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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1926 (FOURTEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION" YEAR BOOK) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the Direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council Rev. K. T. Chung Dr. D. W. Lyon Rev. E. H. Cressy Dr. D. MacGillivray Miss Lily Haas Dr. J. L Maxwell Rev. Carleton Lacy Dr. W. W. Peter Dr. R. Y. Lo Dr. E. W. Wallace Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Miss Helen Thoburn EDITOR Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Editor, Chinese Recorder. SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY J 926...”
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“...West and are most easily affected by revolutionary influences. School work has been more disturbed than any other type of work. In view, therefore, of the excep- tional difficulties abounding special thanks are due to the many writers and friends who assisted in the preparation < f the articles in this Year Book. Especially do we appreciate the generous help of those who answered a number of questionaries sent out by different writers. In this Year Book a number of features stand out which need only be mentioned here. (1) The outstanding characteristic of the Christian Movement and its present environment is a changing mind. As a result a considerable proportion of space in this Year Book is given up to opinions on the present situation and existing problems. These opinions, however, have their source in experience that is widely scattered and in close contact with "interior" as well as "port city" conditions. Opinions, however, stand out in this volume rather more than programs or achievements...”
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“...l with Chinese principal ...' ...... ...... ... ... 423 Mills, S. J., A.B. (1911) The Present Strength, Distribution, and Age of the Missionary Body. American Presbyterian, North. Dean of Department of Missionary Training, University of Nanking,'Nanking... 151 Rawlmson, Frank, M.A., D.D. (1902) Present Charac- teristics of the China Christian Movement. Special Problems in Evangelism. Some Books and Articles on China (English). . A.B.C.F.M. Editor, The Chinese Recorder and China Christian Year Book ............ XIV, 116, 380...”
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“...missionaries. They seem to think of the Christian appeal as being one of personal influences only and this embodied primarily in attractive lives. (4) They seem also to desire greater freedom in expressing their Christian faith through literature than many of their Western colleagues feel it safe to permit. (5) There is also a decided tendency among educated Chinese Christians to relate Christianity to and attempt to express it in terms of China's own religious experience and genius. For instance, a book has recently appeared in Chinese with the title, "The Idea of God in Chinese History." The author is Mr. Wong Yeh Sing of Nanking Theological Seminary. He shows what the best Chinese ideas of God have been, indicates their similarity to Christian ideas and urges that such ideas must be recognized and utilized by Christians...”
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“...military ft is not to summarize the political events themselves or to comment upon them except as they have to do with the Christian movement of the present day. It may at first sight appear not a little absurd, if not impertinent, for one whose work is done within the shadow of the largest treaty port in China to attempt the presentation of a topic having to do with China as a whole. So it appeared to the writer when he was asked to undertake the task: only the suggestion by the editor of the Year Book that a questionnaire be sent to various centres so that first hand information might be obtained, overcame the writer's reluctance to undertake the sum- mary. The main sources for the paper are, accordingly, some forty-five answers received from more than a dozen of the twenty-one provinces. In addition various newspaper accounts, which have not always been accredited at their face value, and certain materials which have within recent months appeared in The Chinese Recorder have been used. The...”
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“...signing of the treaty, he found that amongst the missionaries there was as much disappoint- ment as gratification, for the hopes of everyone had been raised to an undue and exaggerated height by the rumours which preceded us."* It would seem therefore to be a somewhat untenable position to suggest that missionaries may enjoy for fifty or sixty years special privileges secured through meddling in politics," but may take no steps fFor the "Toleration Clauses" see Chaf>ter V, China Christian Year Book, 1926. *Life & Letters of S. Wells Williams, page 281....”
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“...however, a question of expediency but of principle, and where a spiritual principle is concerned, the Church in the past has never been deterred by considerations of danger. The fundamental question is as to whether the. surrender of special privilege is the right and Christian course to follow. It is in the strong conviction that this is the case that the missionary organizations, and a vast number of missionaries who share this view, have now taken action. tSee Appendix II, China Christian Year Book, 1926....”
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“...PART II RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND ACTIVITY CHAPTER VI TRENDS IN CHINA'S RELIGIOUS LIFE Gilbert Reid Timely Book ^ valuable book, dealing not only with the Christian movement in China but with other religious movements, and giving information applicable to present conditions, is "The Quest for God in China " by Rev. F.W.S.O'Neill of the Irish Presbyterian Mission in Manchuria. This book is based on lectures delivered by Mr. O'Neill at the Belfast Theological College in 1925. Ant. During the last year foreign missionaries, Movemsnts as distinct from Chinese Christians, have experienced greater intensity of antagonism than in any other year for the last few decades of the missionary cause in China. If the antagonism is not greater than that of past years, it has at least been more wide-spread and has presented new aspects of thought and action difficult of approach on the part of the missionary body and the home societies. There has been a mixture of opposition that may be described as anti-Christian...”
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“...have been eclectic or syncretic, first as to China's three religions and now, as more commonly called, of five religions. As in India there are several reforming Reli ious movements called Samaj, so in China Groups Among similar movements are called a Hui, or a the Chinese Sheh, or a Yuan. There is, however, a difference. In India these societies deal with Hindooism; in China, with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and to a lesser degree with Islam and Christianity. In the 4'China Mission Year Book" for 1924 I made reference to nine of these Societies. Only three of them...”
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“...needs to ask here, what should be the attitude of Christians towards such coopera- tion ? The Reforma- ^ 'Attitudes this attitude is by far tive Attitude the most important. The number who share this attitude may be quite limited, but scat- tered over all the churches in the country like brilliant stars 011 a dark night, they are destined to mould the whole fabric of Christianity and of the Christian Church in China in the future. They are in perfect accord with George Santayana, who says in his book entitled, "Reason in Religion," The Life of Reason is the seat of all ultimate values, to which every thing in the world should be subordinated." He states further, The Life of Reason makes right eternally different from wrong. Religion does the same thing. It makes absolute moral decisions." In the light of this conviction they hold that many of the Christian beliefs and practices need to be revised, but they believe at the same time that the fundamental Christian truth has a permanent and vital...”
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“... The Shanghai Missionary Association refused to make any such pronouncement though asked to do so by a local body of Chinese Christians and urged to do so by a group of its own members. In some cities, as in Nanking and Yunnanfu, missionary associations have chosen to dis- continue their separate existence, so as to join forces with a more inclusive church council. A similar course is being considered in other cities. In Taiyuanfu the missionaries have organized during the year a book club for cooperative book buying and reading. Pastors'Unions A goodly number of cities also report pastors7 unions, uniting usually the pastors of all or most of the denominations in the city. It is interesting'to note, however, that the same denominations which fail to participate through their missionaries in missionary associations are also, found unrepresented by their Chinese workers in pastors unions. The aims of the pastors' associations are very similar to those of the mis- sionary associations, with...”
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“...fact that, however divided the Christian Church may be in China in matters of " faith and order," Christian churches and individuals of almost all denominational affiliations are finding themselves drawn together in cooperative enterprises of many different lines. In a number of cities this cooperation has been placed on a more or less permanent and comprehensive basis through the organization of local federations. Dr. Henry T. Hodgkin, in an article published in last year's China Mission Year Book, reported...”
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“...World Missionary Atlas (1925) lists 138 societies working in China, the Directory of Protestant Missions (1925) lists 200 different organizations. This would seem to explain in part why the Atlas gives the total number of missionaries in 1925 as 7,663, the Directory as 8,158. Since 1918, 11 missions have disappeared, 7 missions have joined with other bodies and 21 new missions have been listed. Missions m^ssioris whose names have disappeared Discontinued from the list in the China Mission Year Book between 1918 and 1925 are as follows: (1) Angarrack Christian Mission (Japanese). (2) Baptist Missionary Association. (3) Christian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion. (This mission has recently resumed work in Shanghai). (4) Christian Faith Mission. (5) China New Testament Mission. (6) Grace Evangelical Missions. (7) Grace Mission. (8) Hildersheim Mission for Blind....”
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“...Institute Mission. (11) Pentecost Church of Nazerene. New Missions The following are missions that do not appear in the 1918 China Mission Year Book. I. Missions with stations dated later than 1918. Number of Missionaries (1) Good News' Mission 3 (2) Baptist China Direct Mission 11 (3) Bible Churchmen's Missionary Society 3 (4) Bible Mission 2 (5) Christian Mission to Buddhists 3 (6) Christian Reformed Mission 12 (7) Hephzibah Faith Mission 8 (8) Krinmen Mennonite Brethren 5 (9) Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Protestant Church 2 (10) Missionary Society of Orebro 10 (11) Pai-Hsiang Mission 2 (12) Pentecostal Holiness Mission 9 (13) South China Peniel Holiness Missionary Society 7 (14) South Yunnan Mission 6 (15) Tibetan Forward Mission 4 (16) Tibetan Tribes' Mission 2 II. Missions whose names appear in the China Mission Year Book since 1918, but with some stations given as having been established earlier than 1918. (1) Church of Nazerene 22 (2) Evangelical Lutheran Mission...”
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“...shared in this increase. A e Of the 8,158 missionaries in the 1925 ge Directory, 4,647, or 56%, came out to China before or during 1918: 44% of the present missionary staff, therefore, arrived in China during the last seven years. It was reported to the National Christian Con- ference that 50% of the missionaries had arrived.in China during the previous ten years. The turnover in missionary personnel appears to be rather large. Of the total force, 1,306 or 16%, are ordained. According to the 1925 book, 1,392 people, or 17%, were absent that year from China. In 1925, there were 562 single men, or 6-4/5% of the total; this is only slightly in excess of the percentage reported to the National Christian Conference. There are 2,548 single women, or 31-1/4% of the whole; this also is about the same as that reported in the survey volume. In 1925, 58 stations were staffed by women only and there were 29 stations staffed by women only in places where there were members of other missions: i.e. nearly...”
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“... Nanking, Hangchow, Hainan, etc., diplomas from mission schools have been stamped by provincial authorities a form of government recognition. One mission urges friendly welcome and facilities for all government inspectors visiting the Christian schools. Treaty Many missions and Chinese-foreign church Revision bodies* have expressed themselves openly in favor of revision, others have reserved their judgment for the Home Board, and others declined to pass *£ee Appendix III, China Christian Year Book, 1926,...”
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“...commercial interests of our country. If possible, we desire the official representa- tives of the United States to make these facts known to the Chinese Government. Further, we would express the hope that in the revised treaty these facts regarding the relation of missionaries to their governments be clearly stated." Literature This presents a knotty problem on which mission reports are generally silent. Of any large comprehensive policy there is little evidence only items about some particular book or writer. The need for more literature is keenly felt, and the subject has been much discussed in 44 retreats" for some years past. On the one hand, it is felt that organizations suppling the funds for publishing must hold themselves responsible for all ideas and points of view going out under their imprimatur. On...”
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“...brothers Polo reached Acre in Syria in April 1269, only to learn that there was a papal interregnum. Pope Clement IV had died in the preceding November and, owing to ecclesiastical politics, his successor, Gregory X, was not elected until almost three years later. Although the new Pope considered the Great Khan's request for missionaries "to be of great honour and advantage for the whole of Christendom," he was nevertheless able to send only two Preaching Friars with them on their return *The Book of Ser Marco Polo, Yule-Cordier edition (London, 1921) Vol. 1, pp. 13-14....”
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“...than have the Protestants. Had the leaders of these two branches of Christianity in China acted upon the injunction of the Founder of their religion, that they love one another, and that they may be one even as the Father and the Son are one, and had Christianity survived among them in its pristine purity, it is impossible to imagine a limit to what might have been accomplished by Christianity in China and Asia as a whole. That something of this was felt by the Archbishop of Soltania who wrote a book about the year 1330, entitled The Estate and Governance of the Grand Gaan is shown in his statement that "it is believed that if they (the Nestorians) would agree and be at one with the Minor Friars and with the other good Christians who dwell in that country, they would convert the whole country, and the emperor likewise to the true faith." But instead of co-operation in main- taining and spreading a religion pure and undefiled, we find mutual antagonisms and persecutions of the sharp- est on...”
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“...CHRISTIAN EDUCATION IN 1925 225 the recognition of schools maintained by foreign con- tributions," and with the complete failure, in all but a few places, of promised 44 anti-Christmas demonstrations."* Forces Back These startling events were the outcome of of Storm forces that had long been growing throughout the country. In the China Mission Year Book, 1925, Mr. Sanford Chen outlined these forces, which at the time that he wrote were already gathering toward the outbreak of the summer. They may be summed up as being actively anti-religious, anti-Christian, anti-foreign, and anti-existing-social-system. In the schools of the country the restiveness against authority, which had been so pronounced a feature for the past few years, became still more marked. Heretofore, Christian schools had suffered less than the government institutions, but in the wTinter of 1924-1925 a number of schools passed through periods of extreme difficulty when students revolted entirely against all control. This...”