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“...THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK 1925 (THIRTEENTH ISSUE) Edited by the National Christian Council under arrange- ment with the Christian Literature Society for China Editor HENRY T* HODGKIN, Secretary of the National Christian Council SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY I92S...”
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“...never have been completed. The National Christian Council, under whose auspices the China Mission Year Book is produced, does not of course accept responsibility for the views of individual writers. In dealing with such topics as the political situa- tion or the state of the church it is inevitable that personal bias enters in. Each writer is left perfectly free to express his own views in his own way. A few writers have been unable to produce the articles asked for and in some cases promised. This means that the plan of the Year Book as originally conceived has not been fully carried out. The editor has been under the necessity of filling in one or two gaps himself. Such as remain will probably not be apparent to the reader. The excellence of the material which is presented will, it is hoped, compensate for any omissions. Two features which have appeared in previous volumes, but not in...”
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“...one, must, however, be noted. The editor is ex- tremely sorry that the sections on New Publica- tions in Chinese" and on 4bibliography of Books, etc., dealing with China'7 for which readers of the Year Book have previously looked to Mr. Clayton and Dr. Rawlinson, respectively, could not be included this year. On certain other subjects the reader may be referred to previous Year Books, particularly that of 1924. On such topics, for example, as Recent Religious Movements, or in reporting some societies whose work is much the same from year to year, it has not seemed necessary to repeat what was well said a year ago. The present editor is new to this work and only undertook it reluctantly when it seemed that no one else could be found for it. His conception of the service which the Year Book may render is not that of a mere record of events and statistics. His hope is that the reader may gain a true impression of the inner life of the Church in China and of the situation which it is facing...”
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“...PREFACE V find much light on his problem in other sections than Part IV, such as Parts VII, VIII and IX. All readers, whatever their special interests, are urged to read the first two parts which give the background political, socialr, economic, religious, for the rest of the book. Mr. Green's survey of the political situation and Mr. Zia's study of the Anti-Christian Movement may justly be singled out as of peculiar importance in this connection.. In Dr. Bo wen's chapter we have an attempt to show the significance of this background for the Christian worker. It is no easy matter to form an estimate of the true state of the Church in China. The writers of the first five articles in Part III have had peculiar opportunities for studying the situation and have made it their business so to do. The.net impression of their presentations, coupled with a reading of the editor's article on evangelistic work, should give a pretty fair picture of the case as far as it can be gathered together and...”
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“...I. Much is being done in this field also which cannot be adequately reported. One important development in the literary world has not found a place in the Year Book as it is yet too soon to do more than merely refer to it. This is the formation of a group of Chinese Christian writers as a result of two retreats held last year. This group expects to produce a steady stream of indigenous .literature and so greatly strengthen the forces reported in the four articles included. The reader who wishes to study further in this field is referred to the 1924 Year Book where there is a good deal of material not repeated this year. The impressions the editor has gained in reading over the material sent in are too varied to be even summarized in this preface. To some who have contributed to the amazing work so rapidly surveyed in the Year Book we pay a tribute of respect and gratitude as we pass our eye over the list of those who have been taken from our midst during one year. We are not able to include...”
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“...su, Kiangsi and Anhui, was his ally and a faithful one as events proved. In May, Wu Pei-fu caused Chou Yin-jen to be made Tuchun of Fukien, thereby securing that province and releasing Sun Chuan-fang to attack Che- kiang the seat of Chang Tso-linJs ally, Lu Yung-hsiang, from the South. And thus by midsummer, excluding portions too remote to affect the issue, Wu Pei-fu held a paper control of ail the essential provinces of China proper. Meanwhile Chang Tso-lin had not been idle. A fascinating book might be made of the consolidation of his power in Manchuria, his vigorous repression of " squeeze" by subordinates, the increasing prosperity of the Three Eastern Provinces and the disciplined and well equipped army which, with the aid of foreign experts, he gradually built up. We do not know the details, but when in September Chang moved his armies towards the Great Wall against Wu Pei-fu, he is estimated to have possessed 180,000 of the best drilled and officered troops ever seen under a Chinese...”
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“...against science. It teaches mysticism and encourages superstition. (4) Religion hampers the development of individuality because it requires prayer, repentance, and dependence on the Supreme Being. (5) Religion is against life. It emphasises the future and neglects the present. It emphasises the spiritual and neglects the physical. B. Special Reasons Against Christianity: (l) Christian teachings are contrary to logic and in- consistent with assured results of modern science, for examples, the book of Genesis, Virgin birth, miracles, and Resurrection. * For a fuller treatment see the next Chapter....”
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“...launched. Its purpose is (a) to create a living faith in a living God, (b) to develop a spirit of loyalty to Christ and (c) to inculcate the spirit of service among students. During the past year, the movement has been very active. Through the local student associations in different schools, they have promoted the following program: (a) The inculcation of habits of private devotion, Bible study and personal evangelism among students. * For a fuller account of these faiths, see the 1924 Mission Year Book....”
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“...many important articles written by Bertrand Russell, Tsai Yuen Pei, Chen Tu Siu, Lee Shih Cheng, Wang Ching Wei, and others. Following this outbreak of activity very Ch§stUant0 little was done in an open way until the Education summer of 1924. In a number of places mission schools suffered from strikes and there was a.tendency towards concentration upon Christian education as a point of attack. In October 1923 The Young China Association issued a book entitled 44 National- istic Education" (Chung Hwa Book Company). Two of the articles in this book contained virulent attacks on Christian education in China under the titles, 44 Christianity and Emotion", and the 14 Problem of Missionary Educa- tion respectively. From this time on many attacks were made against the administration of Christian education largely by students who had withdrawn from Christian schools through dissatisfaction with the authorities. The agitation for the 44 restoration of educational rights has been no less popular latterly...”
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“... The twenty-seventh number contained two anti-Christian articles. The Guide, issued weekly by Chen Tu PTsiu and Chu Chiu Pei and others. Its aim is to attack imperialism and capitalism and it occasionally publishes anti-Christian articles. Pam hl^ts and The Anti-Christian Movement containing Books'12 S aU five articles issued by the Anti-Christian Federation and China Young Men's Society; 11 Nationalistic Education", hy Yui Chia Chu (Chung Iiwa Book Co.), containing two anti-Christian articles; "Collected Essays'7 by Chen Tu Hsiu (East Asia Book Co.), containing two anti-Christian articles; "Buddhistic Christianity," by Chang Chiun Yi, containing among other articles one strongly criticising Christian literature; "Errors of Christianity with a special appendix concerning Christian prayers, by C. C. Nieh. The articles referred to above may be classified according to their nature as follows: against Christian education 36; against the church 5; against the Bible...”
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“..."T'ung Shan She" spiritualistic cults are experiencing some expansion, how long-lived remains to be seen.* City and church, because the financial Country problem is lighter, seems to function more easily. Because the more superficial ills of society are so patent it finds much which it might do crying for attention right at its doors. It is to be hoped that the superficial and more patent will not blind the eyes of the city church to the deeper thought and the See article in China Mission Year Book 1924, p. 59....”
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“...77 PRESENT STATE OF THE CHURCH IN NORTH CHINA missionaries to insist on denominational distinctness, as this will make Chinese solidarity assert itself, and union will come about! Life and From nearly all the urban centers come Thought reports of the activities of new religious- ethical societies, such as those described in this Year Book for 1924, chapter VIII. Those most com- monly mentioned are the T'ung Shan She (f^J # jjft) and the Red Swastica Society (fx K These movements are still too young to predict what the probable scope of their influence may be, and whether on the whole it is increas- ing or decreasing. The anti-Christian movement which has been smoul- dering under the surface for several years broke into sporadic eruptions toward the end of the year. These took the form of articles in the vernacular newspapers, demon- stration meetings, and the distribution of literature. Such efforts were particularly noticeable in Ningpo, Hang- chow, and Shanghai. Special demonstrations...”
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“...CHAPTER XVIII THE PRESENT STATE OF THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH IN SOUTH CHINA A* J Fisher In considering the present state of the life of the Church in South China I wish to repeat what is written in the 1924 China Year Book pages J14119, with regard to such phrases as: "The consciousness that the Church is Chinese," "The Church is becoming indigenous," "The tendency to self assertion," and "The increase in self support." Each one of these aspects of the situation is more marked now than when those phrases were first used. Th> Church is South China Church believes in the Evangelistic spread and continuous preaching of the Gospel. We usually think of this as one of the peculiar functions of the missions, but I think the Chinese Church is at present outstripping the missions in its zeal for this work. The wholehearted way in which the Church has taken hold of the work of the Evangelistic Association is one of the evidences of this. This Associa- tion exists for the purpose of the evangelization...”
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“...prepared to give up the responsibility and the churches or organized groups must be prepared to receive it. The solution of the latter task involves practically all that is really essential in the mission objective. In the nature of the case these two tasks must be carried on simultaneously. It is one thing to let the mantle fall from shoulders which have long carried it; it is another thing to see to it that the mantle falls on other shoulders where it will fit and stick. The editor of the Year Book has requested me to give a very brief statement of some experiments of an ordinary mission in meeting these responsibilities. The Northern Baptist Mission in East China is composed of 94 missionaries, including men and women, with, a total Chinese staff of 441 workers and with an expenditure this last year, including salaries of missionaries, board grants, and all fees from churches, schools and hospitals, of Mex. §631,913.00. This mission has been experimenting for some years, along with most...”
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“...the entire communities which these various schools serve. These four experiments, including the one under contemplation thus roughly and briefly described, give abundant evidence that this mission has not yet solved its problem. The writer feels that in a sense an apology is due for thus intruding on the general public this description of imperfect experiments. In doing so he is trusting the judgment of the responsible editor of the Year Book that such a description may in some mysterious way be helpful to at least some of the readers of the Year Book. In addition the writer is so vitally interested in...”
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“...question from a study of minutes and reports and it is probably true that where the purpose of change has been to strengthen the denomina- tion, the feeling of the missionary has been that in this way the whole church could be most benefited. This brings us, however, to a third consideration with regard to organization, one that is being urged upon us in Peking and in North China generally, namely, How much organization does the Chinese church need and want t V Professor D. J. Fleming, author of a book on Mission Devolution, asks this pertinent question, 44 Is the arrange- ment (mission-church machinery) simple enough for the conditions actually on the field?" It is this question that we must now take up. At a recent Peking Missionary Association oi^M^n11^5 meeting> a fading Chinese Christian said in on ac inery you Westerners continually think in...”
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“...111 THE VALUE OF THE RI-TKEAT AS A METHOD forms the nucleus, but a, group chosen because the individuals are representative and themselves feel the need of that which the retreat can bring. To the value of the retreat as a method science and experience, psychology and history, bring their witness, which we attempt to outline under four heads. In withdrawal the soul asserts its freedom, of Withdrawal s'ave routine, of the telephone and Silence and the chit-book. If the retreat can be held where nature's primeval spaces are not barred by city walls, and no sound of bell or clock jar the silence, the soul escapes, to some extent, the limitations of space and time, and enters into a divine experience in the mere escape. Before the group meets for the first time hearts are being brought into harmony with the deeper music of life. If such physical withdrawal is not possible, and nature cannot furnish the freedom and the atmosphere, the artificial, or perhaps one should say the self-determined...”
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“...national group of the World Alliance for Promoting International Friendship through the Churches. Under the leadership of Professor T. C. Chao it is expected that much more will be done in the coming years.* Other Lines of This record of a start would not be Service complete without a few words about some other lines of service. The Council has issued the monthly Chinese Bulletin under the title "China for Christ" and a bi-monthly English one; it has edited the China Church Year Book and the China Mission Year Book; it has produced the Missionary Directory; it is planning again to take up the collection and issue of statistics. Its secretaries have devoted a large part of their time to travel believing that a national organization can only serve as it keeps in close personal touch with its constituency. Through Mr. Lobenstine it serves the cause of Christian Higher Education to which he is giving a good part of his time. Through Dr. C. Y. Cheng it serves the Chinese Home Missionary Society...”
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“...CHAPTER XXII THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN CHINA A Movement for Organic Union between the Presbyterian and Congregational Churches in China C. G Sparham Earl History Although special actions affecting this movement have from time to time been reported in the China Mission Year Book, it may be well briefly to outline the history of the movement, and for this purpose two dates should be borne in mind as of outstand- ing importance, namely: 1918 and 1922. In April 1918 the Federal Council of the Presbyterian Church in China held its fifth and last meeting. This Council had for eleven years worked for the organisation of one Presbyterian Church in China. During the year 1917 it had become clear that the situation was approach- ing a successful issue, and that the formation of a general assembly should not be long delayed. Possibilities of About this same time it was also noticed Wider Union that ]'n many parts of China the organisation of the churches associated with the American Board and the London...”
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“...Provisional General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in China. The Next Step ear^ at this Assembly was to vote e e" that the action of the Federal Council with reference to union with Congregational bodies be regarded as an action of the Assembly. The joint committee which had been appointed got to work, and in January 1919 met at Nanking and adopted a credal statement and plan of union. These were submitted to the churches and missions concerned, and were published in the China Mission Year Book for 1919 (Appendix C.). First Gene-al a con^erence furtherance of the Assembly4 union was called, to meet at Shanghai from April 27th to 29th, during which days the Presbyterian General Assembly was also in session. There were then present official representatives of the following bodies: a. The Presbyterian Church in China. b. The Synod of the Church of Christ in Kwangtung. c. The Synod of the Church of Christ in South Fukien. d. The Churches and Church Councils associated with the London Missionary...”