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“...TI-IE
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK
BEING
"THE CHRISTIAN ME1NT
, i : 'I
/ :I
(FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE)
EDITED BY
Rev. D. MacOILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D.
A Companion Volume,44 Survey of the Missionary Occupation of China"
By Thos* Cochrane, M.Bt CM, Also an Atlas
THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA
SHANGHAI
1914...”
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“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD:
In Groat Britain by
The Religious Tract Society, Si. Paul's Churchyard, Loudon, E. C.
In Canada by
Foreign Mission Commit-too, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Toronlo.
In the United States by
Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York,...”
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Page i
“...the contents of the China
Mission Year Book for ]914. The number of topics to be
handled is not likely to diminish, and the tendency of the
book to become over-grown and unwieldy has all along been
steadily resisted. In any event it was never intended to
treat of every topic every year. Of course some subjects of
outstanding importance and perennial interest must always
find a place, but other subjects are to be found scattered
over the previous Year Books where they can be looked up by
those who wish.
The following among other topics were described in the
Year Book of 1913 and are omitted in this volume:
Christian Endeavour.
The Door of Hope.
School for the deaf at Chefco
The Tsinanfu Institute of the B.M.S.
The International Institute.
Work among Foreigners in China.
Work of the Y.W.C.A.
Leading Colleges of China.
We have been compelled to reluctantly omit the follow-
ing articles, and also some of the usual appendices from lack
of space. They may be used next year. Our apologies are
due...”
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Page ii
“...it more complete, and also to classify the returns
according to the Report of the Committee on Missionary
Statistics to the Edinburgh Continuation Committee at its
meeting at The Hague, November, 1913. (See Notes on
Statistics, following the Directory). Many thanks are due
to the Secretary of the China Continuation Committee for
very valuable suggestions in regard to the arrangement and
classification of these Statistics and also for the instructive
diagrams based on these figures. It is hoped that this may
serve as the beginning of more uniformity and accuracy in
Mission Statistical Returns.
Some articles of the present Year Book have been with
our permission reprinted elsewhere. The Year Book is glad
to extend the circulation of such material by giving authors
this privilege.
D. MacGtlljvray....”
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Page i
“...CONTENTS
PREFACE
Chapter Paue
I. GENERAL SURVEY.
Rev. A. H, Smith, D.J), 1
II. RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF AFFAIRS AND
THE CHURCH IN CHINA.
Bishop J. W. Bashfoicl. 30
1. Confucianism ..................................................................30
2. Buddhism.,..........................................................................34
3. Christianity........................................................................37
4. Christian Education................................................39
5. Christian Federation ..........................................58
III. THE CONFUCIAN REVIVAL.
Rev. H. K. Wright, 01
IV. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE
REPUBLIC. Professor L.R.O.Bevan 73
V. GOVERNMENT CHANGES.
W. Sheldon Ridge 04
V!. NANKING, THE REBELLION AND
THE CHRISTIAN CHURCHES.
Rev. P. F. Price 110
VII. WHAT ELEMENTS IN THE GOSPEL
POSSESS THE GREATEST
POWER OF APPEAL TO THE
CHINESE. Rev. C. I-I. Fenn 110
VIII. EVANGELISTIC WORK 127
1. The Need .....................P. F. Huale 127
2. A Journey...”
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“...Students, Dre W. E. Taylor 148
1). The Lecture Department of the
National Department of the Y.M.C.A.
of China............Prof. C. H. Robertson 150
10. Resolutions re New Policy in Using
Evangelists....................................... 1(52
11. To Lead Men Unto the Lord One by
One is a Good Plan for making the
Church Prosperous, Rev. Ting Li-mei 1(34
12. Some Cood Tracts for Evangelistic
Purposes..............................II. L. Xia 108
IX. THE CHINESE STUDENT VOLUNTEER
MOVEMENT FOR THE MINIS-
TRY ......................Rev. W. P. Mills 170
X. THE VARIED WORK OF THE
CHURCHES (Extracts from the
Reports.) ..............................................................................178
Baptist Missionary Society ....................................178
Presbyterian Church of England........................17!)
Reformed Church of America..............................182
American Presbyterian Mission ......................184
Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Soc..........188
London Missionary Society...”
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Page iii
“...CONTENTS.
Ill
Chapter Pake
;-. Women's Work in Manchuria
Mrs. Miskelly 232
4. What Chinese Women Have Done
and are Doing for China
Miss Mary Stone 239
XIII. WORK FOR THE CHILDREN....................................240
1. Sunday School..................................................................24(3
2. Orphanage Work in China
- .J. W. Bovver 249
XIV, THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE CHIN-
ESE CHURCH............................................................255
1. A Chinese View, Prof. Chen Kin-yung 255
2. The Independent Church in Ping-
yuan..................Rev. A. B. De Haan 261
:>. Proposed Constitution of a Chinese
Church.............Rev. W. J. Drumniond 205
4. The Independent Church in other
Provinces.......................................... 270
XV. FIFTY YEARS OF CHURCH ORGANIZA-
TION IN SOUTH FUK1EN
Rev. A. L. Warnshuis 272
XVI. THE SOCIAL SERVICE MOVEMENT IN
CHINA ........................................................................................281
1. The Chinese Church and Social...”
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“...Rev. J. Menzies 355
3. Suggested Changes in Method of Em-
ploying Evangelists......Rev. J.Griffith 305
XXII. THE WORK OF GERMAN MISSIONS
IN CHINA.........Rev. C. J. Voskamp _ 371
1. The Basel Mission......................................................373
2. Rhenish Mission ......................................................37l>
:). Liebenzeller Mission................................................379
4. The lvieler China Mission..............................382
5. The Pilgermission........................... 382
(). Mission for the Blind........................ <>83
7. Deutsche China Allianz Mission ...... 384
8. Berliner Missionsgesellschaft ......... 385
9. Weimar Mission.............................. 392
XXIII. THE WORK OF THE ANGLICAN COM-
MUNION IN CHINA
The Right Rev. Bishop Graves 394
XXIV. THE WORK OF THE PROTESTANT
MISSIONS IN SHANSI.
Rev. Paul L. Corbin 404...”
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Page v
“...OCCUPATION OF MAN-
CHURIA: MEN'S WORK.
Rev. A. Weir, M.A. 410
XXVI. SCANDINAVIAN MISSIONS IN CHINA.
Professor C. Stokstad 429
Union Work...........................................................................429
Finnish Missionary Society ....................................430
Norwegian Lutheran Mission ..............................4.31
The Norwegian Mission in China........................432
The Norwegian Missionary Society..................432
The Swedish Holiness Mission ........................433
Swedish Missionary Society....................................435
American Lutheran Mission...............................435
The Augustana Synod Mission..............................436
IT.auge's Synod Mission ...............................................438
The Lutheran Brethren Mission........................439
The Lutheran Synod Mission ..............................439
Scandinavian Alliance Mission ........................440
The Swedish American Missionary Co-
venant .................”
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Page vi
“...vi
CONTENTS.
Chapter Pafe
XXX!. LANGUAGE SCHOOLS AND CLASSES
W. B. Pettns. 499
XXXII. RECENT ADVANCES IN SINOLOGY.
Rev. S. Con ling. 502
XXXIII. HOW TWO GREAT LEGACIES HELP
CHINA ..................................................................................507
1. The Arthington Bequest.................. 507
2. The Kennedy Bequest..................... 511
XXXIV. ROMAN CATHOLIC MISSIONS IN
CHINA....................................................................................517
APPENDICES
I. List of Important Events
II. Missionary Officials
III. Obituaries.
Directory
Statistics
Index...”
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“...seems to the Occidental observer to be nearly or
quite indistinguishable from a theatrical play. Especially
has this been the case within the twenty years which have
elapsed since the war between China and Japan. In a
nonchalant manner China comes upon the stage for this
epoch-making conflict for which no preparation had been
made. There is the deadly defeat in Korea, the pictorial
flight from Port Arthur, the peace adjustment in Japan,
the astonishment and exasperation of the People of China
when the news slowly filtered down among them; the
spectacular Reform Decrees of the Emperor Kuang Hsu,
his sudden extinction by his imperious Aunt, the Empress
Dowager; the rapid incubation of the Boxer insanity, its
sickly spring flowers and its acrid summer fruit; the
dramatic Siege of the Legation, China Against the World,"
the Relief Expeditions, the flight of the Court to distant
Sianfu in bitterness and in sorrow andeighteen months
laterits imposing return with a renewed and more decisive
lease...”
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Page 2
“...GENERAL SURVEY.
The present cursory review of the year must for
convenience begin with the assembling of the National
Parliament April 8th, 1913, a body long anticipated as the
Balm for each and all of China's woes, now that representa-
tive institutions were firmly established in the Flowery Land.
It is seldom that a deliberative body meets from which
so much is hoped and with such apparent reason. The
Provincial Councils of 3 909, and the National Assembly of
1910 had displayed on the part of the participants however
casually chosen and however little qualified by experience,
an unanticipated capacity for cautious attention, for biding
their time, for prudent and cogent interrogation of the
government officials, and also for co-operation with one
another. All of that was under "the former Manchu
dynasty," this first Parliamentary meeting was under "a
Republic," where "equality" was a presupposition, and at
a time when the actual domination of China by means of a
Constitution which a large Committee...”
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“...administer the govern-
ment, and how hopeless it was to expect anything from that
body. The assassination in March at a railway station in
Shanghai of Mr. Sung Chiao-jen, the young Hunanese
leader of the Kuo Min Tang had thrown much of China
into a condition of dangerous political excitement almost
amounting to frenzy. Nothing would convince those who
wished it to be true that the government had not instigated
or even ordered this crime, and doubtless this belief still
remains and will remain, although so far as is generally
known there is nothing in favor of this theory which a
Western Court would admit as evidence. The Kuo Ming
Tang was itself a coalition of different elements, all of them
bitterly dissatisfied with Yuan as President. In central
China the more radical wing led by Huang Using, Chen
Chi-mei and others, planned for an uprising announced as
a "Second Revolution," which was elaborately organized
and equipped throughout the Yangtze valley by the mis-
appropriation of public...”
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“...Settlement to be misused as a basis
of attack upon China. The telegraph lines were defended
from rebel seizure, a waspish Shanghai journal printed in
English called the China Republican," devoted to attacking
the President and the government, was suppressed and its
editor deported. Those who are familiar with the outlines
of Chinese history know how great a part of it consists
of insurrections and bloody wars. Notwithstanding the
frightful expenditure of human life in this rebellion, the
horrible sufferings of pillaged and repillaged Nanking, the
worst experiences of 19.13 certainly bear no comparison
to those which marked the downfall of the Mings and the
advent of the Ch'ings. Several groups of foreigners were
caught in the vicious swirl of the revolutionary eddies, and
much mission work was hindered, or stopped altogether.
The rebellion was snulfed out. Had it succeeded it would
probably have been tantamount to the Mexicanization"
of China. Whenever a president had enemies, which
would always...”
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“...to his soldiers only, but to the President and to
China.a country just entering the sisterhood of Ncitions as
a Republic. For months later the presence of this bird of
ill omen in Nanking as Governor, was a cause of terror to the
city, to the great province of which it is the capital, and of
unrest to a large part of China. At length Gen. Chang was
"promoted" to a post which he never took. lie then
sullenly retired to his former quarters at Siichowfu, perhaps
at some future crisis again to emerge to work further
devastation. The career of sueh a man is to be studied
as an aid to comprehending the inherent difficulties of
governing a country in the' stage of evolution of China.
During the progress of the rebellion it was well known that
many members of the Parliament were not only in complete
sympathy with the object of the insurrection and expecting
its success, but were actually in communication with the
insurgents....”
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Page 7
“...reluctantly, for Yuan as a mere choice of evils.
The foreign powers promptly availed themselves of this
opportunity to recognize the Republic, which had already
been done (May 2nd) by the United States, and in April by
Brazil and Mexico. Towards the end of October the Com-
mittee engaged in drafting the new Constitution produced a
document, the obvious intention of which was to make the
President subordinate to the Parliament, a body which had
produced no other evidence of its ability to govern China,
than (as the President shrewdly remarked) its complete
incapacity to govern itself. -The inauguration of the
President (the Vice-President being still in command at
Wuchang) took place with great ceremony on October 10th,
the anniversary of the revolution against the Manchus two
years before, but the general public, Chinese and foreign,
were carefully excluded; and something of a gloom was
thrown over the proceedings by the discovery at the last
moment of a plot under the lead of a police officer...”
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Page 8
“...8
GENERAL SURVEY.
of politics in Western Europe was changed by a pistol shot
from behind a hedge. Such a distance has China already
travelled since December 1905 when the abortive attempt was
made to blow up the Imperial Constitutional Commissioners
on their leaving Peking that it is at present quite possible
that the liberation of the chemical forces imprisoned within
one tiny bomb might reduce China to a wild welter of
chaos.
On the 4th of November, not only Peking, but all
China, and indeed the World was electrified by the issue of
an extended presidential Mandate summarily dissolving the
Kuo Min Tang, on the ground (amply sustained by
incriminating telegrams incorporated in the order) of the
treasonable complicity of its leaders in the late rebellion.
Its members were incapacitated for acting as officials of any
sort, and for membership in the National Parliament, which,
by the lack of a quorum, was thus reduced to non-existence.
For this far reaching and drastic Mandate it wa.s
understood...”
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Page 9
“...OR THE PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM. 9
by Parliament. Instead of this, however, as an intermediate
step there was appointed a Political Council of seventy or
eighty members, representing merely the government. This
body had advisory functions only, find began its sessions
December 29tli, discussing with great deliberation a wide
variety of topics. In these months everything has been sent
to the melting-pot. The Cabinet system is pitted against
the "Presidential system," and is found to be unsuited to
China. The plan of inquiry adopted is a replica of that of
the Grand Empress Dowager under "the late Manchus."
Orders were issued, for example, to the Political Council
that the two systems just mentioned should be analyzed as
to their feasibility. Then follows the discussion in the
Council. They at length decide that upon the whole the
Presidential system seems the better (for assigned reasons)
upon which the various Military Governors, or Tutuhs, are
instructed to telegraph their opinions upon this...”
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Page 10
“...10
GENERAL SURVEY.
around him of such exceptional capacity that it appeared
that no better choices could have been made. The Premier
began his official career by issuing a long and elaborate
"Policy," a state paper of a kind hitherto unknown in
China, in which lie dealt with existing evils with a refresh-
ing not to say an amazing frankness. But before it had had
time to effect anything of importance this widely adver-
tised collection of All-the-Talents" began to fall to
pieces. In February the Premier resigned, mentioning in
his letter to the President that' he was a man of an obstinate
disposition and did not find it easy to adapt himself to the
views of others! The sudden death of Cliao Ping-chun, a
former Premier, Tutuh of Ohihli, an official of ability and
experience, was a distinct loss to the Government. When
Mr. Liang Ch'i-ch'ao joined the Cabinet it was recognized
that his learning, especially in law affairs, would be a
powerful support to the President. But he, too, abandoned...”
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Page 11
“...rendered excellent service to educated Chinese by publishing
essays and lectures in English newspapers in Peking upon
themes relating to the principles of government and of re-
form in China.
The existence of an armed rebellion during a consider-
able part of the past year, was not favorable to the exercise
of popular right,s, which day by day visibly diminished.
Martial Law was proclaimed over a large part of China, and
this meant arbitrary arrests, trialif such it could be
termedwith no regard to forms of law, and in secret, and ex-
ecutions continuously and upon a large scale all over China,
particularly in the great centers, such as Peking, and the
leading provincial capitals. To inquire into the aggregate
of the wholly unreported executions is vain, but there is
reason to suppose that for all China the total must have been
many tens of thousands. In the single province of Szechwan
it was said, upon what authority can not be affirmed, that
there must have been between twenty and thirty...”
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