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“...THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK BEING "The Christian Movement in China" 1910 EDITED BY D. MacGILLIVRAY, FOR THE C. L. S. SHAMII1A1: CHRISTIAN uteratlire society fom cwma 1010...”
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“...China," which was prepared for the Conference by the writer at the request of the Executive Committee. Since that time events have moved rapidly in China. Much progress has been made in many directions in Church and State, but nothing in continuation of this volume has appeared since 1907. In this respect the Cooperating Christian Missions of Japan have far out- stripped us. This year sees the eighth annual issue of their "Christian Movement in Japan," an invaluable digest of the missionary work there. The stimulating example thus set up was not lost, and finally precipitated action along the line of the present Year Book. Dr. A. H. Smith, in the Chinese Recorder, had voiced the general feeling when he loudly called for a Chinese Annual. In the absence of any body corresponding to the Cooperating Missions in Japan, the Christian Literature Society, which happily possessed the necessary machin-...”
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“...CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK. ery, undertook to begin a series of Year Books for China, and the present editor was requested to inaugurate the work. The thought had occurred to many minds, but the difficulty was in the execution. Japan might be manageable, but China was a vaster field. The pros- pectus frankly admitted that it might be found impos- sible to do for China what had been so well done for Japan. The imperfections of a first attempt naturally appear in the book, but we are glad to say that some 300 advance orders, given in simple faith, showed that people want such a book. We are particularly thankful to the forty or fifty able writers who have furnished the signed articles. Back of these again are the workers who gladly assisted them in their investigations. The time has come when questionnaires 011 serious subjects will receive serious attention and not lazily be thrown into the limbus of forgotten duties. The Year Book, as will be seen at a glance, totally differs from anything...”
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“...Vlll china mission year book. CHAPTER XXVIII.CHINESE ABROAD. G. F. Mosher. 419-424 CHAPTER XXIX.THE GREEK CHURCH. O. Figourovsky. 425-426 CHAPTER XXX.STATISTICS OF ROMAN CATHO- LIC WORK IN CHINA ............427-431 APPENDICES* I. IMPORTANT EVENTS ............Pages i-vi II. OBITUARIES........................vii-xvi III. NEW BOOKS ON CHINA............xvii-xxii IV. ARTICLES ON CHINA ............xxiii-xxvi V. ADDENDA TO "A CENTURY OF MISSIONS" ........................xxvii-xxx VI. CHURCH OFFICIALS ..................xxxi-xxxiii VII. ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY ............xxxiv VIII. CENTENARY CONFERENCE COM- MITTEE'S FINAL REPORT............xxxv-xxxvii IX. LIST OF NEW STATIONS.........xxxviii-xxxix X. HALLEY'S COMET........................xl-liii DIRECTORY OF MISSIONARIES. STATISTICAL TABLE....”
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“...so clearly the best possible that after it became obvious that there was to be no uprising or popular clamory we seemed indeed to be entering upon a lagoon of peace, such as China had not known for more than a century. A year and a half of the rule of the Prince Regent, however, made it ob- vious that far too much had been expected from his good intentions, and that his qualifications for the diffi- cult task laid upon him were extremely inadequate. The sudden and curt dismissal of Yuan Shih-k'ai opened a new window into the central machinery of the Chinese government and made it plain that personal considera- tions overtop the interests of the state, as has so often although by no means uniformly been the case through the long course of Chinese history. Before the year closed the abrupt ejection of the capable Manchu gov- ernor-General, Tuan Fang, furnished another signifi- cant object-lesson of the inherent weakness of China. At a time when the empire needs the services in some capacity...”
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“...extinguishes all foreign 4 4 concessions'' which can be got hold of. By this kind of combined pressure the Peking Syndicate was bought off from Shansi, and the capable official who engineered the negotiations was the most popular man of the day, and is now the efficient governor of that province. The relinquishment for a fair consideration of the claim of Sir Lister Kaye in Anhui probably marks the terminal moraine of all enterprises of this sort. The general unrest throughout China during the past year has been greatly stimulated by the widespread report (from some unknown source) that China is again oii the point of being "carved up like a melon." The repeated attempts on the life of the Prince Regent show that the evil spirit which entered CLiina in a foreign guise just before the Constitutional Commission left Peking late in 1905, is still an unwel- come and sinister guest in the Celestial Empire, whose departure may perhaps be long delayed. The military riots of the last winter wTere a grave...”
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“...'general, survey. 21 torrent inundating whole counties. A year ago hun- dreds of boatmen were stranded at T'ungchou unable to get anywhere. Yet this is within an hour's ride of the Imperial Palace The Grand Canal, throughout a large part of its northern course, is a venerable and a melancholy ruin. In northern Kiangsu the choking of its channels for drainage to the sea directly caused the floods which ended in the terrible famine of 1906-7. Yet nothing is anywhere undertaken, or if work is begun, it is isolated, sporadic, and fruitless. According to the best foreign opinion it can be but a matter of a decade more or less before the ancient foe of China (which might be converted into its staunch friend)the Yellow Riverwill once more break away by reason of the silting up of its bed, and we shall have a repetition of the scenes of 1887-8, with wails about the will of heaven and the helplessness of man against fate. After protracted squabbling between the rulers of two adjacent provinces (as...”
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“...liquors also can- not prove other than an injury to the physical constitu- tion of the Chinese and the morale of China. The status of the Chinese Press is a matter of the gravest concern both to the people of China and to the rulers. At present it seems difficult to know what to expect ; some journals being summarily suppressed, and then reincarnated under other names. The control of important organs by wealthy officials is an evil of great importance, which is apparently less in evidence than a year or two ago. But in this as an other lines it is dangerous to give too much liberty before there is sufficient self-restraint to prevent its abuse. Rumors regarding numerous social reforms which are supposed to be just below the dip of the horizon continue to abound, and some of them may be not far off. Among them are the abolition of the eunuch sys- tem, the discontinuance of girl slavery, permission for the removal of the queue, and the like. The Occidental bow has been recognized as a useful...”
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“...14 CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK. from all restraint at an age and under conditions requir- ing very different treatment. The Shansi Provincial College, under the care of Dr. Timothy Richard, stands in a class by itself, but at the impending expiration of the ten-year period 110 one can predict under what influences it may fall. Except- ional likewise is the Tientsin University, founded by Dr. Tenney, which has a large foreign staff. The Provincial College at Paotingfu has been for more than a year and a half under the presidency of Mr. Fei Ch'i-hao, a Christian graduate of Oberlin and of Yale. Dr. Fergu- son, of Shanghai, has well pointed out one of the fatal weaknesses of government institutions in China in their divided control. '' Every school is in the hands of four sets of managers : the Board of Education, which may include the central board and a local board, the directors of the special school, the faculty, and the students. The latter by playing off against one or both of the other...”
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“...under our very eyes, of a new Chinese language, largely made in Japan," the acquirement of which is essential to any one wishing to keep in touch with the new China. The publication two years ago in Shanghai of an English-Chinese dictionary in two huge volumes, was in itself an important educational event. A Bureau of Terminology (Ming-tz'u-kuan) has been opened in the Board of Education, to which Dr. Yen Fu, perhaps the most competent scholar in China, was called. A curious feature of the past year has been a wide- spread effort 011 the part of great numbers of Chinese to raise sufficient funds to pay off all China's national debts, a spasmodic symptom of the general irritation at the yoke of the hated foreigner. The scheme is obviously doomed to failure by reason of the want of cooperation, the want of confidence, and the want of cash, and if it succeeded it would so disturb the financial equilibrium as to work more harm than good. The city of Peking is rapidly becoming transformed into...”
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“...'GENERAL, SURVEY. 17 friendly official (Mr. Yen Hsiu) himself soon after left the Board, and further progress is for the present blocked. A like fact seemed to threaten the effort to come to an understanding with the accomplished head of the new Bureau of Terminology.<(Ming Tz'u Kuan), Dr. Yen Fu, who promised a cordial welcome to whatever assistance might be given in the important and difficult task of revising and enlarging the new Chinese technical nomenclature. Soon after the Chinese New Year Dr. Yen was promoted to some position in the new Navy Department, and thus the man perhaps best qualified to undertake the systematization of Chinese terminology appeared to be lost to that work, but it proved later that his naval post was merely an "advisory" one. The£e two cases illustrate what has already been said of the transitory and the incidental nature of Chinese appointments and suggest an explanation of the fatal lack of continuity of plan. During the years since the conference considerable...”
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“...22 china mission year book. and of his many successors were celebrated in 1907 ; many others, because they are unknown, will never be celebrated at all. The opening and the awakening of China are not unreasonably thought by some to be the most important world events since Columbus discovered America. In contributing to these great results no agencies have been so potent as those which have accom- panied the introduction of Christianity, but as yet its real influence has only begun. Largest and most fruitful of the many tasks before the Christian church of the twentieth century is to be the uplift and the regeneration of China. Arthur H. Smith....”
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“...26 CHINA MISSION YEAR B06K. tion in favour of the Manchus, for an undue proportion of Presidents has been Manchu, whilst the Vice-presidencies have not been evenly divided. The duties of the Boards were not at this time clearly defined, but %t the heads of each Board and Court [were] hereby ordered to study the matter, and after due consultation with the Grand Council report upon the same to the Throne for sanction." A fortnight later a full list of appointments to the new or re-established offices was issued as an Imperial decree. This decree and its dependent appointments repre- sent the state of things as in the spring and summer of 1907. At this time a number of changes took place in official circles. The central figure was Yuan Sliih-k'ai, around whom were grouped Tang Shao-yi, Yang Shili- hsiang, Chou Fu and Chang Pao-hsi. Another group, however, attached itself to Chang Chih-tung. At this time Yuan Shih-k'ai had just resigned the High Com- missionersliip of Army Reorganization and...”
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“...IMPORTANT EDICTS AND GOVERNMENT CHANGES. 29 k'ai had previously informed the Throne of the working of a limited form of local self-government in Tientsin, and it is thus seen that most of his recommendations were adopted ; and the year closed with general amity amongst the officials in Peking, though there was con- siderable student effervescence in the provinces. The first quarter of the year 1908 had only one important decree to record when, 011 12th March, the Throne "strictly ordered the Board of Justice and the Court of Cassation, as well as Viceroys and Governors, to instruct the officials under them charged with judicial duties to try cases with all expedition and in an impartial manner," and also ordered that the judges and other officials in Peking and the provinces should be selected properly from persons who are learned and have sound judgment," though no means by which such selection should be contrived was provided. We may here note the appointment 011 6th March of Chao Erli-hsun...”
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“...IMPORTANT EDICTS AND GOVERNMENT CHANGES. 31 thing about their cooperation being the way in which they had managed to set at rest the growing enmity between Peking and the provinces. At the end of August an Imperial Decree laid down a nine-year programme for constitutional reform, its stages being as follows : First Year.Opening of Local Self-Government Councils, enactment of self-government regula- tions, adjustment of finances, and taking of a census. Second Year.Putting in force of Local Self-Govern- ment Electoral Law, announcement of regulations for parliamentary representation, investigation of provincial revenues, organization of Courts of Justice. Third Year.Convocation of Parliamentary Repre- sentation Councils, promulgation of new Criminal law, experimental government budget, regulations for official recommendations and fees. Fourth Year.Promulgation of Local Court Laws. Fifth Year.Issue of new regulations for Taxation and announcement of new Government organizations. Sixth Year...”
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“...of an Imperial Decree concerning constitu- tional reform, in which it was declared that the new sovereign would adhere strictly to the plans laid down by his predecessor and follow his programme (as given above). That affairs were not going smoothly it was not difficult to infer from the fact that Chang Chih-tung was asking for leave of absence at the same time as Yuan Shih-k'ai's memorial in favour of the establish- ment of a responsible cabinet within a year was being adversely criticized by the rest of the Grand Councillors. The year closed in tranquillity....”
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“...IMPORTANT EDICTS AND GOVERNMENT CHANGES. 33 * The year 1909 opened with sweeping changes. On the 2nd January Yuan Shih-k'ai was summarily dismissed and succeeded in his post at the Waiwu Pu by Liang Tung-yeti, still the incumbent. The vacancy on the Grand Couucil was filled by the appointment of Na Tung, a Manchu, as Probationary Grand Councillor. All this, according to the Decree, because Unexpectedly Yuan Shih-k'ai suffers from pains iu his legs," and " We wish to show him our sympathy." That dismissal was a mistake of the first magnitude. Since the depart- ure of Yuail there has been no head-aud-slioulders man in Peking, and during the year that followed his dismissal many strong men were removed by death or dismissal. Chang Chih-tung died in the beginning of October, and Sun Chia-nai, a sterling and safe, but not an outstanding, man followed in November. Towards the end of June the Chilili Viceroy, Yang Shih-hsiang, died, and this weakened the forces at Peking, for Tuan Fang, his successor...”
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“...34 CHINA MISSION YEAJR BOOK. ferred from the Yunkwei viceroyalty to take that at Mukden. Later in the year Li Teh-hsun, the unscru- pulous Director of the northern section of the Tientsin- Pukow Railway, had to be removed, and as an indirect result the perfectly honourable Lu Hai-huan was re- moved from the office of Director-General. With the dismissal of Tuan Fang from the Chihli viceroyalty in November, Chen Kwei-lung was called to the north, and his place at Wuchang was taken by Jui Cheng. Tuan Fang had earlier in the year been succeeded at Nanking by Chang Jen-chen, who had handed over the Governor- ship of Shantung to Sun Pao-chi, thitherto for some time Minister to Germany. It is thus seen that more than half the nearest advisers of the Throne were removed during 1909 by death or dismissal, and half the heads of provinces were also removed or transferred. It might therefore be expected that the work of government would be inter- rupted. It is quite certain that little real progress...”
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“...parlia- ment at an earlier date than was laid down in the pro- gramme ; but the agitation proceeded as briskly as ever, and it became necessary to issue on the 30th January of this year, just before China New Year, a Decree reca- pitulating what had been already done, what had been the wishes of Their late Majesties, and again insisting 011 the good faith of the Sovereign: "We hereby announce in respect to representative government that when the nine years' preparation are completed and all the people properly educated we will absolutely issue a Decree to fix a time for Parliament to be summoned." This did not prove sufficient, and on the 3rd February a further Decree to the same effect was promulgated. The matter of representative government may here be brought to date by noting that on the 9th May of this year was issued a Decree convening the Legisla- tive Council for the first day of the ninth moon (3rd November) and giving a long list of selections to the Council. During the mouth of...”
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“...following a list of opium-smoking officials was issued, but these were given another chance, being allowed to retire for the time being in order to get rid of the habit. On the 7th April of the following year an Imperial Decree commanded the establishment of in- stitutes iu which the cure could be effected, and on the 30th July several officials who were detected smoking opium were cashiered. On the 20th March of last year an attack was made on the poppy cultivation, and the officials were exhorted to do their best to reduce the area of land under poppy, whilst 011 17th June a further examination of suspected officials was ordered. Since that time no effort has been spared in the suppression of the habit and the reduction of the crop. An important Decree was issued 011 the 25th May of last year calling attention to the serious lack of facili- ties for primary education and ordering a universal ex- tension of the primary school system, but with no funds to carry out this work the Decree has been...”