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“...THE
CHINA CHRISTIAN
YEAR BOOK
1926
(FOURTEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION"
YEAR BOOK)
Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature
Society for China and the National Christian Council of
China under the Direction of the following Editorial Board
appointed by the National Christian Council
Rev. K. T. Chung Dr. D. W. Lyon
Rev. E. H. Cressy Dr. D. MacGillivray
Miss Lily Haas Dr. J. L Maxwell
Rev. Carleton Lacy Dr. W. W. Peter
Dr. R. Y. Lo Dr. E. W. Wallace
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Miss Helen Thoburn
EDITOR
Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D.
Editor, Chinese Recorder.
SHANGHAI
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY
J 926...”
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“...PREFACE
rpiiE China "Mission" Year Book appears tliis jrear as the China
JL "Christian" Year Book. This change of titte is indicative
of a change in emphasis. Up till recently., tlie Christian
Movement in China has, of necessity, been mission'-centHg. It is
now becoming China Christian-centric. This process of change
has not proceeded very far nor does it move very'fast when all
phases and types of Christian work in China are considered.
Nevertheless a new fulcrum for Christian work in China is being
placed in position. Adjustment thereto is proceeding as rapidly
as possible.
This year the Editorial Board has attempted to i nclude-more
articles of a general and survey type than formerly. Success in
this regard is not all that was planned or desired. Tile Christian
Movement is somewhat less coherent than it was a few years ago.
To this must be added the influence of the social and political
upheaval apparent everywhere but particularly in those centres
which feel most the impact of the West...”
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“...consciousness about its
indigenous problems and the rising impulse of what is called the
"Chinese religious genius." This latter impulse is seen in a
widespread questioning as to the relation of Christianity to China's
religious history and experience. However one may interpret or
value these, the fact remains that in the immediate future Christian
workers will have to reckon with them and indeed learn to value
and utilize them as far as possible.
Difficulties galore confront Christian workers in China. For
many of the situations no precedents exist. They will have to be
made. This fact is slowly emerging in the consciousness of Christ-
ian workers both Chinese and Western. To some extent the
intensity of feelings which marked 1925 has subsided. A growing
desire and determination to solve existing problems in a Christlike
way promises much for the future....”
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“...CONTENTS
Page
PREFACE iii
CONTENTS v
CONTRIBUTORS ix
PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINA
CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTINTERPRETATIVE IN-
TRODUCTION EDITOR. xiv
PART I. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT AND NA-
TIONAL AFFAIRS.
Chapter
I. The Protestant Christian Movement and
Political Events
Harley Farnsworth MacNair 1
II. Missionaries and Special Privilege
Harold Balme 25
III. Some Historical Points Concerning The So-
Called "Unequal Treaties."
J. J. Heeren 35
IV. China's Position at the Institute op Pacific
Relations ..............................L. T. Chen 45
V. Christianity tn the Treaties Between China
and Other Nations.........E. C. Lobenstine 51
PART II. RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND ACTIVITY.
VI. Trends in China's Religious Life...Gilbert Reid 71
VII. The Present Chinese Attitude towards
Christianity...........................Y. K. Woo 80
VIII. Chinese Christian Unions ...............Z. K. Zia 8ti
IX. The Greek Orthodox Church in China
Y. Y. Tsu 89...”
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“...CHURCH LIFE AND ACTIVITIES.
X. Cooperative Christian Activities tn China
in 1925 ........................Eugene E. Barnett 94
XI. Special Problems in Evangelism
Frank Rawlinson 116
XII. Changes in Chinese Church............T. C. Ban 132
XIII. Support op Christian Work Compared with
that op Chinese Ceremonies and
Practices..............................A.J. Bowen 138
.XIV. The Growth of Intercommunion ...A. R. Kepler 144
PART IV* MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES.
XV. The Present Strength, Distribution and Age
op the Missionary Body .........S.J.Mills 151
XVI. Tendencies in Mission Policy as Shown in
Mission Reports op 1925
Warren H. Stuart 154
XVII. The Changing Function op the Missionary
Logan H. Roots 162
XVIII. Missionary Work as Seen at the Institute op
Pacific Relations ...............E. J. Stuckey 174
XIX. The Relation of Mission and Church
E. C. Lobenstine 178
XX. Critical Moments in the History of Chris-
tianity in China ...............H. F. MacNair 196
PART V. EDUCATION AND STUDENTS*
XXI...”
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“...Evangelistic Work in Colleges and Univer-
sities.......................................T. L. Shen 274
XXVIII. National Association for the Advancement
of Education ..............................P. Ling 281
XXIX. The China Foundation for the Promotion of
Education and Culture........................... 289
PART VI. SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS.
XXX. The Public Attitude to Labor in China
J. B. Tayler 296
XXXI. Cooperative Credit in China ......Y. S. Djang 303
XXXII. Reforming Farm Life............John H. Reisner 308
XXXIII. China Famine Fund Balance Committee
John H. Reisner 315
XXXIV. Recent Anti-Opium Activities
K. T. Chung and Garfield Huang 326
PART VII. MEDICAL AND HEALTH WORK.
XXXV. Medical Missions 1925 and After
James L. Maxwell 339
XXXVI. The Nurses' Association of China
Nina D. Gage 351
XXXVII. Modern Chinese Physicians and Practice
Wu Lien Teh 355
PART VIII. LITERATURE.
XXXVIII. Main Tendencies in Literary Circles
William Hung 364
XXXIX. New Trends in Literature......J. Wesley Shen...”
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“...viii
contents
Chapter Page
XLII. Chinese Christian Publications, 1925, Li-
brary op the National Christian Council 399
XLII I. Some Classified Devotional and Inspira-
tional Literature with Annotations 418
XLIY. Philosophical and Religious Thought in-
China.................................F. R. Millican 423
PART IX. OBITUARIES, 470
PART X. APPENDICES.
I. Amended Constitution op the Kwangtung
Divisional Council op the Church op
Christ in China...................................... 474
II. Resolutions op National Students' Union in
re Christianity....................................... 480
III. Actions of Mission Organizations in re Ex-
trality and toleration clauses ............ 483
IV. Notes on Missionary Property Titles in
China ...........................A. L. Warnshuis 535...”
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“...CONTRIBUTORS
(FIGURES IN PARATHESES INDICATE DATES OF
FIRST ARRIVAL IN CHINA)
Page
Balme, Harold, F.R.C.S., D.P.H., L.R.C.P. (1906) Missionaries
and Special Privilege.
English Baptist. President, Shantung Christian Uni-
versity. Formerly Vice-Chairman, National Christian
Council ........................ 25
Barnett, Eugene E., B.A. (1910) Cooperative Christian,
Activities in China in 1925.
Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Foreign Depart-
ment, National Council Y.M.C.A.s of U.S. and Canada.
Secretary, National Committee, Y.M.C.A.s of China ... 94
Bau, T. C. Changes in Chinese Church.
Hangchow Baptist Church. Secretary, Chekiang-Shang-
hai Baptist Convention............ ... ... 132
Bowen, Arthur John, B.A., L.L.D. (1897) Support of Christian
Work Compared Vith that of Chinese Ceremonies and
Practices. Economic Status of Christian Schools and
Economic Strength of China.
Methodist Episcopal. President, University of Nanking. 138,253
Chen, L. T., B.A. (Yale) China's Position at the Institute...”
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“...X
CONTRIBUTORS
Page
Djang, Y. S., B.A. (Cornell) Cooperative Credit in China.
Acting Executive Secretary, China International Famine
Relief Commission .................. 303
Fong F. Sec, B.L., M.A., LL.D. Recent Developments in
Chinese Government Education.
Cantonese Union Church, Shanghai. Chief English
Editor, The Commercial Press. Chairman, National
Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China. President, Chinese
Y.M.C.A., Shanghai. President, Daily Vacation Bible
Schools of China. Vice-President, The Chinese Mission
to Lepers ........................ 236
Gage, Nina D., M.A., R.N. (1908) The Nurses' Association
of China.
Yale Foreign Missionary Society. Dean, Hunan-Yale
School of Nursing, Changsha. Chairman, Education
Committee, Nurses' Association of China. President,
International Council of Nurses. Member of Council on
Hospital Administration, China Medical Association ... 351
Heeren, J. J., M.A., B.D., Ph.D. (1911) Some Historical
Points Concerning the So-Called 'Unequal Treaties.'
American Presbyterian...”
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“...Principal, Union Middle
School, Ningpo, until July, 1926, now vice-principal with
Chinese principal ...' ...... ...... ... ... 423
Mills, S. J., A.B. (1911) The Present Strength, Distribution,
and Age of the Missionary Body.
American Presbyterian, North. Dean of Department of
Missionary Training, University of Nanking,'Nanking... 151
Rawlmson, Frank, M.A., D.D. (1902) Present Charac-
teristics of the China Christian Movement. Special
Problems in Evangelism. Some Books and Articles on
China (English). .
A.B.C.F.M. Editor, The Chinese Recorder and China
Christian Year Book ............ XIV, 116, 380...”
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“...Religious
Life.
PriesbyWian Church of China. Director, International
Institute of China..................... 71
Reisner, Jotih H., B.A.; MIS.A. (1914) Reforming Farm Life.
China Famine Fund Balance Committee.
American Presbyterian, North. Co-Dean, College of
Agriculture and Forestry, University of Nanking, and
Co-Director of Agricultural Experimental Stations. 308, 315
Roots, Bishop Logan H., M.X., D.D, (1896) The Changing
Function of the Missionary.
American Church Mission. Bishop, Hankow District.
Hon. Secretary, National Christian Council ...... 162
Shen, T. L., B.S. Evangelistic Work in Colleges and
Universities.
Allen Memorial Church, Shanghai. Student Secretary,
National Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China.......... 274
Shen, J;"Wesley, B.D; New Trends in Literature.
Methodist, South. Acting General Secretary, National
Christian Literature Society ... ............ 370
Stuart; Warren H.,; B.A,, M.A., B.D;, D.D. (1907) Tendencies
in Mission Policy as Shown in Mission Reports of 1925.
American Presbyterian...”
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“...contributors
xiii
Page
Tsii, Y. Y., P.D., MA., Ph.D. The Greek Orthodox
Church in China.
Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui. Secretary of Religious
Work, Peking Union Medical College. Member of
Clergy of Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, Diocese of North
China........................... 89
"Wallace, Edward Wilson, B.A., M.A., B.D.> D.D. (1906)
Christian Education in 1925.
Canadian Methodist. Associate General Secretary,
China Christian Educational Association......... 224
Wamshuis, Rev. A. L., D,D. Notes on Missionary Prop-
erty Titles in China.
Sometime missionary to China in connection with the
Reformed Church in Amoy: sometime Evangelistic
Secretary of the China Continuation Committee: now a
secretary of the International Missionary Council ... 535
Woo, Y. K. The Present Chinese Attitude Towards
Christianity.
Methodist, South. Executive Secretary, Publication
Department, National Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China ... 80
Wu, Lien Teh, M. A., M.D. (Cambridge) LL.D., Sc.D. Modern
Chinese Physicians and Practice...”
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“...PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINA
CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT.
Interpretative Introduction
Editor.
The China Christian' Movement is in a state
of flux. Its appearance varies with the angle
from which it is viewed. For the nonce its
problems stand out more than its achievements. Wide-
spread and intense mental activity obscures to some extent
other phases of Christian activity. Change is writ large over
much of Christian work. Just what the changes will be
none would dare prophesy. Looked at from the viewpoint
of its environment everything is chaotic. China's political
future eannot be forecast with any certainty. China has
not yet found her political mind. The Christian Movement
is the recipient of criticism from merchant -Westerner in
China and from the Chinese, both within and without the
Church. Critical scrutiny is the keynote of the general
public attitude towards the Christian Church. Never-
theless the situation shows signs of promise. For in spite
of the chaotic environment and the flood...”
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“...cannot safely generalize as to their characteristics and
possibilities. What is said hereafter, therefore, as to the
characteristics of the Christian Movement in China will
concern itself of necessity mainly with those of the
articulate Chinese Christian group.
Two Two tendencies mark this articulate group
Tendencies of of Chinese Christians. In the first place they
Articulate are self-conscious. This heads up in a desire
Christians self-determining. In the second place
ris ans there is a movement towards reorganization of
thought and work: this is still mainly a matter of mental
readjustment. Independent Chinese Church movements
seem to be on the increase. During 1925 a large number of
Christian Unions sprang up, mainly with a view to the
organization of Christian public opinion with regards to
present treaty issues. In South China particularly the
reorganization of Christian work under pressure from
Chinese Christians has made rapid progress. All these are
signs of the new articulation of...”
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“...XXviii
CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT
inarticulate mass also. For this reason we said that the
future of the Christian Church in China must be measured
in terms of the group of articulate and live Christians.
This beginning of the articulation of the
Factors11111611 Chinese Christian forces is in large part due
to certain factors in the changing environ-
ment. The Christian Church has in many places been
subjected to tremendous environmental pressure. Under
such circumstances readjustment was inevitable. Of some
of these factors it is well to remind ourselves.
May30 The events of May 30 (1925) in Shanghai
have been called China's 14 Boston Tea Party/'
The sequel at Canton in June is an occurrence of similar
import. No matter how Westerners may interpret or
explain these events, the fact remains that they served as
a reagent to precipitate and crystallize the Chinese nationa-
listic spirit. In this process of crystallization the mind of
the Chinese Christians participated. The rapidity...”
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“...taught is their Christian privilege. In addition China is
trying to fit into a changing world. The political and
social flux that is whirling around within China is part of
a world flux outside.
One result of this external pressure to
ChrSian Work ^e Christian Church in China is
Shifting subjected, and the impulse to self-direction
within the heart of the Chinese Church itself,
is that the focus of Christian work in China has shifted.
The driving impulse of Christian work in China has until
quite recently had its source and base in the West. That
was unavoidable. The hope of those who have given
lavishly to set up the Christian Religion in China has been
that its moving impulse would find its center in China.
The process of centering Christian work in China has been
going on for a long time. It is not too much to say that
the events of the last year or two have made this hope a
reality. The fulcrum of Christian work in China is now in
China. It is true that until the inarticulate mass also...”
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“...Chinese Christian mind is beginning to express itself.
Western Christian workers in China are endeavoring to
ascertain what that mind is. Slowly, but none the less
surely, the Chinese Christian heart is realizing its own
direct responsibility to God. In line with the above are
the efforts of Western Christian leaders to ascertain along
what lines Chinese Christian leaders think the Christian
Church should move. One retarding factor is the absence
of any comprehensive coordinating objective in the mind
of all Christian workers in China. Such an objective
cannot be suddenly produced. And we may expect that
the Christian Movement in China will move somewhat
slowly until the Chinese Christian mind has found itself,
the Western Christian understands that mind and both
together find a coordinating objective. It is not part of the
purpose of this article to attempt to forecast that objective.
Christian work in China then, taken as
Condition of a whle probably been slowed up
Christian Workas a result...”
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“...sweeping all over the world. It
indicates perhaps a more careful weighing of the Christian
Message, which in turn promises a greater depth of
conviction when that Message is finally accepted.
Educational work has felt more than any
Educational other tyPe of Christian work in China the
Work present waves of criticism and nationalism.
This is perhaps due to the facts that
schools are an important opinion-forming factor, that
the Chinese are more vitally interested in education
than in religion as such and that in the mission schools
extra-national influences are felt in essentially extra-
nationalistic and contrasting types of education. Further-
more, the students have been the main strength of
the nationalistic movement in China. The churches, on
the other hand, are much less under foreign control than
the schools. For a while after the agitations of 1925
it looked as though Christian schools would suffer
tremendously. Actually the number of students in...”
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“...Six characteristics of christian movement
Christian schools did decrease and the number in
government schools go up during the year. Intensively,
however, the work in Christian schools seems to have
benefited by the weeding out of a considerable number of
students whose lesser interest was studying and whose
major interest was agitation.
Ncw, Various and numerous educational organiza-
Regulations tions have passed resolutions anent the
position of Christian education. As a result
the Ministry of Education passed certain r_ew regulations
for schools which were intended to settle the position of
u private n schools, to which class Christian schools belong.
These new educational regulations embodied two major
aims. (1) The securing of educational autonomy, or the
control of schools in China by Chinese. With this
legitimate Chinese desire Christian workers generally found
it easy to get into accord. Having the majority of school
board members Chinese and having a Chinese president or
vice-president...”
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“...to the minimum.
In schools at least it reduces religious propaganda to
personal influences mainly and to voluntary cooperative
study of Christian truth and. books. This is, of course, a
new situation that calls for a new approach to the whole
problem of religious education. To solve it calls for
creative experimentation.
. Medical work, though the most philan-
IvLdlcaTVorfc fc^roPic in intent and the least propaganda in
method, has yet received some of the hardest
blows the radical elements in China have struck at Christian
work. The long established Canton Hospital and the
Southern Baptist Hospital at Wuchow, Kwangsi, were
forced to close. A Christian doctor was forced out of Kung
Yee Hospital, Canton, even after assurances that changes in...”
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