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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1934=1935 (NINETEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA "MISSION" YEAR BOOK) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council. Mr. E. E. Bamett Dr. Idabelle Main Rev. A. Baxter Dr. James L. Maxwell Rev. C. L. Boynton Dr. Chester S. Miao Miss Margaret Frame Rt. Rev. J. W. Nichols Miss T. A. Gerlach Rev. E. J. Ottewell Rev. Carlefton Lacy Dr. Frank Rawlinson Dr. Herman C. E. Liu Rev. D. E. Rebok Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Rev. Ronald Rees Mr. C. H. Lowe Rev. Myron E. Terry Dr. Usang Ly Miss Ting Shu-ching Dr. Y. Y. Tsu EDITOR Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Editor, The Chinese Recorder CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY SHANGHAI November 1935...”
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“...PREFACE This Year Book has settled down into a biennial It appeared first in 1910. It takes, as a matter of fact, just about a year to secure material and put it through the press. Unfortunately at the time of writing this preface some leading Christian journals have not yet published a review of the previous issue. So perhaps it is just as well that the Year Book comes out every other year. Securing material for this Year Book is never easy. The contributors are all busy people and most of them are in important executive positions. As in the previous1 is- sue one-third of the contributors are Chinese. "With only rare exceptions the chapters that deal with conditions in China in general are written by Chinese. The writers accepted their task willingly. For their share in producing this Year Book the Editorial Board is profoundly grateful. The Year Book goes out as another instance of cooperative service in China- One chapter arranged for"Rural Sendee Unions and Community Parishes'' was...”
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“...Home Missionary Society. This society carries on, therefore, only a small part of home mission work in China. Likewise the chapter on work among1 Tribes' People covers only a small part of that work. Since the Editor was unable to secure more than the two localized accounts1 included in this volume he was at one time inclined to leave the topic out altogether. However, arrangements have already been made for a comprehensive chapter on the subject in the next issue of the Year Book. Two improvements appear in this Year Book. First, a map has been included within the covers in- dicating some of the most important places referred to in the text, and appendix VII lists all the places named in the text indicating not only their provincial location but also all of the variant spellings adopted by the writers re- ferring to them. Unfortunately most writers on China (even those in China) seem unaware that the government stand- ardized the Romanization of place names for postal and telegraphic purposes...”
4 Page vi

“...vi PREFACE When articles in this Year Book are an expression of the policies ahd views of the National Christian Council this fact will be made clear. In all other instances the writer of the paper is alone responsible for the opinions expressed. Shanghai, September 1, 1935....”
5 Page vii

“...CONTENTS CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK, 1934^-1935. Page MAP. PREFACE iii CONTENTS. vii CONTRIBUTORS x PRINCIPAL EVENTS IN CHINA, 1934^35, J. B. Powell................................................xvi INTERPRETATIVE INTRODUCTION. Current Trends Forward. Editor....... 1 PART I. NATIONAL LIFE. CHAPTER: I. The National Government. Y. S. Tsao. 5 II. China's Relations with Western Powers. W. H. Ma........................ 18 III. Sino-Japanese Relations, 1933-35. Shuhsi Hsli ...................... 31 IV. National Economic Council in 1934. Chin Fan........................ 46 V. Economic Conditions in Rural China. A. B. Lewis...................... 57 VI. Present-Day Thought Movements. P. C. Hsu........................ 72 VII. Modernization of Chinese Women. Miss Ah-Huna Tong (Mrs. A. H. T. Young).......................... 80 VIII. The Chinese Communists. George W. Shepherd.............. 89 PART II. RELIGIOUS LIFE. IX. Modern Religious Movements. (1) In Christianity. C. Stanley Smith................”
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“...Todnem................. 334 XXXII. Present-Day Opium Problem. Garfield Huang................... 341 Part VI. MEDICAL WORK. XXXIII. Medicine In China. Edward H. Hume. 355 XXXIV. China's Leposy Problem. James L. Maxwell................ 364 Part VII. LITERATURE. XXXV. A Year of Chinese Publication Work. Tsao Liang....................... 368 XXXVI. Christian Literature and Thought- Feng Hsueh-ping...............; 378 XXXVII. Literature Promotion and Distribution. Myron E. Terry................385 XXXVIII. Some Books in English on China. Mrs. R. R. Sendee. ...._____ 391, '409 Part VIII. APPENDICES. I. Statistics of -the Roman Catholic Chu-rcli 399 - II. Five Year Plan for Child Welfare. .. 401 III. Program of National Children's Year.* 403 IVi Bibliography of Books:, in. English. "on .. 1 China. Mrs. R. R. Service.. ;........... 409 V.. List of Medical Colleges in China, ;19.35/ 424 . VL Necrology,. 1930-35., 0..,L.: Boynton. 425 TIL Index of Places in China C.rL.Boyiitou.. 447...”
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“...CONTBIBTJTOES xi PAGB Feng, Hsueh-ping, Christian Literature and Thought, XXXVI. Presbyterian, South. On staff of Christian Lit- erature Society, Shanghai. Nanking Seminary. 378 Frame, (Miss) Margaret, M.A., Ph.B. (1910). Mis- ionary Situation in China, XXII Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. Secretary of the China Council of the Presbyterian Church of the U.S.A............223 Gregg, (Miss) Alice, (1,916). Religious Education (1) Christian Religious Education Committee, XXIV. American Church Mission. One year Cooperat- ing Secretary, National Committee for Christian Religious Education .. .. .. .. 247 Haass, (Miss) Lily K., (1914). Young Women's Christian Association, XIV. Congregational. Associate General Secretary, National Committee Young Women's Christian Association .. .. .. .. .. .. 166 Hsu, Jabin, A.B. Child Welfare Movement, XXX. Director General, Department of General Affairs, Ministry of Finance. General Secretary, Na- tional Child Welfare Association. University of Michigan and Tsing Hua...”
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“...of Christ in Manchuria, XI. Presbyterian Church of Ireland Mission, Man- churia .. .. .. .. .. .. 135 Patton, Rev. C. E., M.A., DJX, (1899). Relation of Church and Mission, XXI. Presbyterian. Vice-chairman and Secretary of the China Council of the Presbyterian Church in U.S.A............ 219 Powell, J. B. Principal Events in China, 1934^35 Editor, China Weekly Review. .. .. VII Rawlinson, Rev. Frank, M.A D.D., (1902). Inter- pretative Introduction Current Trends Forward. Editor, China Christian Year Book and Chinese Recorder .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Rees, Rev. Ronald, M.A., (1922). National Chris- tian Council, XVII. Wesley an Methodist Missionary Society. Sec- retary, National Christian Council of China. Secretary of National Commission Christian Religious Education. Board of Christian Litera- ture Society .. .. .. # .. .. 192 Service, Mrs. R. R., B.L. (1905). Some Books in English on China, XXXVIII. Community Church, Shanghai .. 391, 409...”
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“...CONTRIBUTORS xv Page Tong, (Mrs. A. H. T. Young) Miss Ah-Huna. Mod- dernization of Chinese Women, VII. Congregational Church, Honolulu. Woman's Editor, China Press .. .. .. .. 80 Tong, T. E. Home Mission Work, XVIII. Baptist. General Secretary, Chinese Home Mis- sionary Society .. .. .. .. 204 Torrance, T. Among the Tribes' People: (1) In Szechwan, XII. Formerly Agent American Bible Society, Cheng- tu, Szechwan. .. .. .. .. .. 148 Tsao, Liang. A. B. A Year of Chinese Publica- tion Work, XXXV. Presbyterian. Prof. Medhurst College, Shang- hai. Yenching University, Peiping .. .. 368 Tsao, Y. S., B.A., M.B.A., The National Govern- ment, i. Episcopal. Secretary General, Red Cross Society of China. St. John's University, Yale and Harvard ............ 5...”
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“...Kwei-tang's Rebel Forces penetrated into Honan and Shantung. 6.Yenping, important city in northern Fukien held by the Fukien Secessionists, captured by the Nanking Forces. 7.General Slieng Shih-tsai, military leader in Sinkiang, tele- graphed the Nanking Government, reporting on the cessation of hostilities in Sinkiang. 8.National Government granted pardon to General Tang Yu-lin, held responsible for the loss of Jehol to Japan, and cancelled his order of arrest. 11.The Customs receipts for the year of 1933 were announced to be Hk. Taels 339,522,000. 12.National Government appointed General Chen Yi, Vice-Minister of War, as Chairman of the new Fukien Provincial Govern- ment and General Chiang Ting-wen as Commander-in-Chief of the Communist suppression Forces for the provinces of Kiang- si, Fukien, Kwangtung, Hunan and Hupeh. 13.The 19th Route Army evacuated Foochow without resistance, and the city was taken by the Nanking naval forces. 14.General Ho Ying-chin, Chairman of the Peiping Branch...”
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“...Agreement opened at Hongkong. 12.The National Antiques Preservation Committee formed at Nanking. 15.General Ma Chung-ying disarmed and interned by Soviet Rus- sians together with his troops. They entered the Soviet terri- tory on the 10th inst. 18.Japanese summoned important conference in Formosa dis- cussing measures to extend Japanese influence into south China. The conference was popularly known as "The Opposite Shore Conference. *' 19.Central Political Council approved the national budget for the year. Income and expenditure balanced at $777,302,226. 20.Supreme Court ordered remission of the sentence of Chen Tu- hsiu, the communist leader, from 15 years' imprisonment to 8 years. 23.Ying Tung arrived at Dairen to open discussions with Japanese on outstanding Sino-Japanese questions. 27.Sun Fo, President of the Legislative Yuan, had an interview with President Roosevelt at Honolulu. 28.New Agreement of Canton-Kowloon Railway signed at Hong- kong. AUGUST 3.Government troops in Fukien recaptured...”
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“...PRINCIPAL EVENTS xxvii Commission and headed by General Ho Kuo-kwang, departed for Szechwan. 30.The question of resumption of postal relations between China Proper and the Northeast settled. Regular mail service to be resumed on January 10, 1935; parcel posts on February 1. JANUARY, 1935 1.The anniversary of the founding of the 24th Year of the Re- public celebrated in Nanking. 4.French Minister protested against the Chinese Government action restricting the activities of the International Saving,* Society. High officials of Japanese Kwantung Army Head- quarters held important meeting at Dairen to discuss policy towards China. 5.The main force of Communists under Chu Teh and Mao Tse- tung in Kweichow fled to Tsengyi, northern Kweichow, and captured the city. 5.Circular telegram by General Chiang Kai-shek to Kiangsu, Cliekiang and eight other provinces prohibiting poppy cultiva- tion in these provinces. Ministry of Foreign Affairs lodged third protest with Japanese Government against deportation...”
13 Page xxx

“...order prohibit- ing the entry of Chinese workers and peasants to the North- east. 17.General Chiang Kai-shek issued stern order prohibiting military interference in civil administration. 18.Ministry of Foreign Affairs released statement to the interested Powers in connection with the illegal sale of the Chinese Eastern Railway by the Soviet Union to Manchukuo, declaring that China fully reserves her rights over the Railway. 20Central Political Council sanctioned the issurance of the 24th fiscal year Financial Bonds to the amount of $100,000,000. 20.Yellow River in southern Hopei continued to rise and situa- tion critical. 20.Good-will plane of Japanese Newspaper Asalii Sliiiribun arrived at Nanking from Tokyo. 22.Changyuan city in southern Hopei in danger of being sub- merged by Yellow River. 23.The agreement of sale of the Chinese Eastern Railway by the Soviet Union to Manchukuo with Japan guaranteeing payment of the purchase price signed at Tokyo. 23.Finance Minister H. H. Kung issued statement...”
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“...minimized. There is frank and public admission of China's inability to meet this danger in any modern military way. Insight into China's econo- mic, industrial, rural, educational, communication and governmental needs is growing in clarity. Not only is China's archeological and art history being studied but researches into all kinds of social and economic situations are under way. There are frequent reports in English on many of these subjects. For the first time, also, the Chinese have published a Year Book in English. All this indicates that China's needs and potentialities are under- going scientific scrutiny. The New China, led mainly by those with an international educational experience, has learned modern methods of study from the West and is...”
15 Page xxxiv

“... machinery and com- munication supplies. This was taken as "an indication of the great progress made in China's reconstruction pro- gram".1 Efforts at rural rebuilding loom prominent. The promotion of rural cooperatives, indeed, has become almost a nation-wide movement. Chinese commercial banks have shown a "remarkable readiness, unique in the history of cooperation, to organize and finance (coopera- tive) societies".2 Unfortunately no equal* attention is 1. China's Foreign Trade, Second half-year, 1934, page 104. 2. Page 297....”
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“...movement and General Chang Hsun restored the Manchurian monarchy for about a week by placing Henry Pu-yi on the dragon throne. The monarchical movements were unpopular and short-lived, yet there was no system of general election to provide the nation with a legitimate president, so Marshal Tuan Chi-jui assumed the title of chief executive while Marshal Chang Tso-lin called himself a generalissimo. After the death of Yuan Shih-kai, the authority of the Peking regime dwindled rapidly, so that by the year 1925 and afterwards, its authority hardly extended beyond the walls of Peking. The time was ripe and the stage was set for a great political reorganization of some kind....”
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“...fundamental financial measures, such as the adoption of a gold standard currency and the like, in order to place China's financial system on a footing equal to those of older and more permanently established governments. Finances In view of the importance of this government department, it .might be well to recount here in brief some of the outstanding features within the last few years. In 1930, the Ministry submitted a comprehensive report on the national receipts and expenditures for the fiscal year of 1928-1929, which gave the total receipts at $434,440,712.92, of which $209,536,969.49 went to military expenditure and $121,318,007.57 for debt service. Revenues The three outstanding bulwarks of China's financial system are the Customs' Administra- tion, the Salt Gabelle and the Consolidated Tax (or Intern- al Revenue Administration). Since the conclusion of the tariff autonon^y treaties, a ;more scientific system of graduated tariff has been adopted in lieu of the 5% con- ventional tariff...”
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“...China and the competent organs of the League of Nations. The Standing Committee of the Na- tional Economic Council consists of the Prime Minister, Mr. Wang Ching-wei; the President of the Legislative Yuan, Dr. Sun Fo; the Chairman of the Military Affairs Commission, General Chiang Kai-shek; the Minister of Finance, Dr. H. H. Kung; and thei ex-Minister of Finance, Dr. T. V. Soong. This very strong Standing Committee made a detailed study of the activities to be undertaken and financed during the year 1934, in addition to the work begun in 1931. Purpose of When the National Economic Council Council was inaugurated on Nov. 15th, 1931, the then Chairman of the National Govern- ment, General Chiang Kai-shek, described the purpose of the Council as follows: "The constitution of the National Economic Council clearly shows that it was the desire of the National Govern- ment to create an Advisory Council in which the principal Ministers of the Government may have the advantage of having associated...”
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“...RECONSTRUCTION 13 Foreign Since 1930, more than two dozen experts have Experts been sent by the League to China to make com- prehensive studies and surveys of conditions in China. There were( six men on hygiene and medicine, nine men on education, five men on transit and communications, four on agriculture and two on economics and finances. The expenditure of the Council as provided by the Na- tional Government, since 1931 to the end of September 1933, has totalled $4,550,000. For the year 1934, $15,000,- 000 were allotted in the following proportions: Roads ...................... $ 6,800,000 Health ............................................500,000 Cotton............................................1,000,000 Silk ................................................750,000 Kiangsi..........................................1,900,000 North-West ..................................2,500,000 Coal Survey ..................................100,000 Economic Research......................300,000 Tea.....”
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“...CHAPTER II CHINA'S RELATIONS WITH WESTERN POWERS W. H. Ma As one reviews the international relations of China during the past year, one may not fail to see that diplo- matic developments in Eastern Asia tend to center around the Sino-Japanese dispute, the one issue which drew the attention of the world, during the past few years, to the Far East. Although the subject of the present chapter is "China's Relations with Western Powers," it' seems to be necessary to take Sino-Japanese relations also into consider- ation and view the one central fact which has been dom- inant during the past few years from three different angles: namely, the reactions of the Western Powers against:(1) Japanese territorial expansion in China; (2) the Japanese struggle for economic supremacy in Eastern Asia,, and (3) the Japanese nullification of the great peace treaties concluded since the Paris Peace Conference. I. Revival of the Activities of the Powers in the Preservation or Expansion of Territorial Influences...”