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Your search within this document for 'year' resulted in 192 matching pages.
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Page i
“...THE
CHINA CHRISTIAN
YEAR BOOK
1934=1935
(NINETEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION"
YEAR BOOK)
Issued under arrangement between the Christian
Literature Society for China and the National Christian
Council of China under the direction of the following
Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian
Council.
Mr. E. E. Bamett Dr. Idabelle Main
Rev. A. Baxter Dr. James L. Maxwell
Rev. C. L. Boynton Dr. Chester S. Miao
Miss Margaret Frame Rt. Rev. J. W. Nichols
Miss T. A. Gerlach Rev. E. J. Ottewell
Rev. Carlefton Lacy Dr. Frank Rawlinson
Dr. Herman C. E. Liu Rev. D. E. Rebok
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Rev. Ronald Rees
Mr. C. H. Lowe Rev. Myron E. Terry
Dr. Usang Ly Miss Ting Shu-ching
Dr. Y. Y. Tsu
EDITOR
Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D.
Editor, The Chinese Recorder
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY
SHANGHAI
November 1935...”
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Page iii
“...PREFACE
This Year Book has settled down into a biennial
It appeared first in 1910. It takes, as a matter of fact,
just about a year to secure material and put it through
the press. Unfortunately at the time of writing this
preface some leading Christian journals have not yet
published a review of the previous issue. So perhaps it
is just as well that the Year Book comes out every other
year.
Securing material for this Year Book is never easy.
The contributors are all busy people and most of them are
in important executive positions. As in the previous1 is-
sue one-third of the contributors are Chinese. "With only
rare exceptions the chapters that deal with conditions in
China in general are written by Chinese. The writers
accepted their task willingly. For their share in producing
this Year Book the Editorial Board is profoundly grateful.
The Year Book goes out as another instance of cooperative
service in China-
One chapter arranged for"Rural Sendee Unions
and Community Parishes'' was...”
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Page iv
“...Home Missionary
Society. This society carries on, therefore, only a small
part of home mission work in China. Likewise the chapter
on work among1 Tribes' People covers only a small part
of that work. Since the Editor was unable to secure more
than the two localized accounts1 included in this volume
he was at one time inclined to leave the topic out altogether.
However, arrangements have already been made for a
comprehensive chapter on the subject in the next issue of
the Year Book.
Two improvements appear in this Year Book.
First, a map has been included within the covers in-
dicating some of the most important places referred to in
the text, and appendix VII lists all the places named in
the text indicating not only their provincial location but
also all of the variant spellings adopted by the writers re-
ferring to them. Unfortunately most writers on China (even
those in China) seem unaware that the government stand-
ardized the Romanization of place names for postal and
telegraphic purposes...”
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Page vi
“...vi
PREFACE
When articles in this Year Book are an expression of
the policies ahd views of the National Christian Council
this fact will be made clear. In all other instances the
writer of the paper is alone responsible for the opinions
expressed.
Shanghai, September 1, 1935....”
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Page vii
“...CONTENTS
CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, 1934^-1935.
Page
MAP.
PREFACE iii
CONTENTS. vii
CONTRIBUTORS x
PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN CHINA, 1934^35,
J. B. Powell................................................xvi
INTERPRETATIVE INTRODUCTION.
Current Trends Forward. Editor....... 1
PART I. NATIONAL LIFE.
CHAPTER:
I. The National Government. Y. S. Tsao. 5
II. China's Relations with Western Powers.
W. H. Ma........................ 18
III. Sino-Japanese Relations, 1933-35.
Shuhsi Hsli ...................... 31
IV. National Economic Council in 1934.
Chin Fan........................ 46
V. Economic Conditions in Rural China.
A. B. Lewis...................... 57
VI. Present-Day Thought Movements.
P. C. Hsu........................ 72
VII. Modernization of Chinese Women. Miss
Ah-Huna Tong (Mrs. A. H. T.
Young).......................... 80
VIII. The Chinese Communists.
George W. Shepherd.............. 89
PART II. RELIGIOUS LIFE.
IX. Modern Religious Movements.
(1) In Christianity.
C. Stanley Smith................”
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Page ix
“...Todnem................. 334
XXXII. Present-Day Opium Problem.
Garfield Huang................... 341
Part VI. MEDICAL WORK.
XXXIII. Medicine In China. Edward H. Hume. 355
XXXIV. China's Leposy Problem.
James L. Maxwell................ 364
Part VII. LITERATURE.
XXXV. A Year of Chinese Publication Work.
Tsao Liang....................... 368
XXXVI. Christian Literature and Thought-
Feng Hsueh-ping...............; 378
XXXVII. Literature Promotion and Distribution.
Myron E. Terry................385
XXXVIII. Some Books in English on China.
Mrs. R. R. Sendee. ...._____ 391, '409
Part VIII. APPENDICES.
I. Statistics of -the Roman Catholic Chu-rcli 399
- II. Five Year Plan for Child Welfare. .. 401
III. Program of National Children's Year.* 403
IVi Bibliography of Books:, in. English. "on .. 1
China. Mrs. R. R. Service.. ;........... 409
V.. List of Medical Colleges in China, ;19.35/ 424
. VL Necrology,. 1930-35., 0..,L.: Boynton. 425
TIL Index of Places in China C.rL.Boyiitou.. 447...”
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Page xi
“...CONTBIBTJTOES
xi
PAGB
Feng, Hsueh-ping, Christian Literature and
Thought, XXXVI.
Presbyterian, South. On staff of Christian Lit-
erature Society, Shanghai. Nanking Seminary. 378
Frame, (Miss) Margaret, M.A., Ph.B. (1910). Mis-
ionary Situation in China, XXII
Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Secretary of the
China Council of the Presbyterian Church of
the U.S.A............223
Gregg, (Miss) Alice, (1,916). Religious Education
(1) Christian Religious Education Committee,
XXIV.
American Church Mission. One year Cooperat-
ing Secretary, National Committee for Christian
Religious Education .. .. .. .. 247
Haass, (Miss) Lily K., (1914). Young Women's
Christian Association, XIV.
Congregational. Associate General Secretary,
National Committee Young Women's Christian
Association .. .. .. .. .. .. 166
Hsu, Jabin, A.B. Child Welfare Movement, XXX.
Director General, Department of General Affairs,
Ministry of Finance. General Secretary, Na-
tional Child Welfare Association. University of
Michigan and Tsing Hua...”
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Page xiii
“...of Christ in Manchuria, XI.
Presbyterian Church of Ireland Mission, Man-
churia .. .. .. .. .. .. 135
Patton, Rev. C. E., M.A., DJX, (1899). Relation
of Church and Mission, XXI.
Presbyterian. Vice-chairman and Secretary of
the China Council of the Presbyterian Church
in U.S.A............ 219
Powell, J. B. Principal Events in China, 1934^35
Editor, China Weekly Review. .. .. VII
Rawlinson, Rev. Frank, M.A D.D., (1902). Inter-
pretative Introduction Current Trends
Forward.
Editor, China Christian Year Book and Chinese
Recorder .. .. .. .. .. .. 1
Rees, Rev. Ronald, M.A., (1922). National Chris-
tian Council, XVII.
Wesley an Methodist Missionary Society. Sec-
retary, National Christian Council of China.
Secretary of National Commission Christian
Religious Education. Board of Christian Litera-
ture Society .. .. .. # .. .. 192
Service, Mrs. R. R., B.L. (1905). Some Books in
English on China, XXXVIII.
Community Church, Shanghai .. 391, 409...”
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Page xv
“...CONTRIBUTORS
xv
Page
Tong, (Mrs. A. H. T. Young) Miss Ah-Huna. Mod-
dernization of Chinese Women, VII.
Congregational Church, Honolulu. Woman's
Editor, China Press .. .. .. .. 80
Tong, T. E. Home Mission Work, XVIII.
Baptist. General Secretary, Chinese Home Mis-
sionary Society .. .. .. .. 204
Torrance, T. Among the Tribes' People: (1) In
Szechwan, XII.
Formerly Agent American Bible Society, Cheng-
tu, Szechwan. .. .. .. .. .. 148
Tsao, Liang. A. B. A Year of Chinese Publica-
tion Work, XXXV.
Presbyterian. Prof. Medhurst College, Shang-
hai. Yenching University, Peiping .. .. 368
Tsao, Y. S., B.A., M.B.A., The National Govern-
ment, i.
Episcopal. Secretary General, Red Cross Society
of China. St. John's University, Yale and
Harvard ............ 5...”
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Page xvi
“...Kwei-tang's Rebel Forces penetrated into Honan and
Shantung.
6.Yenping, important city in northern Fukien held by the
Fukien Secessionists, captured by the Nanking Forces.
7.General Slieng Shih-tsai, military leader in Sinkiang, tele-
graphed the Nanking Government, reporting on the cessation
of hostilities in Sinkiang.
8.National Government granted pardon to General Tang Yu-lin,
held responsible for the loss of Jehol to Japan, and cancelled
his order of arrest.
11.The Customs receipts for the year of 1933 were announced to
be Hk. Taels 339,522,000.
12.National Government appointed General Chen Yi, Vice-Minister
of War, as Chairman of the new Fukien Provincial Govern-
ment and General Chiang Ting-wen as Commander-in-Chief of
the Communist suppression Forces for the provinces of Kiang-
si, Fukien, Kwangtung, Hunan and Hupeh.
13.The 19th Route Army evacuated Foochow without resistance,
and the city was taken by the Nanking naval forces.
14.General Ho Ying-chin, Chairman of the Peiping Branch...”
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Page xxiii
“...Agreement opened at Hongkong.
12.The National Antiques Preservation Committee formed at
Nanking.
15.General Ma Chung-ying disarmed and interned by Soviet Rus-
sians together with his troops. They entered the Soviet terri-
tory on the 10th inst.
18.Japanese summoned important conference in Formosa dis-
cussing measures to extend Japanese influence into south China.
The conference was popularly known as "The Opposite Shore
Conference. *'
19.Central Political Council approved the national budget for
the year. Income and expenditure balanced at $777,302,226.
20.Supreme Court ordered remission of the sentence of Chen Tu-
hsiu, the communist leader, from 15 years' imprisonment to
8 years.
23.Ying Tung arrived at Dairen to open discussions with Japanese
on outstanding Sino-Japanese questions.
27.Sun Fo, President of the Legislative Yuan, had an interview
with President Roosevelt at Honolulu.
28.New Agreement of Canton-Kowloon Railway signed at Hong-
kong.
AUGUST
3.Government troops in Fukien recaptured...”
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Page xxvii
“...PRINCIPAL EVENTS
xxvii
Commission and headed by General Ho Kuo-kwang, departed
for Szechwan.
30.The question of resumption of postal relations between China
Proper and the Northeast settled. Regular mail service to be
resumed on January 10, 1935; parcel posts on February 1.
JANUARY, 1935
1.The anniversary of the founding of the 24th Year of the Re-
public celebrated in Nanking.
4.French Minister protested against the Chinese Government
action restricting the activities of the International Saving,*
Society. High officials of Japanese Kwantung Army Head-
quarters held important meeting at Dairen to discuss policy
towards China.
5.The main force of Communists under Chu Teh and Mao Tse-
tung in Kweichow fled to Tsengyi, northern Kweichow, and
captured the city.
5.Circular telegram by General Chiang Kai-shek to Kiangsu,
Cliekiang and eight other provinces prohibiting poppy cultiva-
tion in these provinces. Ministry of Foreign Affairs lodged
third protest with Japanese Government against deportation...”
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Page xxx
“...order prohibit-
ing the entry of Chinese workers and peasants to the North-
east.
17.General Chiang Kai-shek issued stern order prohibiting military
interference in civil administration.
18.Ministry of Foreign Affairs released statement to the interested
Powers in connection with the illegal sale of the Chinese
Eastern Railway by the Soviet Union to Manchukuo, declaring
that China fully reserves her rights over the Railway.
20Central Political Council sanctioned the issurance of the 24th
fiscal year Financial Bonds to the amount of $100,000,000.
20.Yellow River in southern Hopei continued to rise and situa-
tion critical.
20.Good-will plane of Japanese Newspaper Asalii Sliiiribun arrived
at Nanking from Tokyo.
22.Changyuan city in southern Hopei in danger of being sub-
merged by Yellow River.
23.The agreement of sale of the Chinese Eastern Railway by the
Soviet Union to Manchukuo with Japan guaranteeing payment
of the purchase price signed at Tokyo.
23.Finance Minister H. H. Kung issued statement...”
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Page xxxiii
“...minimized. There is frank and
public admission of China's inability to meet this danger
in any modern military way. Insight into China's econo-
mic, industrial, rural, educational, communication and
governmental needs is growing in clarity. Not only is
China's archeological and art history being studied but
researches into all kinds of social and economic situations
are under way. There are frequent reports in English
on many of these subjects. For the first time, also, the
Chinese have published a Year Book in English. All this
indicates that China's needs and potentialities are under-
going scientific scrutiny. The New China, led mainly by
those with an international educational experience, has
learned modern methods of study from the West and is...”
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Page xxxiv
“... machinery and com-
munication supplies. This was taken as "an indication
of the great progress made in China's reconstruction pro-
gram".1 Efforts at rural rebuilding loom prominent.
The promotion of rural cooperatives, indeed, has become
almost a nation-wide movement. Chinese commercial
banks have shown a "remarkable readiness, unique in the
history of cooperation, to organize and finance (coopera-
tive) societies".2 Unfortunately no equal* attention is
1. China's Foreign Trade, Second half-year, 1934, page 104.
2. Page 297....”
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Page 1
“...movement and
General Chang Hsun restored the Manchurian monarchy
for about a week by placing Henry Pu-yi on the dragon
throne. The monarchical movements were unpopular and
short-lived, yet there was no system of general election to
provide the nation with a legitimate president, so Marshal
Tuan Chi-jui assumed the title of chief executive while
Marshal Chang Tso-lin called himself a generalissimo. After
the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the authority of the Peking
regime dwindled rapidly, so that by the year 1925 and
afterwards, its authority hardly extended beyond the walls
of Peking. The time was ripe and the stage was set for
a great political reorganization of some kind....”
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Page 6
“...fundamental financial measures, such
as the adoption of a gold standard currency and the like,
in order to place China's financial system on a footing
equal to those of older and more permanently established
governments.
Finances In view of the importance of this government
department, it .might be well to recount here in
brief some of the outstanding features within the last few
years. In 1930, the Ministry submitted a comprehensive
report on the national receipts and expenditures for the
fiscal year of 1928-1929, which gave the total receipts at
$434,440,712.92, of which $209,536,969.49 went to military
expenditure and $121,318,007.57 for debt service.
Revenues The three outstanding bulwarks of China's
financial system are the Customs' Administra-
tion, the Salt Gabelle and the Consolidated Tax (or Intern-
al Revenue Administration). Since the conclusion of the
tariff autonon^y treaties, a ;more scientific system of
graduated tariff has been adopted in lieu of the 5% con-
ventional tariff...”
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Page 8
“...China and the competent organs of the
League of Nations. The Standing Committee of the Na-
tional Economic Council consists of the Prime Minister,
Mr. Wang Ching-wei; the President of the Legislative
Yuan, Dr. Sun Fo; the Chairman of the Military Affairs
Commission, General Chiang Kai-shek; the Minister of
Finance, Dr. H. H. Kung; and thei ex-Minister of Finance,
Dr. T. V. Soong. This very strong Standing Committee
made a detailed study of the activities to be undertaken
and financed during the year 1934, in addition to the work
begun in 1931.
Purpose of When the National Economic Council
Council was inaugurated on Nov. 15th, 1931, the
then Chairman of the National Govern-
ment, General Chiang Kai-shek, described the purpose of
the Council as follows:
"The constitution of the National Economic Council
clearly shows that it was the desire of the National Govern-
ment to create an Advisory Council in which the principal
Ministers of the Government may have the advantage of
having associated...”
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Page 9
“...RECONSTRUCTION
13
Foreign Since 1930, more than two dozen experts have
Experts been sent by the League to China to make com-
prehensive studies and surveys of conditions in
China. There were( six men on hygiene and medicine, nine
men on education, five men on transit and communications,
four on agriculture and two on economics and finances.
The expenditure of the Council as provided by the Na-
tional Government, since 1931 to the end of September
1933, has totalled $4,550,000. For the year 1934, $15,000,-
000 were allotted in the following proportions:
Roads ...................... $ 6,800,000
Health ............................................500,000
Cotton............................................1,000,000
Silk ................................................750,000
Kiangsi..........................................1,900,000
North-West ..................................2,500,000
Coal Survey ..................................100,000
Economic Research......................300,000
Tea.....”
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Page 14
“...CHAPTER II
CHINA'S RELATIONS WITH WESTERN POWERS
W. H. Ma
As one reviews the international relations of China
during the past year, one may not fail to see that diplo-
matic developments in Eastern Asia tend to center around
the Sino-Japanese dispute, the one issue which drew the
attention of the world, during the past few years, to the
Far East. Although the subject of the present chapter is
"China's Relations with Western Powers," it' seems to be
necessary to take Sino-Japanese relations also into consider-
ation and view the one central fact which has been dom-
inant during the past few years from three different
angles: namely, the reactions of the Western Powers
against:(1) Japanese territorial expansion in China; (2)
the Japanese struggle for economic supremacy in Eastern
Asia,, and (3) the Japanese nullification of the great peace
treaties concluded since the Paris Peace Conference.
I. Revival of the Activities of the Powers in the
Preservation or Expansion of Territorial Influences...”
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