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“...THE
CHINA MISSION
YEAR BOOK
1925
(THIRTEENTH ISSUE)
Edited by the National Christian Council under arrange-
ment with the Christian Literature Society for China
Editor
HENRY T* HODGKIN,
Secretary of the National Christian Council
SHANGHAI
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY
I92S...”
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Page iii
“...never have been completed.
The National Christian Council, under whose auspices
the China Mission Year Book is produced, does not of
course accept responsibility for the views of individual
writers. In dealing with such topics as the political situa-
tion or the state of the church it is inevitable that personal
bias enters in. Each writer is left perfectly free to express
his own views in his own way.
A few writers have been unable to produce the articles
asked for and in some cases promised. This means that
the plan of the Year Book as originally conceived has not
been fully carried out. The editor has been under the
necessity of filling in one or two gaps himself. Such as
remain will probably not be apparent to the reader. The
excellence of the material which is presented will, it is
hoped, compensate for any omissions. Two features
which have appeared in previous volumes, but not in...”
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Page iv
“...that the sections on New Publica-
tions in Chinese" and on 4bibliography of Books,
etc., dealing with China'7 for which readers of the
Year Book have previously looked to Mr. Clayton and
Dr. Rawlinson, respectively, could not be included this
year. On certain other subjects the reader may be referred
to previous Year Books, particularly that of 1924. On
such topics, for example, as Recent Religious Movements,
or in reporting some societies whose work is much the
same from year to year, it has not seemed necessary to
repeat what was well said a year ago.
The present editor is new to this work and only
undertook it reluctantly when it seemed that no one else
could be found for it. His conception of the service which
the Year Book may render is not that of a mere record of
events and statistics. His hope is that the reader may
gain a true impression of the inner life of the Church in
China and of the situation which it is facing to-day. In
order to gain this end different points of view are...”
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Page v
“...PREFACE
V
find much light on his problem in other sections than Part
IV, such as Parts VII, VIII and IX.
All readers, whatever their special interests, are urged
to read the first two parts which give the background
political, socialr, economic, religious, for the rest of the
book. Mr. Green's survey of the political situation and
Mr. Zia's study of the Anti-Christian Movement may
justly be singled out as of peculiar importance in this
connection.. In Dr. Bo wen's chapter we have an attempt
to show the significance of this background for the
Christian worker.
It is no easy matter to form an estimate of the true
state of the Church in China. The writers of the first five
articles in Part III have had peculiar opportunities for
studying the situation and have made it their business so
to do. The.net impression of their presentations, coupled
with a reading of the editor's article on evangelistic work,
should give a pretty fair picture of the case as far as it can
be gathered together and...”
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Page vi
“...workers in this field. The editor's hope was to have
presented an even richer variety.
I The Christian movement in China becomes less and less
' describable as the Missionary Movement. In almost every
problem the Chinese Church is a factor of growing
importance. The small Sixth Part may be taken as an
indication of the restricted field in which the missionaries,
as missionaries, are interested in any special way. Even
here the second article on the Missions Building might
better have been included in Part IV.
It is impossible to read Part VII without gaining
some sense of the extremely interesting and indeed
critical position now faced by the Christian educational
forces in China. This should be studied along with such
articles as those by William Hung and Miss MacNeil in
Part I and the two first articles in Part II. It is scarcely
too much to say that the future of missions in China will
be largely determined by decisions reached and policies
worked out in the educational field during the next...”
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Page vii
“...Part IX makes clear that the
Church in China is already keenly alive to the urgent
necessity of applying Christian principles in all depart-
ments of life, in the home, the factory, the country, and
so forth. Along with these chapters should be read Mr.
Reisner's article in Part III, and, as a background, the later
chapters in Part I. Much is being done in this field also
which cannot be adequately reported.
One important development in the literary world has
not found a place in the Year Book as it is yet too soon
to do more than merely refer to it. This is the formation
of a group of Chinese Christian writers as a result of two
retreats held last year. This group expects to produce a
steady stream of indigenous .literature and so greatly
strengthen the forces reported in the four articles included.
The reader who wishes to study further in this field is
referred to the 1924 Year Book where there is a good deal
of material not repeated this year.
The impressions the editor has gained in...”
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Page viii
“...RS xiii
PART L CHINA TO-DAY
CLapter Page
I. The Political Condition of China in 1924
0. M. Green 1
II. Main Tendencies in Literary Circles
William Hung 10
III. Changing Ideals Among Women
Eleanor MacNeil 14
IV. The Criminal Code and the Treatment op
Prisoners.............Thomas C. Blaisdell, Jr. 19
Y. The Labor Organizations and Their At-
titude Toward Socialism..........H. C. Shen 23
YI. The Labor Movement and Militarism
Thomas C. Blaisdell, Jr. 26
VII. China's New Treaties...............M. T. Z. Tyau 30
VIII. The Good Roads Movement.........Mr. Wu Shan 34
IX. The Boxer Indemnity (chart)........................ 40
PART II. RELIGIOUS THOUGHT AND ACTIVITY
' / X. Chinese Students and Religion To-day
Herman C. E. Liu 42
XI. The Anti-Christian Movement in China. A
Bird's-Eye View ........................N. Z. Zia 51
XII. The Effect of the Present Situation of
Public Affairs in China Upon the Work
of Missions. 1924...................A. J. Bowen 01
PART IIL THE CHURCH IN CHINA
THE PRESENT STATE...”
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Page ix
“...CONTENTS
ix
Chapter Page
XV. The Church in East China.......Edwin JVIarx. 75
XVI. The Church in South China.........A. J. Fisher 81
XVII. The Yearnings of the Chinese Church
It. T. Chung 86
XVIII. The Problem op the Church in Relation to
Rural Leadership...........John H. Reisner 9o
XIX. Self-supportIs it Growing?
James Maxon Yard 94
XX. Some Experiments in Devolution of Mission
Responsibility in the Northern Baptist
Mission in East Chinta............J. T. Proctor 97
XXI. Mission Devolution in North China. The
Question of Organization
Rowland M. Cross 103
XXII. The Value of the Retreat As a Method
Luella Miner 110
PART IV. COOPERATIVE MOVEMENTS IN CHINA
XXIII. The National Christian Council. A Bird's-
Eye View....................Henry T. Ilodgkin 115
XXIV. The Church of Christ in China
C. G. Sparliam 123
XXV. South Fukien United Preachers' Conference
T. Cocker Brown 130
XXVI. The First Chinese Christian Conference in
Hunan..........................J. A. 0. Gotteberg 135
XXVII. The Inter-Misston...”
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Page x
“...the Y. W. C. A.
Helen Thoburn 167
/ XXXII. The Work of the Committee on International
Relations op the National Christian
Council....................................T. C. Ciiao 173
PART V, EVANGELISTIC WORK
XXXIII. Review op the Evangelistic Work op the
CnuRcn in China and Study op Problems
Connected Therewith........H. T. Hodgkin
XXXIY. The Week op Evangelism...George A. Clayton
XXXY. Student Evangelism....................0. R. Magill
XXXYI. The Religious Policy at Yenching University
J. Leigliton Stuart
XXXVII. Evangelistic Work in Szechwan
H. J Openshaw
XXXVIII. Recent Efforts in Evangelism in the Me-
thodist Episcopal Mission......L. J. Birney
XXXIX. Recent Efforts in Evangelistic Work in the
American Baptist Foreign Mission Society
P. R. Bakeman
XL. Tent Evangelism in Shantung...Henry Payne
XLI. Evangelism in the North West
A. Mildred.Cable
XLII. The Korean Missionaries tn Shantung
0. A. Clark
XLIII. Mongolia.................................W. R. Stewart
PART VL MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES...”
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Page xi
“...Page
PART VII, THE EDUCATIONAL WORLD
/V XLIX. General Development of Education in China
Sanford C. 0. Chen 259
L. Organized Christian "Education
Edward Wilson Wallace 270
7 LI. Religious Education..........Henry T. Hodgkin 276
LII. The China Sunday School Union
E. G. Tewksbury 284
LIII. Summer School op Religious Education
S. J. Harrison 287
LIY. Physical Education in China...Vera Y. Barger* 291
LY. The Extension Department of the Shantung
Christian University.........Agnes S. Ingle 294
PART VIII. MEDICAL WORK
LYI. China Medical [Missionary] Association in
1925..............................James L. Maxwell 298
LVII. Council on Health Education.....W. W. Peter 303
LVIII. Nurses' Association of China
Miss Cora E. Simpson 306
LIX. A Survey of Leprosy in China........H. Fowler 309
LX. Medical Education in China, To-day
Edward H. Hume 318
PART IX. SOCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS
LXI. The Problem of the Home in China
Miss Y. J. Fan 324
LXII. The Fight Against Opium......E. C. Lobenstine 330
LXIII...”
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Page xii
“...xii
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
LXV. Commission on Social and Economic Reseracit
J. B. Tayler 353
LXVI. Mission Industries.........Helen Davis Chandler 356
LXVII. The International Institute op China
Gilbert Reid 360
LXVIII. The Floods op 1024..............Walter H. Mallory 363
PART X. LITERATURE
LXIX. Scripture Dissemination in 1924
G. W. Sheppard 369
LXX. Chief Publications in Chinese by Literature
and Tract Societies............John Darroch 374
LXXI. Christian Printing Presses in China
Gilbert Mcintosh 379
LXXI I. The Phonetic Promotion Committee
E. G. Tewksbury 390
PART XI. OBITURIES. 1923-24. Gilbert Mcintosh ...... 395...”
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Page xiii
“...M.C.A., Teacher of Sociology,
Yenching University; secretary Peking Y. M. C. A. ... 19, 26
Bowen, Rev. A. J4, B A., LL. D# (1897) The Effect of the
Present Situation of Public Affairs in China upon the
Work of Missions.
M. E., President of the University of Nanking ...... 61
Brown, Rev. T. Cocker, B. A., B. D (1907) The South Fukien
United Preachers' Conferfnce.
L. M. S., Church, evangelistic, and primary education in
Hwei-an, Fu...................... 130
Cable, A. Mildred (1902) Evangelism in the Northwest.
China Inland Mission. Evangelistic work and training
of the evangelistic band in northwest Kansu ... ... 220
Chandler, Robert E. (1911) Christian Missionaries and the
International ]System in China,...”
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Page xiv
“...XVlii
CONTRIBUTORS
Page
North China Mission, A. B. C. F. M., General Secretary
of the North China Kung Li Hui, 37 Kim Wei Lu, Hopei,
Tientsin ........................ 253
Chandler Helen D. (Mrs. R. E.) (1911) Mission Industries.
North China Mission of A. B. C. F. M., President National
Christian Industries Association, Hopei, Tientsin ... 356
Cfaao, Professor T C.t M. A., B. D. The Work op the Com-
mittee on International Relations op the National
Christian Council.
M. E. Church South, Dean of College of Arts and Sciences
of Soochow University, Soochow, Ku. ......... 173
Chen, Sanford C. CB. A*, M. A. The General Development
op Education in China.
M.E. Church, Associate General Secretary China Christian
Educational Association, Shanghai............ 259
Chang, Rev. K. T., B. A. The Yearnings op the Chinese
Church.
Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui. Secretary of National
Christian Council, Shanghai............... 86
Clark, Charles Allen, M. A,, D. D. (Korea, 1902) The Korean
Missionaries in Shantung...”
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Page xv
“...CONTRIBUTORS XV
Page
Fan, Yu Jung. The Problem op the Home in China.
American Board Mission. Secretary of the National
Christian Council, Shanghai............... 324
Fisher* Rev. A. J., D* D. (1902) The Present State op the
Church in South China.
American Presbyterian (North) Evangelistic and
Administrative work. Secretarial work in the Church of
Christ in China, Kwangtung Divisional Council. Canton 81
Fowler, Henry, M. D*, L R. C. P. & S. (1899) A Survey op
Leprosy in China.
Hon. Member L. M. S. Hon. Medical Adviser to the
International Mission to Lepers. Administrator for the
Far East, Shanghai .................. 309
Gotteberg, Rev* J. A. O. (1S96) The First Chinese Christian
Conference in Hunan.
N. M. S., Superintendent of N. M. S. in China, Changsha,
Hunan ........................ 135
Green, Owen Mortimer. (1907) The Political Condition op
China in 1924.
Editor North China Daily News since 1911. Shanghai... 1
Harrison, Rev. Samuel J., B. D. (1920) The Summer School
of Religious Education...”
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Page xvi
“...(1898) The Missions Building. The
Fight Against Opium.
Northern Presbyterian Mission. Secretary, National
Christian Council, Shanghai............ 238, 330
MacNeil, Eleanor (1915) Changing Ideals Among Women.
Y. W. C. A. Student Field Secretary, Kiangsu and
Chekiang ........................ 14
Maglll, Orrhi R., B. S. (1913) Student Evangelism.
Y. M. C. A. Executive Secretary, National Committee
Student Division, Shanghai ............... 191
Mallory, Walter H. (1921) Cooperative Credit in China.
The International Famine Relief Commission Program.
The Floods of 1924.
China International Famine Relief Commission, Ex-
ecutive Secretary, Peking ............ 349, 363
Marx, Edwin, A. B., B. D, (1918) The Present State^of the
Church in East China.
United Christian Missionary Society, Secretary, Treas-
urer, and Chairman of Administrative Committee,
Nanking, Ku...................... 75
Maxwell. James L., M.D. (1901) China Medical (Missionary)
Association in 1925.
English Presbyterian and C. M. M....”
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Page xvii
“...Devolution
op Mission Responsibility in the Northern Baptist
Mission in East China.
A. B. F. M. S. Secretary, East China Mission 97
Refd, Gilbert, A. M., D. D. The International Institute
of China.
Independent. Literary, social, and educational. Shanghai
and Peking........................ 360
Relsner, John H B. A., M. S. A. (1914) The Problem of the
Church in Relation to Rural Leadership.
Presbyterian North. Dean of the College of Agriculture
and Forestry, University of Nanking, Nanking ... ... 90
Roots, Mrs. L.H. (1899) Schools for Missionaries' Children.
American Church Mission, Hankow. Acting Principal
at Kuling American School, autumn of 1924 ...... 244
Shen, H. C., B. A., Pel Yang University. The Labor Organ-
izations and Their Attitude Toward Socialism.
Formerly edited "The Ladies' Star" and "The
Woman's Daily." Teaches in a private girls' school in
Tientsin ........................ 23
Sheppard, Rev. W. (1898) Scripture Dissemination in 1924.
B. F. B. S., Secretary for China, Shanghai...”
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Page xviii
“...op
Christ in China.
L. M. S., Secretary of the China Advisory Council of the
L. M. S., Shanghai .................. 123
Spurling, Edith (1900) The Missionary Home.
Proprietress of the Missionary Home, Shanghai ... 250
Stanley, Rev. Charles A., B. A., B.D., D.D. (1904)aTHE Present
State op The Church in North China.
American Board Mission, Tientsin ... 72
Stewart, William R. (1910) Mongolia.
Executive Secretary, Student Work, National Y. M. C. A.
Wuchang, Hup...................... 228
Stuart, John Leighton, B. A., B. L. H., D. D. (1904) The
Religious Policy at Yenciiing University.
Presbyterian U.S., (South) President Yenching University,.
Peking ........................ 200
Tayler, Professor John. Bernard, M. S. C. (1906) Commission
on Social and Economic Research.
London Missionary Society, Professor Economics, Yen-
ching University, Peking ... ............ 353
Tewksbury, Rev. E. G. (1890) The China Sunday School
Union.The Phonetic Promotion Committee.
General Secretary, China S. S. Union...”
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Page xix
“...CONTRIBUTORS XIX
Page
Wlgham, Leonard, B. A. (1891) The Present State op the
Church in West China.
F. F. M. A. General Station Work, Tungchwan, Szechwan. 67
Wu Shan. The Good Roads Movement.
Sheng Kung Hui Church. General Secretary, National
Road Construction Association, Shanghai......... 34
Yard, James M., B. A., B. D. (1910) Sblp-SupportIs It
Growing ?
Methodist Episcopal. General Secretary, World Service,
M. E. Church, Shanghai... ............... 94
Yuf, David Z.T., B,A. The Indigenization op the Y. M. C. A.
in China.
General Secretary of the National Committee of the
Y. M. C. A. of China .................. 154
Zia, Mr. N. Z, The Anti-Christian Movement in China.
A Bird's-Eye View.
General Administrative Secretary of the National Com-
mittee of the Y. M. C. A. of China, Shanghai ...... 51...”
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Page 1
“...PART I
CHINA TO-DAY
CHAPTER I
THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF CHINA IN J924
O. M. Green
Even in writing early in March, with peace nominally
restored throughout the country and an imposing Re-
organization Conference sitting in Peking, it is impossible
to view the events of the past year and their probable
outcome with any degree of hopefulness. Too many
parties and persons are left out in the cold or stand in
undisguised antagonism to Marshal Tuan Chi-jui and the
Anfu faction. The Southwest, headed by Tang Chi-yao
of Yunnan the province one recalls, whence sprang the
opposition which wrecked Yuan Shih-kai's "empire"
is openly hostile; the Kuomintang, with whom goes the
rest of the South, stands acidly apart; Chang Tso-lin of
Manchuria has parted from Tuan: it is even reported that
an alliance between him and Wu Pei-fu against Peking is
not impossible; at any rate Wu Pei-fu is not finished yet,
as the clamant objections of Hupeh and Hunan to have
him within their borders clearly indicates;...”
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Page 2
“....9
THE POLITICAL CONDITION OF CHINA IN 1921
Pei-fu. Early in February his lieutenant in Szechwan,
Yang Sen, captured the provincial capital and, with the
flight of Hsiong Keh-wu and Liu I-chiu into Yunnan,
controlled the province. In April Wu Pei-fu sent troops
to strengthen the hold of his ally Chao Heng-ti on Hunan.
Hupeh he held, of course, through his creature Hsiao Yao-
nan. Eastward he planted a portion of the Navy at
Tsingtao and fed it from the revenues of the Kiao-Tsi
Railway. In Nanking Chi Hsieh-yuan, overlord of Kiang-
su, Kiangsi and Anhui, was his ally and a faithful one as
events proved. In May, Wu Pei-fu caused Chou Yin-jen
to be made Tuchun of Fukien, thereby securing that
province and releasing Sun Chuan-fang to attack Che-
kiang the seat of Chang Tso-linJs ally, Lu Yung-hsiang,
from the South. And thus by midsummer, excluding
portions too remote to affect the issue, Wu Pei-fu held a
paper control of ail the essential provinces of China
proper.
Meanwhile Chang Tso-lin...”
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