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“...THE
CHINA CHRISTIAN
YEAR BOOK
1934=1935
(NINETEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION"
YEAR BOOK)
Issued under arrangement between the Christian
Literature Society for China and the National Christian
Council of China under the direction of the following
Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian
Council.
Mr. E. E. Bamett Dr. Idabelle Main
Rev. A. Baxter Dr. James L. Maxwell
Rev. C. L. Boynton Dr. Chester S. Miao
Miss Margaret Frame Rt. Rev. J. W. Nichols
Miss T. A. Gerlach Rev. E. J. Ottewell
Rev. Carlefton Lacy Dr. Frank Rawlinson
Dr. Herman C. E. Liu Rev. D. E. Rebok
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Rev. Ronald Rees
Mr. C. H. Lowe Rev. Myron E. Terry
Dr. Usang Ly Miss Ting Shu-ching
Dr. Y. Y. Tsu
EDITOR
Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D.
Editor, The Chinese Recorder
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY
SHANGHAI
November 1935...”
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Page iii
“...PREFACE
This Year Book has settled down into a biennial
It appeared first in 1910. It takes, as a matter of fact,
just about a year to secure material and put it through
the press. Unfortunately at the time of writing this
preface some leading Christian journals have not yet
published a review of the previous issue. So perhaps it
is just as well that the Year Book comes out every other
year.
Securing material for this Year Book is never easy.
The contributors are all busy people and most of them are
in important executive positions. As in the previous1 is-
sue one-third of the contributors are Chinese. "With only
rare exceptions the chapters that deal with conditions in
China in general are written by Chinese. The writers
accepted their task willingly. For their share in producing
this Year Book the Editorial Board is profoundly grateful.
The Year Book goes out as another instance of cooperative
service in China-
One chapter arranged for"Rural Sendee Unions
and Community Parishes'' was...”
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Page iv
“...the Chinese Home Missionary
Society. This society carries on, therefore, only a small
part of home mission work in China. Likewise the chapter
on work among1 Tribes' People covers only a small part
of that work. Since the Editor was unable to secure more
than the two localized accounts1 included in this volume
he was at one time inclined to leave the topic out altogether.
However, arrangements have already been made for a
comprehensive chapter on the subject in the next issue of
the Year Book.
Two improvements appear in this Year Book.
First, a map has been included within the covers in-
dicating some of the most important places referred to in
the text, and appendix VII lists all the places named in
the text indicating not only their provincial location but
also all of the variant spellings adopted by the writers re-
ferring to them. Unfortunately most writers on China (even
those in China) seem unaware that the government stand-
ardized the Romanization of place names for postal and
t...”
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Page v
“...PB-EFXCE
of Christian effort in China is : becoming..increasingly
Chinese.. ..In every sense..of the word Christianity in Chiila
is advancing in incUgenousness. .
Second, Christians in China/are reaching out. Tfnder
the increasing leadership of Chinese evangelists the delivery,
of the message is being extended. Then, too, Christians
are reaching out into all types of service. While the
ministerial leadership of the organized church is woefully
inadequate there is a constant passing of Christian leader-
ship into services which aim at rebuilding the life of
China in general. The influence of Christianity in China
is extending and Christian service therein is expanding.
Third, Christians in China are joining up. The
centrifugal tendencies of denominationalism are changing
into the centripetal desire to get together more and
coordinate the work more effectively.
Fourth. Christians in China are looking forward.
They envisage a new China and a more dynamic church.
They have set out to find a...”
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Page vi
“...vi
PREFACE
When articles in this Year Book are an expression of
the policies ahd views of the National Christian Council
this fact will be made clear. In all other instances the
writer of the paper is alone responsible for the opinions
expressed.
Shanghai, September 1, 1935....”
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Page vii
“...CONTENTS
CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, 1934^-1935.
Page
MAP.
PREFACE iii
CONTENTS. vii
CONTRIBUTORS x
PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN CHINA, 1934^35,
J. B. Powell................................................xvi
INTERPRETATIVE INTRODUCTION.
Current Trends Forward. Editor....... 1
PART I. NATIONAL LIFE.
CHAPTER:
I. The National Government. Y. S. Tsao. 5
II. China's Relations with Western Powers.
W. H. Ma........................ 18
III. Sino-Japanese Relations, 1933-35.
Shuhsi Hsli ...................... 31
IV. National Economic Council in 1934.
Chin Fan........................ 46
V. Economic Conditions in Rural China.
A. B. Lewis...................... 57
VI. Present-Day Thought Movements.
P. C. Hsu........................ 72
VII. Modernization of Chinese Women. Miss
Ah-Huna Tong (Mrs. A. H. T.
Young).......................... 80
VIII. The Chinese Communists.
George W. Shepherd.............. 89
PART II. RELIGIOUS LIFE.
IX. Modern Religious Movements.
(1) In Christianity.
C. Stanley Smith................”
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Page viii
“...Christian Leadership Survey.
C. S. Miao ....................... 179
XVI. Reorganization of Bible Society Work.
Carleton Lacy ...................... 186
XVII. National Christian Council.
Ronald Rees...................... 192
XVIII. Home Mission Work. T. E. Tong .... 204
XIX. Salvation Army in China.
A. J. Benweli.................... 207
XX. Union Church Movements.
C. L. Boynton. .. ................. 212
PART III. MISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES.
XXI. Relation of Church and Mission.
C. E. Patton..................... 219
XXII. Missionary Situation in China.
Margaret Frame................. 223
PART IV. EDUCATION.
XXIII. Government Education.
Herman C. E. Liu................. 236
XXIV. Religious Education.
(1) Christian Religious Education
Committee. Alice Gregg ---- 247
(2) China Sunday School Union.
E. G. Tewksbury........... 252
XXV. Christian Education. E. H. Cressy. .. 264...”
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Page ix
“...Problem.
Garfield Huang................... 341
Part VI. MEDICAL WORK.
XXXIII. Medicine In China. Edward H. Hume. 355
XXXIV. China's Leposy Problem.
James L. Maxwell................ 364
Part VII. LITERATURE.
XXXV. A Year of Chinese Publication Work.
Tsao Liang....................... 368
XXXVI. Christian Literature and Thought-
Feng Hsueh-ping...............; 378
XXXVII. Literature Promotion and Distribution.
Myron E. Terry................385
XXXVIII. Some Books in English on China.
Mrs. R. R. Sendee. ...._____ 391, '409
Part VIII. APPENDICES.
I. Statistics of -the Roman Catholic Chu-rcli 399
- II. Five Year Plan for Child Welfare. .. 401
III. Program of National Children's Year.* 403
IVi Bibliography of Books:, in. English. "on .. 1
China. Mrs. R. R. Service.. ;........... 409
V.. List of Medical Colleges in China, ;19.35/ 424
. VL Necrology,. 1930-35., 0..,L.: Boynton. 425
TIL Index of Places in China C.rL.Boyiitou.. 447...”
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Page x
“...CONTRIBUTORS
(.Figures in parenthesis indicate date of first
arrival in Chima)
Page
Baker, J. E, (1916). Flood, Drought and War
Relief, XXVII.
Community Church, Shanghai. Adviser, Central
Trust of China..........281
Barnett, Eugene E., (1910). Young Men's Christ-
ian Association in 1934, XIII.
M. E. Church South. Associate General Secret-
ary, National Committee Y.M.C.A. of China. .. 154
Benwell, A. J. (1932). Salvation Army in China,
XIX.
Territorial Commander for North China .. 207
Boynton, Rev. C, L., (1906). Union Church
Movements, XX.
Northern Baptist. Secretary, National Chris-
tian Council of China .. .. 212, 425, 447
Chin, Fan. National Economic Council in 1934,
IV.
Secretary General, National Economic Council,
Nanking .. .. .. .. .. .. 46
Cressy, E. H., (1910). Christian Education, XXV.
Northern Baptist, Secretary of Council of Higher
Education, C. C. E. A.........264
Deng, (Miss) Cora, B. A., Labour Problems, XXIX.
Episcopal. Industrial Secretary, National Com-
mittee. Y. W. C...”
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Page xi
“...CONTBIBTJTOES
xi
PAGB
Feng, Hsueh-ping, Christian Literature and
Thought, XXXVI.
Presbyterian, South. On staff of Christian Lit-
erature Society, Shanghai. Nanking Seminary. 378
Frame, (Miss) Margaret, M.A., Ph.B. (1910). Mis-
ionary Situation in China, XXII
Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Secretary of the
China Council of the Presbyterian Church of
the U.S.A............223
Gregg, (Miss) Alice, (1,916). Religious Education
(1) Christian Religious Education Committee,
XXIV.
American Church Mission. One year Cooperat-
ing Secretary, National Committee for Christian
Religious Education .. .. .. .. 247
Haass, (Miss) Lily K., (1914). Young Women's
Christian Association, XIV.
Congregational. Associate General Secretary,
National Committee Young Women's Christian
Association .. .. .. .. .. .. 166
Hsu, Jabin, A.B. Child Welfare Movement, XXX.
Director General, Department of General Affairs,
Ministry of Finance. General Secretary, Na-
tional Child Welfare Association. University of
Michigan and Tsing...”
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Page xii
“...xii
CONTRIBUTORS
Page
Huang, Garfield. Present-Day Opium Problem,
XXXII.
Hungteh Tang Clmrch. General Secretary,
National Anti-Opium Association of China.
Fukien University...... .. .. 344
Hume, Edward H., M.A., M.D., LL,D (1905).
Medicine in China, XXXIII.
Formerly of Yale Mission, Changsha, Hunan.
Now connected with the Council on Medical Mis-
sions, China Medical Association .. .. .. 355
Lacy, Rev. Carleton, (1914). Reorganization of
Bible Society Work, XVI.
Methodist Episcopal. Agency Secretary (for
China) American Bible Society .. .. .. 186
Lewis, A. B., Ph.D., (1933). Economic Conditions
in Rural China, V.
Community Church. Nanking. Agricultural
Statistician, Department of Agricultural Econ-
omics, University of Nanking .. .. .. 57
Liu, Herman C. E., Government Education, XXIIl.
Baptist. President of the University of Shanghai.
Soochow University .. .. .. .. 236
Ma, Professor W. H. China's Relations with
Western Powers, II.
Christian Church. Head of Political Science De-
partment...”
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Page xiii
“..., (1897). The Church
of Christ in Manchuria, XI.
Presbyterian Church of Ireland Mission, Man-
churia .. .. .. .. .. .. 135
Patton, Rev. C. E., M.A., DJX, (1899). Relation
of Church and Mission, XXI.
Presbyterian. Vice-chairman and Secretary of
the China Council of the Presbyterian Church
in U.S.A............ 219
Powell, J. B. Principal Events in China, 1934^35
Editor, China Weekly Review. .. .. VII
Rawlinson, Rev. Frank, M.A D.D., (1902). Inter-
pretative Introduction Current Trends
Forward.
Editor, China Christian Year Book and Chinese
Recorder .. .. .. .. .. .. 1
Rees, Rev. Ronald, M.A., (1922). National Chris-
tian Council, XVII.
Wesley an Methodist Missionary Society. Sec-
retary, National Christian Council of China.
Secretary of National Commission Christian
Religious Education. Board of Christian Litera-
ture Society .. .. .. # .. .. 192
Service, Mrs. R. R., B.L. (1905). Some Books in
English on China, XXXVIII.
Community Church, Shanghai .. 391, 409...”
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Page xiv
“...Vice-President, Nanking
Theological Seminary .. ......97
Steiner, J. F., (1913). Among the Tribes' Peoples :
(2) In Hainan, XII.
Hainan Mission, American Presbyterian Mission,
North ............152
Strickland, C. F., C.I.E., B,Af China's Cooperative
Movement, XXVIII.
Church of England. Lecturer for Universities,
China Committee and Sino-Britisli Cultural
Association. .. ..........296
Stuart, J. Leighton, D.D. Litt.D. (1904). Founda-
tions and Christian Higher Education. XXVI.
Presbyterian Church in U. S. (South), President,
Yenching University .. .. .. .. 273
Terry, Myron E., B.A., B.D. (1925). Literature
Promotion and Distribution, XXXVII.
Presbyterian. Business Secretary, Christian
Literature Society..........385
Tewksbury, Rev. E. G., (1890). Religious Educa-
tion. (2) China Sunday School Union, XXIV.
American Congregational. General Secretary of
the China Sunday School Union......252
Todnem, Lawrence, B.A., (1915). Reform of Rick-
sha Business, XXXI.
Methodist Episcopal. American Bible...”
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Page xv
“...CONTRIBUTORS
xv
Page
Tong, (Mrs. A. H. T. Young) Miss Ah-Huna. Mod-
dernization of Chinese Women, VII.
Congregational Church, Honolulu. Woman's
Editor, China Press .. .. .. .. 80
Tong, T. E. Home Mission Work, XVIII.
Baptist. General Secretary, Chinese Home Mis-
sionary Society .. .. .. .. 204
Torrance, T. Among the Tribes' People: (1) In
Szechwan, XII.
Formerly Agent American Bible Society, Cheng-
tu, Szechwan. .. .. .. .. .. 148
Tsao, Liang. A. B. A Year of Chinese Publica-
tion Work, XXXV.
Presbyterian. Prof. Medhurst College, Shang-
hai. Yenching University, Peiping .. .. 368
Tsao, Y. S., B.A., M.B.A., The National Govern-
ment, i.
Episcopal. Secretary General, Red Cross Society
of China. St. John's University, Yale and
Harvard ............ 5...”
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Page xvi
“...PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN CHINA, 1934-35
J. B. Powell
JANUARY, 1934
1.Hu Han-miii issued circular telegram declaring his opposition
to the Fukien Rebellion, appealing that both Nanking and
Fukien should suspend hostilities.
4.Liu Kwei-tang's Rebel Forces penetrated into Honan and
Shantung.
6.Yenping, important city in northern Fukien held by the
Fukien Secessionists, captured by the Nanking Forces.
7.General Slieng Shih-tsai, military leader in Sinkiang, tele-
graphed the Nanking Government, reporting on the cessation
of hostilities in Sinkiang.
8.National Government granted pardon to General Tang Yu-lin,
held responsible for the loss of Jehol to Japan, and cancelled
his order of arrest.
11.The Customs receipts for the year of 1933 were announced to
be Hk. Taels 339,522,000.
12.National Government appointed General Chen Yi, Vice-Minister
of War, as Chairman of the new Fukien Provincial Govern-
ment and General Chiang Ting-wen as Commander-in-Chief of
the Communist suppression Forces for the provinces...”
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Page xvii
“...Committee
opened at Nanking; Wang Ching-wei presided.
21.Changehow, last stronghold held by the 19th Koute Army in
Fuluen, captured by the Government troops.
24.The Panchen Lama arrived at Nanking to confer with the
Central Authorities on the Mongolian situation.
26.Lin Sen took oath of office as Chairman of the National
Government for the second term.
28.National Government appointed General Tiao-yuan as Com-
mander-in-Chief of the General Reserve Force of the Bandit-
Suppression Armies in Central China.
20.War between General Slieng Shih-tsai and General Ma Chung-
yin continued to be waged in the vicinity of Tihua, provincial
capital of Sinkiang, both sides suffering heavy casualties.
SO.Executive Yuan dismissed General Sun Tien-ying from his
concurrent post as Reclamation Commissioner of Chinghai
(Kokonor).
FEBRUARY
3.General Chiang Kai-shek held important conference with Dr.
H. H. Kung, T. V. Soong and General Chang Hsueh-liang at
Hangchow.
5.The Peiping Branch of the Military Affairs' Commission...”
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Page xviii
“...shot at Swatow by order of General Chen
Chi-tang.
28.The Central Political Council approved the Silver Agreement.
28.Central Political Council approved the eight principles of local
self-government of Inner Mongolia.
MARCH
1.Pu Yi assumed the imperial title as "Emperor of Manchu-
kuo,'' at Changchun. Wang Ching-wei in his capacity as
Minister of Foreign Affairs issued statement on the ques-
tion.
1.General Chiang Kai-shek issued important statement, denying
that he'was aiming at dictatorship of China or contemplating
the restoration of the Tsungli system in the Kuomintang.
1.General Chang Hsueh-liang assumed office as Deputy Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Communist-Suppression Forces for the
provinces of Hupeh, Honan and Anhwei.
2.Liu Wen-lung, Chairman of Sinkiang, issued circular tele-
gram, pledging to preserve the territorial integrity of Sin-
kiang and to suppress the rebel forces of Ma Chung-ying. He
petitioned the Central Government to appropriate money to
finance rehabilitation of the...”
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Page xix
“...PRINCIPAL EVENTS
xix
6.Nanking lodged formal protest with the British Legation in
China against the exploration of mines in Yunnan border by-
British nationals.
7.Nanking notified the American Legation in China proposing
revision of the Chinese-American Commercial Treaty.
11.National Government issued official statement on the assump-
tion of imperial title by Pu Yi at Changchun.
11.New Life Movement officially inaugurated at Nanchang.
12.Liu Kwei-tang's brigands penetrated into southern Shantung.
15.Japanese troops in eastern Chahar continued to be increased
preparatory to further thrust into the province.
15.British Legation officials verbally replied to the Chinese protest
against the exploration of mines in Yunnan border by British
nationals.
16.New Life Movement Association at Nanking inaugurated with
Wang Ching-wei and others as supervisors.
18.Administrative Conference of the various provinces summoned
by General Chiang Kai-shek was opened at Nanchang.
19.Szechwan Army recovered...”
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Page xx
“...left
Shanghai for Europe.
12.General Tsai Ting-iai, accompanied by several other high com-
manders of the former 19th Route Army, left Hongkong for
a tour in Europe and America.
13.Serious situation prevailed in North China as Japanese insisted
on their demand to resume through rail traffic service and
postal communication with Manchuria.
17.Japanese Minister, Akira Ariyoshi, called on General Huang
F.u at. Shanghai, discussing the Sino-Japanese situation in
North China.
17.Communists under Lo Ping-hui attacked and occupied Yungan
district in western Fukien.
22.Liu Kwei-tang's marauders in Shantung suppressed; Liu him-
self having fled to Tientsin.
23.T. V. Soong left Nanking for inspection tour to the North-
west. He issued a statement on the same day, saying that
China would under no circumstances abandon her plan of
technical cooperation with the League of Nations because of
the opposition of Japan.
23.Monogolian Local Political Council inaugurated at Pai-ing-
miao.
24.The Southwest...”
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Page xxi
“...PRINCIPAL EVENTS
xxi
2.The Peiping Branch Military Affairs' Commission appointed
General Tang Yu-lin and General Sun Tien-ying as high coun-
sellors to the Commission.
6.Japanese military started construction of aerodrome at Pailitai
near the Nankai University in Tientsin.
8.Tientsin Municipal Government protested to Japanese authori-
ties against construction of the Pailitai aerodrome.
10.Report on technical co-operation between the League of Na-
tions and China by Dr. L. Rajchman published.
10.The Chinese Mission headed by General Hsu Ting-yao and
Vice-Minister of Communications Yu Fei-pang, to study military
communication abroad, departed from Shanghai for Europe.
31.Serious fighting between the Government troops and the Com-
munists in the vicinity of Yungan district, western Fukien.
1^.Dr. Wang Hsin-kung appointed President of the National
Wuhan University.
IS.Tientsin Municipal Government lodged second protest with the
Japanese Consular authorities at Tientsin against the con-
struction...”
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