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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1926 (FOURTEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION" YEAR BOOK) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the Direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council Rev. K. T. Chung Dr. D. W. Lyon Rev. E. H. Cressy Dr. D. MacGillivray Miss Lily Haas Dr. J. L Maxwell Rev. Carleton Lacy Dr. W. W. Peter Dr. R. Y. Lo Dr. E. W. Wallace Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Miss Helen Thoburn EDITOR Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Editor, Chinese Recorder. SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY J 926...”
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“...PREFACE rpiiE China "Mission" Year Book appears tliis jrear as the China JL "Christian" Year Book. This change of titte is indicative of a change in emphasis. Up till recently., tlie Christian Movement in China has, of necessity, been mission'-centHg. It is now becoming China Christian-centric. This process of change has not proceeded very far nor does it move very'fast when all phases and types of Christian work in China are considered. Nevertheless a new fulcrum for Christian work in China is being placed in position. Adjustment thereto is proceeding as rapidly as possible. This year the Editorial Board has attempted to i nclude-more articles of a general and survey type than formerly. Success in this regard is not all that was planned or desired. Tile Christian Movement is somewhat less coherent than it was a few years ago. To this must be added the influence of the social and political upheaval apparent everywhere but particularly in those centres which feel most the impact of the West...”
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“...consciousness about its indigenous problems and the rising impulse of what is called the "Chinese religious genius." This latter impulse is seen in a widespread questioning as to the relation of Christianity to China's religious history and experience. However one may interpret or value these, the fact remains that in the immediate future Christian workers will have to reckon with them and indeed learn to value and utilize them as far as possible. Difficulties galore confront Christian workers in China. For many of the situations no precedents exist. They will have to be made. This fact is slowly emerging in the consciousness of Christ- ian workers both Chinese and Western. To some extent the intensity of feelings which marked 1925 has subsided. A growing desire and determination to solve existing problems in a Christlike way promises much for the future....”
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“...CONTENTS Page PREFACE iii CONTENTS v CONTRIBUTORS ix PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINA CHRISTIAN MOVEMENTINTERPRETATIVE IN- TRODUCTION EDITOR. xiv PART I. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT AND NA- TIONAL AFFAIRS. Chapter I. The Protestant Christian Movement and Political Events Harley Farnsworth MacNair 1 II. Missionaries and Special Privilege Harold Balme 25 III. Some Historical Points Concerning The So- Called "Unequal Treaties." J. J. Heeren 35 IV. China's Position at the Institute op Pacific Relations ..............................L. T. Chen 45 V. Christianity tn the Treaties Between China and Other Nations.........E. C. Lobenstine 51 PART II. RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND ACTIVITY. VI. Trends in China's Religious Life...Gilbert Reid 71 VII. The Present Chinese Attitude towards Christianity...........................Y. K. Woo 80 VIII. Chinese Christian Unions ...............Z. K. Zia 8ti IX. The Greek Orthodox Church in China Y. Y. Tsu 89...”
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“...CHURCH LIFE AND ACTIVITIES. X. Cooperative Christian Activities tn China in 1925 ........................Eugene E. Barnett 94 XI. Special Problems in Evangelism Frank Rawlinson 116 XII. Changes in Chinese Church............T. C. Ban 132 XIII. Support op Christian Work Compared with that op Chinese Ceremonies and Practices..............................A.J. Bowen 138 .XIV. The Growth of Intercommunion ...A. R. Kepler 144 PART IV* MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES. XV. The Present Strength, Distribution and Age op the Missionary Body .........S.J.Mills 151 XVI. Tendencies in Mission Policy as Shown in Mission Reports op 1925 Warren H. Stuart 154 XVII. The Changing Function op the Missionary Logan H. Roots 162 XVIII. Missionary Work as Seen at the Institute op Pacific Relations ...............E. J. Stuckey 174 XIX. The Relation of Mission and Church E. C. Lobenstine 178 XX. Critical Moments in the History of Chris- tianity in China ...............H. F. MacNair 196 PART V. EDUCATION AND STUDENTS* XXI...”
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“...Evangelistic Work in Colleges and Univer- sities.......................................T. L. Shen 274 XXVIII. National Association for the Advancement of Education ..............................P. Ling 281 XXIX. The China Foundation for the Promotion of Education and Culture........................... 289 PART VI. SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS. XXX. The Public Attitude to Labor in China J. B. Tayler 296 XXXI. Cooperative Credit in China ......Y. S. Djang 303 XXXII. Reforming Farm Life............John H. Reisner 308 XXXIII. China Famine Fund Balance Committee John H. Reisner 315 XXXIV. Recent Anti-Opium Activities K. T. Chung and Garfield Huang 326 PART VII. MEDICAL AND HEALTH WORK. XXXV. Medical Missions 1925 and After James L. Maxwell 339 XXXVI. The Nurses' Association of China Nina D. Gage 351 XXXVII. Modern Chinese Physicians and Practice Wu Lien Teh 355 PART VIII. LITERATURE. XXXVIII. Main Tendencies in Literary Circles William Hung 364 XXXIX. New Trends in Literature......J. Wesley Shen...”
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“...viii contents Chapter Page XLII. Chinese Christian Publications, 1925, Li- brary op the National Christian Council 399 XLII I. Some Classified Devotional and Inspira- tional Literature with Annotations 418 XLIY. Philosophical and Religious Thought in- China.................................F. R. Millican 423 PART IX. OBITUARIES, 470 PART X. APPENDICES. I. Amended Constitution op the Kwangtung Divisional Council op the Church op Christ in China...................................... 474 II. Resolutions op National Students' Union in re Christianity....................................... 480 III. Actions of Mission Organizations in re Ex- trality and toleration clauses ............ 483 IV. Notes on Missionary Property Titles in China ...........................A. L. Warnshuis 535...”
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“...CONTRIBUTORS (FIGURES IN PARATHESES INDICATE DATES OF FIRST ARRIVAL IN CHINA) Page Balme, Harold, F.R.C.S., D.P.H., L.R.C.P. (1906) Missionaries and Special Privilege. English Baptist. President, Shantung Christian Uni- versity. Formerly Vice-Chairman, National Christian Council ........................ 25 Barnett, Eugene E., B.A. (1910) Cooperative Christian, Activities in China in 1925. Methodist Episcopal Church, South. Foreign Depart- ment, National Council Y.M.C.A.s of U.S. and Canada. Secretary, National Committee, Y.M.C.A.s of China ... 94 Bau, T. C. Changes in Chinese Church. Hangchow Baptist Church. Secretary, Chekiang-Shang- hai Baptist Convention............ ... ... 132 Bowen, Arthur John, B.A., L.L.D. (1897) Support of Christian Work Compared Vith that of Chinese Ceremonies and Practices. Economic Status of Christian Schools and Economic Strength of China. Methodist Episcopal. President, University of Nanking. 138,253 Chen, L. T., B.A. (Yale) China's Position at the Institute...”
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“...X CONTRIBUTORS Page Djang, Y. S., B.A. (Cornell) Cooperative Credit in China. Acting Executive Secretary, China International Famine Relief Commission .................. 303 Fong F. Sec, B.L., M.A., LL.D. Recent Developments in Chinese Government Education. Cantonese Union Church, Shanghai. Chief English Editor, The Commercial Press. Chairman, National Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China. President, Chinese Y.M.C.A., Shanghai. President, Daily Vacation Bible Schools of China. Vice-President, The Chinese Mission to Lepers ........................ 236 Gage, Nina D., M.A., R.N. (1908) The Nurses' Association of China. Yale Foreign Missionary Society. Dean, Hunan-Yale School of Nursing, Changsha. Chairman, Education Committee, Nurses' Association of China. President, International Council of Nurses. Member of Council on Hospital Administration, China Medical Association ... 351 Heeren, J. J., M.A., B.D., Ph.D. (1911) Some Historical Points Concerning the So-Called 'Unequal Treaties.' American Presbyterian...”
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“...(1898) Christianity in the Treaties Between China and Other Nations. The Relation of Mission and Church. American Presbyterian, North. Secretary of the National Christian Council, Shanghai ... ... 51, 178 MacNafr, Harley Farnsworth, Pb.D. (1912) The Protestant Christian Movement and Political Events. Critical Moments in the History of Christianity in China. American Church Mission. Professor of History and Government, St. John's University, Shanghai ...... 1, 196 Maxwell, James L., -M.D., B.S. (London' University) (1901) Medical Missions 1925 and After. English Presbyterian. Secretary, China Medical Asso- ciation. Editor, China Medical Journal ... ... ... 339 Miao, C. S., A.B., M.A., Ph.D., B.D. Experiments in Religious Education. North # Shanghai Baptist Church. Secretary of the Council of Religious Education, China Christian Educa- tional Association............ ......... 242 MHlfcan, F. RB.A. (1907) Philosophical and Religious Thought tn China. American^ Presbyterian, North. Principal...”
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“...xii Page Reid, Gilbert M. A:, D.D. (1882) Trends in China's Religious Life. PriesbyWian Church of China. Director, International Institute of China..................... 71 Reisner, Jotih H., B.A.; MIS.A. (1914) Reforming Farm Life. China Famine Fund Balance Committee. American Presbyterian, North. Co-Dean, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Nanking, and Co-Director of Agricultural Experimental Stations. 308, 315 Roots, Bishop Logan H., M.X., D.D, (1896) The Changing Function of the Missionary. American Church Mission. Bishop, Hankow District. Hon. Secretary, National Christian Council ...... 162 Shen, T. L., B.S. Evangelistic Work in Colleges and Universities. Allen Memorial Church, Shanghai. Student Secretary, National Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China.......... 274 Shen, J;"Wesley, B.D; New Trends in Literature. Methodist, South. Acting General Secretary, National Christian Literature Society ... ............ 370 Stuart; Warren H.,; B.A,, M.A., B.D;, D.D. (1907) Tendencies...”
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“...contributors xiii Page Tsii, Y. Y., P.D., MA., Ph.D. The Greek Orthodox Church in China. Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui. Secretary of Religious Work, Peking Union Medical College. Member of Clergy of Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui, Diocese of North China........................... 89 "Wallace, Edward Wilson, B.A., M.A., B.D.> D.D. (1906) Christian Education in 1925. Canadian Methodist. Associate General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association......... 224 Wamshuis, Rev. A. L., D,D. Notes on Missionary Prop- erty Titles in China. Sometime missionary to China in connection with the Reformed Church in Amoy: sometime Evangelistic Secretary of the China Continuation Committee: now a secretary of the International Missionary Council ... 535 Woo, Y. K. The Present Chinese Attitude Towards Christianity. Methodist, South. Executive Secretary, Publication Department, National Committee, Y.M.C.A. of China ... 80 Wu, Lien Teh, M. A., M.D. (Cambridge) LL.D., Sc.D. Modern Chinese Physicians and Practice...”
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“...PRESENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHINA CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT. Interpretative Introduction Editor. The China Christian' Movement is in a state of flux. Its appearance varies with the angle from which it is viewed. For the nonce its problems stand out more than its achievements. Wide- spread and intense mental activity obscures to some extent other phases of Christian activity. Change is writ large over much of Christian work. Just what the changes will be none would dare prophesy. Looked at from the viewpoint of its environment everything is chaotic. China's political future eannot be forecast with any certainty. China has not yet found her political mind. The Christian Movement is the recipient of criticism from merchant -Westerner in China and from the Chinese, both within and without the Church. Critical scrutiny is the keynote of the general public attitude towards the Christian Church. Never- theless the situation shows signs of promise. For in spite of the chaotic environment and the flood...”
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“...cannot safely generalize as to their characteristics and possibilities. What is said hereafter, therefore, as to the characteristics of the Christian Movement in China will concern itself of necessity mainly with those of the articulate Chinese Christian group. Two Two tendencies mark this articulate group Tendencies of of Chinese Christians. In the first place they Articulate are self-conscious. This heads up in a desire Christians self-determining. In the second place ris ans there is a movement towards reorganization of thought and work: this is still mainly a matter of mental readjustment. Independent Chinese Church movements seem to be on the increase. During 1925 a large number of Christian Unions sprang up, mainly with a view to the organization of Christian public opinion with regards to present treaty issues. In South China particularly the reorganization of Christian work under pressure from Chinese Christians has made rapid progress. All these are signs of the new articulation of...”
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“...XXviii CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT inarticulate mass also. For this reason we said that the future of the Christian Church in China must be measured in terms of the group of articulate and live Christians. This beginning of the articulation of the Factors11111611 Chinese Christian forces is in large part due to certain factors in the changing environ- ment. The Christian Church has in many places been subjected to tremendous environmental pressure. Under such circumstances readjustment was inevitable. Of some of these factors it is well to remind ourselves. May30 The events of May 30 (1925) in Shanghai have been called China's 14 Boston Tea Party/' The sequel at Canton in June is an occurrence of similar import. No matter how Westerners may interpret or explain these events, the fact remains that they served as a reagent to precipitate and crystallize the Chinese nationa- listic spirit. In this process of crystallization the mind of the Chinese Christians participated. The rapidity...”
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“...taught is their Christian privilege. In addition China is trying to fit into a changing world. The political and social flux that is whirling around within China is part of a world flux outside. One result of this external pressure to ChrSian Work ^e Christian Church in China is Shifting subjected, and the impulse to self-direction within the heart of the Chinese Church itself, is that the focus of Christian work in China has shifted. The driving impulse of Christian work in China has until quite recently had its source and base in the West. That was unavoidable. The hope of those who have given lavishly to set up the Christian Religion in China has been that its moving impulse would find its center in China. The process of centering Christian work in China has been going on for a long time. It is not too much to say that the events of the last year or two have made this hope a reality. The fulcrum of Christian work in China is now in China. It is true that until the inarticulate mass also...”
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“...Chinese Christian mind is beginning to express itself. Western Christian workers in China are endeavoring to ascertain what that mind is. Slowly, but none the less surely, the Chinese Christian heart is realizing its own direct responsibility to God. In line with the above are the efforts of Western Christian leaders to ascertain along what lines Chinese Christian leaders think the Christian Church should move. One retarding factor is the absence of any comprehensive coordinating objective in the mind of all Christian workers in China. Such an objective cannot be suddenly produced. And we may expect that the Christian Movement in China will move somewhat slowly until the Chinese Christian mind has found itself, the Western Christian understands that mind and both together find a coordinating objective. It is not part of the purpose of this article to attempt to forecast that objective. Christian work in China then, taken as Condition of a whle probably been slowed up Christian Workas a result...”
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“...sweeping all over the world. It indicates perhaps a more careful weighing of the Christian Message, which in turn promises a greater depth of conviction when that Message is finally accepted. Educational work has felt more than any Educational other tyPe of Christian work in China the Work present waves of criticism and nationalism. This is perhaps due to the facts that schools are an important opinion-forming factor, that the Chinese are more vitally interested in education than in religion as such and that in the mission schools extra-national influences are felt in essentially extra- nationalistic and contrasting types of education. Further- more, the students have been the main strength of the nationalistic movement in China. The churches, on the other hand, are much less under foreign control than the schools. For a while after the agitations of 1925 it looked as though Christian schools would suffer tremendously. Actually the number of students in...”
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“...studying and whose major interest was agitation. Ncw, Various and numerous educational organiza- Regulations tions have passed resolutions anent the position of Christian education. As a result the Ministry of Education passed certain r_ew regulations for schools which were intended to settle the position of u private n schools, to which class Christian schools belong. These new educational regulations embodied two major aims. (1) The securing of educational autonomy, or the control of schools in China by Chinese. With this legitimate Chinese desire Christian workers generally found it easy to get into accord. Having the majority of school board members Chinese and having a Chinese president or vice-president who might act as the intermediary between Chinese educational authorities and Christian schools when needed, were requirements the missionaries found little difficulty with. (2). The second major emphasis, that of a clear-cut separation between religious instruction and education as such...”
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“...to the minimum. In schools at least it reduces religious propaganda to personal influences mainly and to voluntary cooperative study of Christian truth and. books. This is, of course, a new situation that calls for a new approach to the whole problem of religious education. To solve it calls for creative experimentation. . Medical work, though the most philan- IvLdlcaTVorfc fc^roPic in intent and the least propaganda in method, has yet received some of the hardest blows the radical elements in China have struck at Christian work. The long established Canton Hospital and the Southern Baptist Hospital at Wuchow, Kwangsi, were forced to close. A Christian doctor was forced out of Kung Yee Hospital, Canton, even after assurances that changes in...”