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“...THE
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK
BEING
"The Christian Movement in China"
1910
EDITED BY
D. MacGILLIVRAY,
FOR THE C. L. S.
SHAMII1A1:
CHRISTIAN uteratlire society fom cwma
1010...”
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Page 3
“...the vajjous missions in China was.
"The China Mission'Handbook','' which appeared
in 1896. The circulars which were sent out asking for
material were signed by a committee of Shanghai mis-*
sionaries, but the b-ulk of the editorial work fell toDr^
T. Richard. To judge by the words 011 the first page,
it appears that the promoters hoped that it-was-theHBrst
of a series to appear at regular intervals. This hope,
however, was never actualized.
The next important historical work dealing with
China missions was the Centenary Conference historical
volume, entitled "A Century of Missions in China,"
which was prepared for the Conference by the writer at
the request of the Executive Committee.
Since that time events have moved rapidly in China.
Much progress has been made in many directions in
Church and State, but nothing in continuation of this
volume has appeared since 1907. In this respect the
Cooperating Christian Missions of Japan have far out-
stripped us. This year sees the eighth annual...”
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Page 4
“...4 CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
ery, undertook to begin a series of Year Books for
China, and the present editor was requested to inaugurate
the work. The thought had occurred to many minds,
but the difficulty was in the execution. Japan might be
manageable, but China was a vaster field. The pros-
pectus frankly admitted that it might be found impos-
sible to do for China what had been so well done for
Japan. The imperfections of a first attempt naturally
appear in the book, but we are glad to say that some 300
advance orders, given in simple faith, showed that people
want such a book.
We are particularly thankful to the forty or fifty
able writers who have furnished the signed articles.
Back of these again are the workers who gladly assisted
them in their investigations. The time has come when
questionnaires 011 serious subjects will receive serious
attention and not lazily be thrown into the limbus of
forgotten duties.
The Year Book, as will be seen at a glance, totally
differs from anything...”
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“...PREFACE.
iii
Tentative List of Chapters.
General Survey.
Important Kdicts and National Movements.
The Chinese Government Schools.
The Problem of Educational Work in China.
What is being done to reach the Higher Classes.
Problems of the Chinese Church.
Student Volunteer Movement in China.
The Problems of Evangelistic Work.
Unoccupied Fields. A list of neglected towns and cities
in each province.
Paper on some Live Subject, by a Chinese.
The Work of the Missions, from their Reports.
Special chapter on Work in Hunan.
Special chapter on Work of the C. I. M.
Special chapter on Work of the German Missions.
The Special Work of Anglicans in China.
Work for the Moslems of China.
Work among the Aboriginal Tribes.
Problems in Literature.
Hymnology of the Chinese Church.
Problems in Sunday School Work.
The Ideal Translation of the Bible into Chinese.
Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., and W. C. T. U.
Problem of Learning the Chinese Language.
General Paper on Women's Work.
Anti-footbinding and Anti-opium.
Buddhism...”
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“...Country.
A. R. Saunders. 180-18S
PREFACE.
CHAPTER IGENERAL SURVEY. ArthurH.Smith, I-
CHAPTERII.IMPORTANT EDICTS AND GOVERN-
MENT CHANGES ...... W. Sheldon Ridge.
CHAPTER III.THE GOVERNMENT SCHOOLS OF
CHINA ... ............J. C. Ferguson,
Supplement:Bureau of Educational Mission to U. S. A.
Hongkong University...............
Government Education in N. China. R. R. gaii.ey.
CHAPTER IV.WORK FOR THE HIGHER CLASSES.
Institutional and Evangelistic:
The International Institute, Shanghai. G. Reid.
Tsinanfu Institute ... J. S. WhiTEWrighT.
CHAPTER V.MISSION SCHOOLS, COLLEGES, AND
UNIVERSITIES FOR MEN AND BOYS:
23-37
38-49
49-55
56-57
57-60
61-68
68-72
Chihli, Shantung, Manchuria......Editor. 73-83
West China .........E. J. Carson. 83-95
South China .........P. W. Pitcher. 95-104
Central and East China...... T. A. SliSBY. 104-112
A. B. M.U.
A. B. C. F. M. ...
A. P. M., North..,
S. B. C.......
A. P. E.......
C. M. M......
M. E. M., So.
E. B. M......
W. M. S.......
U. F. C. S.
II3-I73
145-147
147-150...”
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Page 8
“...8 CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
CHAPTER VIII.INDEPENDENCE AND SELF-SUP-
PORT :
North China............J. Wherry, 189-195
South China......... J,Speicher. 195-199
Central China.........W. C. Longden. 199-205
West China ......... A. E. Claxton. 205-206
East Central China...... F. Garrett. 206-209
CHAPTER IX.MEDICAL MISSIONARY WORK.
Cecil J. Davenport. 210-215
CHAPTER X.MEDICAL EDUCATION :
North China......... T. Cochrane. 216-221
Central China.........W. H. jefferys. 221-225
South China............P. J. Todd. 225-228
MEDICAL EDUCATION FOR WOMEN :
North China ... Miss Eliza E. Leonard. 228-229
Canton.........Miss Mary H. Fulton. 229-232
MEDICAL RESEARCH WORK. H. S. Houghton. 232-234
CHAPTER XI.THEOLOGICAL EDUCATION :
North China............C. H. Fenn. 235-239
Central China......... J. C. Garritt. 239-246
South China......... H. W. Oldham. 247-253
CHAPTER XII.THE BIBLE STUDY MOVEMENT.
A. E. Cory. 254-260
CHAPTER XIII.I. Sunday School ...W. H. Lacy. 261-263
vII. Christian Endeavor. Mr. and Mrs....”
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“...LITERATURE
SOCIETY............... Editor. 325-333
CHAPTER XIX.TRACT SOCIETIES IN CHINA.
J. Darroch. 334-342
CHAPTER XX.CHRISTIAN PERIODICALS.
w. a. cornaby. 343-350
CHAPTER XXI.MISSION PRESSES. G. McIntosh. 351-362
CHAPTER XXII.BIBLE SOCIETIES :
British and Foreign Bible Society.
G. H. Bondfield. 363-370
National Bible Society of Scotland.
J. Archibald. 370-372
American Bible Society. (Annual Report.)
J. R. Hykes. 372-377
CHAPTER XXIII.BIBLE TRANSLATION AND RE-
VISION ............G. H. Bondfieu). 378 379
CHAPTER XXIV.SPECIAL PHILANTHROPY :
The Blind ......... G. A. Clayton. 380-383
The Deaf and Dumb ... Miss A. E. CARTER. 384
Christian Herald Orphanage Committee.
Lilburn Merrili,. 385-387
Leprosy in China ......Henry Fowler. 388-390
John G. Kerr Refuge for Insane. C. C. Selden. 391-393
CHAPTER XXV.INDUSTRIAL WORK.
W. N. Brewster. 394-397
CHAPTER XXVI.OPIUM REFORM Editor. 39S-402
CHAPTER XXVII.Y. M. C. A. :
In China. (From Report)............403-413
In Japan. (Among Chinese students.)
J. M. Ci...”
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“...Vlll
china mission year book.
CHAPTER XXVIII.CHINESE ABROAD.
G. F. Mosher. 419-424
CHAPTER XXIX.THE GREEK CHURCH.
O. Figourovsky. 425-426
CHAPTER XXX.STATISTICS OF ROMAN CATHO-
LIC WORK IN CHINA ............427-431
APPENDICES*
I. IMPORTANT EVENTS ............Pages i-vi
II. OBITUARIES........................vii-xvi
III. NEW BOOKS ON CHINA............xvii-xxii
IV. ARTICLES ON CHINA ............xxiii-xxvi
V. ADDENDA TO "A CENTURY OF
MISSIONS" ........................xxvii-xxx
VI. CHURCH OFFICIALS ..................xxxi-xxxiii
VII. ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY ............xxxiv
VIII. CENTENARY CONFERENCE COM-
MITTEE'S FINAL REPORT............xxxv-xxxvii
IX. LIST OF NEW STATIONS.........xxxviii-xxxix
X. HALLEY'S COMET........................xl-liii
DIRECTORY OF MISSIONARIES.
STATISTICAL TABLE....”
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“...much about China than there ever were
before, and also that they know more about China
than was ever before known, yet the difficulty of com-
prehending China is not only not diminished but is
actually increased as compared with say two decades
ago. For this there are obvious reasons. The forces
operating upon the China of that day while numerous
and complex were relatively homogeneous and some of
them comparatively passive. To-day all China is ting-
ling with a consciousness or a semi-consciousness of a
new life. Its homogeneity is as evident as it has ever
been, but its heterogeneity is far more so. The cur-
rents and the cross currents mingle confusedly, but they
are beneath the surface, and often the only evidence of
their existence to the outsider is the emergence of new
sandbars, the opening of new and intricate channels, and
the partial or complete closing of those which have been
long in use.
It is not the purpose of the following notes on
existing conditions in China to furnish...”
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“...2
CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
If any "Old China hand" had been told before-
hand that the Emperor and the Empress-Dowager would
die within twenty-four hours of each other, yet that
the succession would be quietly arranged with no sug-
gestion of outward discontent, he would have smiled a
knowing smile and would have outlined a much more
probable line of events, but he would have been quite
astray. It is no novelty in China to have long minorities
in the palace, and the past hundred years has had fully
its share. Yet in this instance the selection both of
a new Emperor and a Regent seemed so clearly the best
possible that after it became obvious that there was to
be no uprising or popular clamory we seemed indeed to
be entering upon a lagoon of peace, such as China had
not known for more than a century. A year and a half
of the rule of the Prince Regent, however, made it ob-
vious that far too much had been expected from his
good intentions, and that his qualifications for the diffi-
cult...”
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Page 3
“...these were always at inconvenient times scaling off and
showing the interesting figure of a Confucian doctrinaire
with his feet in the Sung dynasty and his head in the
clouds." If China had the supply of able men which
might be expected, the loss of Chang Chih-tung might
not have been felt, but as it is, he removed one of the
not top numerous balance-wheels from the state ma-
chinery.
The aged Sun Chia-nai was a man of weight and
importance in his way, but he belonged to an age which
had never comprehended the new era in which he could
not be classed as a leading figure. Yang Shih-hsiang,
Governor-General of the Cliihli province, was not a man
of great abilities, but a substantial and a useful official.
The fact that he retaiued his post after his patron Yuan
had fallen, may be taken as an indication that China is
increasingly sensitive to the opinions of the' outside
world. Tai Hung-tze, one of the Imperial Commission-
ers sent abroad five years ago to investigate Constitu-
tional Government"...”
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Page 4
“...14 CHINA MISSION YeAJR BOOK.
have been the step was one of far-reaching importance,
certainly for China and perhaps for the world. It is
evident that but a microscopic fraction of the people
of China have any idea at all what is connoted by the
word 4' constitution now so incessantly on the lips of
talkers and the pens of writers, but they look forward to
its introduction as the opening of a golden era, instead
of an embarkation on the storm-tossed sea of liberty/'
By what processes are these innumerable millions to
learn the meaning of that mighty and mystic term, to
distinguish between liberty and license, to be schooled
in that self-restraint which involves cooperation, the
subordination of the present to the future, and especially
that of the individual to the community? The provin-
cial assemblies which met on the 14th of last October
constituted the initial step in this great experiment
which is of interest and of more or less importance to all
China's contemporaries. Those who had...”
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“...SURVEY.
5
at an early day is to take cognizance of matters like
these, no one seems able as yet to say with certainty,
but whether it does or does not, the old tyrannies and
disregard of individual right are doomed.
Among the exhibitions of the new spirit in China
is the frequent outcry against Chinese officials who have
rendered themselves unpopular, especially by truckling
to foreigners,' and the resolution to prevent them from
returning to the towns, the cities, and the provinces where
they were born, but which they have disgraced in the
estimation of their fellows. L,iable to abuse as this senti-
ment no doubt is, it yet shows a wholesome interest in
the general welfare hitherto quite unknown. There has
been an agelong struggle in China between the right of
the Central Government to govern and the right of the
various provinces to govern themselves. There is no
question that certain provincesnotably Hunanstand
upon special footing, due in part to their history which
has led to certain p...”
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“...6
CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
looked for. Then may perhaps occur the fulfillment of
a prophecy of one of the Taotais who accompanied
H. E. Tuan Fang around the world five years since:
"No nation ever yet got its liberties without shedding
much blood, and China will be no exception." In the
meantime popular pressure everywhere curtails and
eventually extinguishes all foreign 4 4 concessions'' which
can be got hold of. By this kind of combined pressure
the Peking Syndicate was bought off from Shansi, and
the capable official who engineered the negotiations was
the most popular man of the day, and is now the
efficient governor of that province. The relinquishment
for a fair consideration of the claim of Sir Lister Kaye
in Anhui probably marks the terminal moraine of all
enterprises of this sort. The general unrest throughout
China during the past year has been greatly stimulated
by the widespread report (from some unknown source)
that China is again oii the point of being "carved up
like a melon...”
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“...'GENERAL, SURVEY. 17
enticed to Peking, flattered (and snubbed) while there,
ostentatiously honored, sent on his way, reproved,
exhorted, and suddenly degraded. China seems bent
upon making herself felt in Thibet as never before, but
in this as in all Chinese affairs prophecy is a lost art."
But there is evidently a great and a growing respect
for miltarism as an essential condition of the security of
China, a change in sentiment so great as to be itself a
revolution.
With the greatest of all her economic problems
the currencyChina shows no disposition to deal, the
treaties of the early years of the decade to the contrary
notwithstanding. The early Emperors of the Yuan
dynasty distinguished themselves by flooding the empire
with bank notes made from mulberry bark, leading to a
financial catastrophe. The later years of the reign of
Kuang Hsii will be remembered as the period when the
Central Government, the various provinces, and many
officials found a Golconda in the minting of copper coins...”
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“...8
CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
own with no prospect of an infringement. The aggre-
gate loss thus suffered unintelligently and helplessly by a
longsuffering people is quite beyond calculation. In the
meantime rumors abound, have abounded, and probably
will abound as to the new and uniform coin which is
about to be minted. It is to be a single coin on a tael
basis. It is two coins both on a dollar basis. China is
to have a gold basis. And all one knows is that one
knows nothing, and things are as they ever have been,
and apparently ever are to be.
H. E. T'ang Shao-i was sent on an important
mission all round the globe, where he dispersed the
proper number of Imperial gifts, and was everywhere
received with almost royal honors. When Yuan was
deposed, Yang halted to be reappointed, and resumed his
triumphant course. He was reported to have had many
important interviews, he was an expert on currency
and other reforms. He returned to China, and except
for an initial crop of rumors that has been...”
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Page 9
“...road to Samshui, near Canton, the
extension of the Yueh-han across Kuangtung, and the
beginning of a most difficult railway from Ich'ang to
Szch'uanall these and some othersshow that in this
department at least there is no stagnation. The first
stage on the important through route between Tientsin
and P'uk'ou, opposite Nanking, has just been opened
to Techou, and the road is promised within three
or four years, except perhaps for a costly bridge at
Lok'ou below Chinanfu, the capital of Shantung.
China is thoroughly converted to railways, a change of
sentiment which to one who remembers three decades
agoor even twoseems like a transformation scene from
the Arabian Nights. But there is no mystery about it.
The Chinese have a proverbial saying about a money-
shaking tree" which rains its coppers on its fortunate
owner. Railways, however, have proved an ever flow-
ing fountain of liquid silver automatically enriching the
government without impoverishing the peopleone of
the few enterprises whicii...”
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“...20
CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
economic effects are as yet but dimly discernible as
relates to the country as a whole, not having been as
yet studied intelligently. It is reported in Russian
journals that the Trans-Siberian line which was to have
been the means for the subjugation by Russia of Man-
churia, is maintained at vast expense by ^ that empire
with the result that perhaps half a million of Chinese are
annually poured into the Hei-lung-chiang province, the
total emigration being said to be already between three
and four millions. Extensive parts of China are greatly
overpopulated, notably the ancient province of Shantung,
whose people might advantageously be transplanted to
the great regions now opened up beyond the Great Wall.
A constant stream of trekking of this sort is indeed
kept up, but it should be assisted by the provincial and
the general governments, and should be conducted reg-
ularly and permanently. For this the high officials
tell us no funds are forthcoming (though...”
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“...'general, survey.
21
torrent inundating whole counties. A year ago hun-
dreds of boatmen were stranded at T'ungchou unable
to get anywhere. Yet this is within an hour's ride of
the Imperial Palace The Grand Canal, throughout a
large part of its northern course, is a venerable and a
melancholy ruin. In northern Kiangsu the choking of
its channels for drainage to the sea directly caused the
floods which ended in the terrible famine of 1906-7.
Yet nothing is anywhere undertaken, or if work is begun,
it is isolated, sporadic, and fruitless. According to the
best foreign opinion it can be but a matter of a decade
more or less before the ancient foe of China (which
might be converted into its staunch friend)the Yellow
Riverwill once more break away by reason of the
silting up of its bed, and we shall have a repetition of
the scenes of 1887-8, with wails about the will of
heaven and the helplessness of man against fate.
After protracted squabbling between the rulers of two
adjacent provinces (as...”
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“...12
CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK.
Far East, mar^ of which had maintained an attitude of
invincible skepticism as to the real intentions of China.
She has proved readj' to sacrifice between one hundred
and one hundred and fifty million taels of revenue, which
is the highest proof of her intentions. That the poppy
plant is no longer grown in several of the provinces which
most largely produced it, seems to be matter of trust-
worthy testimony. That many opium-smokers have
been induced to leave off smoking, and that some have
died in the attempt, is also well known. The drug has
enormously increased in price, and it can no longer be
afforded by the poor. Great quantities of morphia have
found their way into China, a substitute much worse
than the original. Against this it is difficult effectively
to guard. None of these facts, nor all of them combined,
prove that China has given up opium, or that she will do
so. That is a matter which of necessity must require
at least another decade or two after...”
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