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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1926 (FOURTEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION" YEAR BOOK) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the Direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council Rev. K. T. Chung Dr. D. W. Lyon Rev. E. H. Cressy Dr. D. MacGillivray Miss Lily Haas Dr. J. L Maxwell Rev. Carleton Lacy Dr. W. W. Peter Dr. R. Y. Lo Dr. E. W. Wallace Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Miss Helen Thoburn EDITOR Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Editor, Chinese Recorder. SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY J 926...”
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“...PREFACE rpiiE China "Mission" Year Book appears tliis jrear as the China JL "Christian" Year Book. This change of titte is indicative of a change in emphasis. Up till recently., tlie Christian Movement in China has, of necessity, been mission'-centHg. It is now becoming China Christian-centric. This process of change has not proceeded very far nor does it move very'fast when all phases and types of Christian work in China are considered. Nevertheless a new fulcrum for Christian work in China is being placed in position. Adjustment thereto is proceeding as rapidly as possible. This year the Editorial Board has attempted to i nclude-more articles of a general and survey type than formerly. Success in this regard is not all that was planned or desired. Tile Christian Movement is somewhat less coherent than it was a few years ago. To this must be added the influence of the social and political upheaval apparent everywhere but particularly in those centres which feel most the impact of the West...”
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“...vice-principal with Chinese principal ...' ...... ...... ... ... 423 Mills, S. J., A.B. (1911) The Present Strength, Distribution, and Age of the Missionary Body. American Presbyterian, North. Dean of Department of Missionary Training, University of Nanking,'Nanking... 151 Rawlmson, Frank, M.A., D.D. (1902) Present Charac- teristics of the China Christian Movement. Special Problems in Evangelism. Some Books and Articles on China (English). . A.B.C.F.M. Editor, The Chinese Recorder and China Christian Year Book ............ XIV, 116, 380...”
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“...Chinese Church itself, is that the focus of Christian work in China has shifted. The driving impulse of Christian work in China has until quite recently had its source and base in the West. That was unavoidable. The hope of those who have given lavishly to set up the Christian Religion in China has been that its moving impulse would find its center in China. The process of centering Christian work in China has been going on for a long time. It is not too much to say that the events of the last year or two have made this hope a reality. The fulcrum of Christian work in China is now in China. It is true that until the inarticulate mass also puts its hands to the lever it may wabble somewhat. Neverthe- less the impulse to the Christianization of China is now to some extent a Chinese impulse. The Chinese Church is indigenous to the extent that the Christian impulse now moves within the Christian Church in China, The Chinese...”
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“...Six characteristics of christian movement Christian schools did decrease and the number in government schools go up during the year. Intensively, however, the work in Christian schools seems to have benefited by the weeding out of a considerable number of students whose lesser interest was studying and whose major interest was agitation. Ncw, Various and numerous educational organiza- Regulations tions have passed resolutions anent the position of Christian education. As a result the Ministry of Education passed certain r_ew regulations for schools which were intended to settle the position of u private n schools, to which class Christian schools belong. These new educational regulations embodied two major aims. (1) The securing of educational autonomy, or the control of schools in China by Chinese. With this legitimate Chinese desire Christian workers generally found it easy to get into accord. Having the majority of school board members Chinese and having a Chinese president or vice-president...”
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“...XXviii CHARACTERISTICS OF CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT National Christian Council. This latter organization is still assisted financially by the National Christian Council. It has recently worked out a five-year program and most of the anti-opium activities are now in the hands of this Chinese organization. Neither the Industrial Commission nor the National Anti-Opium Association has yet succeeded in organizing in any adequate way the forces within the Christian Church. It is, however, true that Chinese Christians generally have responded more freely to the Anti-Opium Movement than to the movement for industrial reform. The raison d'etre of the latter is more apparent to the Chinese than that of the former, for to some extent anti-narcotic ideals are indigenous. Christian industrial ideals, however, have yet to be developed. So far it has been possible for Christians to put forth effort along industrial lines in a small number of centers only. For these reasons it is easier to secure Chinese support...”
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“...to the improvement of educational methods and second, in regards to the increase of educational facilities. In all this educational reorganization Christian educators are taking a prominent part. IncJ. The Anti-Opium Campaign now in the Organizations hands of the National Anti-Opium Associa- tion is embarking on a large scale educational effort also. It is concentrating on the. building up of an informed public opinion as the only means whereby this evil can be effectually subdued. Within the year a national organization has been set up for dealing with the problem of leprosy in China, which has its own Chinese secretary. Modern trained Chinese doctors are also beginning to make their efforts felt. They have their...”
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“...the rapid momentum now being attained by devolution. By "de- volution I understand the passing over of Christian work to Chinese leadership. This devolution, of course, is appaiYear i'Rook there was only one Chinese writer. In this issue Nearly fifty percent of the articles are contributed by Chinese-Christians. This growing expression and influence of the (-Jhinese Christian mind is the most marked evidence of the iapid acceleration of devolution now going on. In South China, particularly in Canton and Swatow (among the-Baptists), the Chinese Christian mind has become the dominating factor. The necessary readjustments by the...”
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“...military ft is not to summarize the political events themselves or to comment upon them except as they have to do with the Christian movement of the present day. It may at first sight appear not a little absurd, if not impertinent, for one whose work is done within the shadow of the largest treaty port in China to attempt the presentation of a topic having to do with China as a whole. So it appeared to the writer when he was asked to undertake the task: only the suggestion by the editor of the Year Book that a questionnaire be sent to various centres so that first hand information might be obtained, overcame the writer's reluctance to undertake the sum- mary. The main sources for the paper are, accordingly, some forty-five answers received from more than a dozen of the twenty-one provinces. In addition various newspaper accounts, which have not always been accredited at their face value, and certain materials which have within recent months appeared in The Chinese Recorder have been used...”
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“...a student of history, was to be found in the ways in which writers from the same area would differ in their estimates of, for example, the effects of the disturbed conditions upon Christian work in their area. The element of relativity was very strong as a rule; if sweeping statements occur hereafter, the reader is advised to bear in mind this introductory statement. Effect on Christian Work in your area been Religious Work affected one way or another by the political situation during the past year? If so, specifically how? To judge from the reports current in foreign and native newspapers and magazines, as well as the remarks one hears constantly of the upset conditions to be found all over China, one would expect that this question would have been answered almost unanimously in the affirmative. As a matter of fact more than one-fourth of the replies indicated that religious work had been affected very little or not at all. One writer from Laian Hsien in Anhwei said: We are a small conservative...”
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“...CHAPTER II MISSIONARIES AND SPECIAL PRIVILEGE Harold Balme Significant mos^ burning questions in China jssae during the past year, in relation to the work of missions, has been that of Treaty Rights and Special Privilege. Until comparatively recent years, this problem never came within the range of public consciousness. The great majority of missionaries went out to China with little or no thought that they would be participants in special rights not usually accorded to residents in a foreign country, and with no desire to occupy a privileged position. Various factors have, however, now helped to focus attention upon this question, and the outcry against the unequal treaties", as they are commonly called, is spreading through the whole country. The Anti-Christian Movement, and other kindred organisations, have openly attacked missions on the score of their association with these treaties, and have accused them of exerting a denationalising influence upon their converts, whom they stigmatise...”
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“...missionaries and special privilege 3lb 1. That conditions in the interior are such that mission work still requires, for its prosecution, the additional protection afforded by the treaties. Although usually stated in this form, the experience of the past year would suggest that missionary work in the interior, during a period of acute anti-foreign sentiment, has not necessarily been more difficult or more dangerous than on the coast, in fact it would almost appear as if the centers where foreign treaty rights were most in evidence have been the chief points of attack. Apart from this, however, it is perfectly clear that neither extra-territoriality nor any other special privilege has provided immunity against such risk, and so long as these non-reciprocal advantages continue to be a source of irritation and resentment to a powerful section of Chinese opinion, there is every reason to fear that they may be more of a danger than a protection. The real protection of missionaries and their...”
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“...to any modification of this growing demand. So long as these unilateral treaties remain, the special privileges enjoyed by foreigners, to which China has no re- ciprocal equivalent, will continue to be a cause of irritation and resentment. The question of the advisability of resting the special rights of missions upon treaties whose continued existence is regarded by many Chinese as a sign of national humiliation is therefore liable to become more acute, rather than less, with each succeeding year. 3. That this vhole question of Treaty revision is a political matter, in ivhich missionaries, by the nature of their calling, should take no part. This argument, in my opinion, fails to take sufficient count of two important points. In the first place, missionaries, like all other foreign residents, are in actual enjoyment of these special privileges, some of which are not even enjoyed by their fellow-nationals; and now that their retention is challenged by the public opinion of an influential...”
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“... however, a question of expediency but of principle, and where a spiritual principle is concerned, the Church in the past has never been deterred by considerations of danger. The fundamental question is as to whether the. surrender of special privilege is the right and Christian course to follow. It is in the strong conviction that this is the case that the missionary organizations, and a vast number of missionaries who share this view, have now taken action. tSee Appendix II, China Christian Year Book, 1926....”
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“...58 christianity in tpie treaties 15. United States, Treaty of 1908. At "Forefga last' in 1903' in the Sino-American treaty Rights." pp. that year, an express treaty right was 200-201 granted, not to individuals, but to Mission- ary Societies" to rent or lease in perpetuity lands and buildings for their missionary purposes in all parts of the Empire. Article XIV of that treaty, after repeating substantially the provision of Article XXIX of the Treaty of 1858, provides: "No restrictions shall be placed on Chinese joining Christian churches. Converts and non-converts, being Chinese subjects, shall alike conform to the laws of China, and shall pay due respect to those in authority, living together in peace and amity; and the fact of being converts shall not protect them from the consequences of any offence they may have committed before or may commit after their admission into the church, or exempt them from paying legal taxes levied on Chinese subjects generally, except taxes levied and c...”
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“...for carrying on their good work." MacMurry, 18. Memorial of the Ministry for Foreign "Treaties and Affairs, and Imperial Rescript, in regard to the Agreements." Revision oj th- Procedure Governing Intercourse p*7*7 between the Local Officials and Missionaries. March 12, 1908. " A memorial was presented by the former Tsung Li Yamen, enclosing five articles on the subject of intercourse between the local officials and missionaries, which was approved by an imperial rescript, dated Kuang Hsu, 25th Year, 2nd Month, 5th day (March 16,1899),...”
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“...accordingly petition the Throne to cancel the memorial of the Tsung Li Yamen. In future the intercourse between the local officials and the missionaries should be carried on as before, in accordance with the treaties. " When the Throne has approved this memorial, this hoard will communicate with the different provinces that they may issue instructions to have the memorial observed. "Reverently submitted to Their Majesties, the Empress Dowager and the Emperor. "RESCRIPT: Approved. Kuang Hsu, 34th Year, 2nd Month, 10th day (March 12, 1908) 19. Chinese Imperial Edict for Protection of Missions> October 1, 1917....”
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“...RELIGIOUS LIFE Gilbert Reid Timely Book ^ valuable book, dealing not only with the Christian movement in China but with other religious movements, and giving information applicable to present conditions, is "The Quest for God in China " by Rev. F.W.S.O'Neill of the Irish Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria. This book is based on lectures delivered by Mr. O'Neill at the Belfast Theological College in 1925. Ant. During the last year foreign missionaries, Movemsnts as distinct from Chinese Christians, have experienced greater intensity of antagonism than in any other year for the last few decades of the missionary cause in China. If the antagonism is not greater than that of past years, it has at least been more wide-spread and has presented new aspects of thought and action difficult of approach on the part of the missionary body and the home societies. There has been a mixture of opposition that may be described as anti-Christian, anti-religious, anti-foreign, anti-imperialism and anti-capitalism...”
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“...Mr. S. A. Hardoon. A feature of Buddhism that has always existed is meditation. Last summer a 11 retreat?? was held at the home of a prominent Chinese merchant in Shanghai. An East-Asian Buddhist Conference took place in Tokyo. Buddhism has thus adopted the preach- ing-hall idea of Christians, while retaining the "silence" method inherent in both Buddhism and Taoism. Buddhism as found in Tibet is of both the Lamaof Southern and Northern schools but lacks Tibet intellectuality. During the last year it has secured renewed interest among the Chinese and especially Mongols by the visit to Peking of the Tashi...”
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“...religions, though standing aloof from those who are zealous and iconoclastic. Mission to the examP^e mutual toleration, sympathy Buddhists respect is that of the Mission to Buddhists carried on in Nanking by a Norwegian mis- sionary, Rev. Karl Reichelt. He left last year on a brief furlough, but the work continues in the care of others until his own return during the present year. IsIam The Moslems in China, like the Buddhists, have no national organization, but by custom and tradition they are a compact body by themselves and are zealous for the faith. A minority are inclined to be liberal towards Christianity, more than to Buddhists and Taoists, who are looked upon as idol-worshippers. This liberal spirit during the last year has been counterbalanced by a new form of exclusiveness, which is more political than religious. As the Republic and its flag represent a union of five races, of which the followers of Mohammed are one, the idea has sprung up in different quarters of insisting on a...”