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Your search within this document for 'year' resulted in 244 matching pages.
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Page 0
“...TI-IE
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK
BEING
"THE CHRISTIAN ME1NT
, i : 'I
/ :I
(FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE)
EDITED BY
Rev. D. MacOILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D.
A Companion Volume,44 Survey of the Missionary Occupation of China"
By Thos* Cochrane, M.Bt CM, Also an Atlas
THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA
SHANGHAI
1914...”
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“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD:
In Groat Britain by
The Religious Tract Society, Si. Paul's Churchyard, Loudon, E. C.
In Canada by
Foreign Mission Commit-too, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Toronlo.
In the United States by
Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York,...”
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“...contents of the China
Mission Year Book for ]914. The number of topics to be
handled is not likely to diminish, and the tendency of the
book to become over-grown and unwieldy has all along been
steadily resisted. In any event it was never intended to
treat of every topic every year. Of course some subjects of
outstanding importance and perennial interest must always
find a place, but other subjects are to be found scattered
over the previous Year Books where they can be looked up by
those who wish.
The following among other topics were described in the
Year Book of 1913 and are omitted in this volume:
Christian Endeavour.
The Door of Hope.
School for the deaf at Chefco
The Tsinanfu Institute of the B.M.S.
The International Institute.
Work among Foreigners in China.
Work of the Y.W.C.A.
Leading Colleges of China.
We have been compelled to reluctantly omit the follow-
ing articles, and also some of the usual appendices from lack
of space. They may be used next year. Our apologies are
due to the...”
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Page ii
“...meeting at The Hague, November, 1913. (See Notes on
Statistics, following the Directory). Many thanks are due
to the Secretary of the China Continuation Committee for
very valuable suggestions in regard to the arrangement and
classification of these Statistics and also for the instructive
diagrams based on these figures. It is hoped that this may
serve as the beginning of more uniformity and accuracy in
Mission Statistical Returns.
Some articles of the present Year Book have been with
our permission reprinted elsewhere. The Year Book is glad
to extend the circulation of such material by giving authors
this privilege.
D. MacGtlljvray....”
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Page v
“...Nagel 449
4 Bible Translation and Revision
Rev. G. H. Bond field 453
5. British and Foreign Bible Society
Rev. G. H. Bond field 455
6. The American Bible Society............ 457
7. National Bible Society of Scotland ... 460
8. Scripture Commentaries in Chinese,
Rev. G. A. Clayton 462
9. The Chinese Recorder
Rev. F. Rawlinsun 468
XXVIII. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS-
SOCIATIONS OF CHINA IN 1913-
F. S. Brockman. 472
XXIX. THE EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION
OF CHINA. Rev. F. D. Gamevvell. 478
XXX. THE FIRST YEAR OF THE CHINA
CONTINUATION COMMITTEE.
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine. 484...”
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“...2
GENERAL SURVEY.
The present cursory review of the year must for
convenience begin with the assembling of the National
Parliament April 8th, 1913, a body long anticipated as the
Balm for each and all of China's woes, now that representa-
tive institutions were firmly established in the Flowery Land.
It is seldom that a deliberative body meets from which
so much is hoped and with such apparent reason. The
Provincial Councils of 3 909, and the National Assembly of
1910 had displayed on the part of the participants however
casually chosen and however little qualified by experience,
an unanticipated capacity for cautious attention, for biding
their time, for prudent and cogent interrogation of the
government officials, and also for co-operation with one
another. All of that was under "the former Manchu
dynasty," this first Parliamentary meeting was under "a
Republic," where "equality" was a presupposition, and at
a time when the actual domination of China by means of a
Constitution which a...”
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Page 11
“...ELIMINATION OF DEMOCRACY.
11
rendered excellent service to educated Chinese by publishing
essays and lectures in English newspapers in Peking upon
themes relating to the principles of government and of re-
form in China.
The existence of an armed rebellion during a consider-
able part of the past year, was not favorable to the exercise
of popular right,s, which day by day visibly diminished.
Martial Law was proclaimed over a large part of China, and
this meant arbitrary arrests, trialif such it could be
termedwith no regard to forms of law, and in secret, and ex-
ecutions continuously and upon a large scale all over China,
particularly in the great centers, such as Peking, and the
leading provincial capitals. To inquire into the aggregate
of the wholly unreported executions is vain, but there is
reason to suppose that for all China the total must have been
many tens of thousands. In the single province of Szechwan
it was said, upon what authority can not be affirmed, that
there must have...”
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Page 12
“...impeach and get rid of an obnoxious official, with a celerity
and a certainty never before known within the Four Seas.
Furthermore, the local bodies with Chinese practicality
devoted their attention to taxes and to law-suits, so that
instead of having to reckon with one authority there were a
dozen or more, and the money disappearedsomewhere. As
soon as the rebellion was fully extinguished all this was
recognized in Peking as contrary to the genius of true
republicanism, and early in the present year all the local
bodies were relegated to the obscurity out of which they had
recently emerged. The Magistrates were delighted, and so,
too, were the people, for with ail the corruption of the
Ch'ing period no such flagrant and promiscuous bribery had
ever been known. In some of the large cities, however,
where new ideas and methods have obtained a foothold, the
change is a distinct loss in efficiency and perhaps in
integrity.
When Mr. Liang Ch'i-ch'ao became a member of the
Cabinet it was with the...”
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Page 14
“...controlled by
foreigners. Li was sent for, it was said, that Yuan might
have him under observation, he was 'a prisoner' in Peking,
he had no visible duties, and was reduced to a nullity, he
had offered to resign as being but a superfluous wheel to a
well equipped coach, &c., &c. More recently this chatter has
ceased, and he is now reported to have declined the important
post of Tutuh in the metropolitan province of Chihli, as lie
needs rest from official cares. Tlis ten year old daughter
is now betrothed to the twelve year old son of the
President, upon which occasion the Vice-President present-
ed to his future son-in-law "a nice frock-coat, a ceremonial
hat, two gold watches, and a number of good books, and the
President sent him in return gold rings, bracelets, other
ornaments worth some two thousand dollarsor more."...”
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Page 15
“...and an incongruous
mixture of Chinese and of Western ways which is satisfac-
tory neither to the East nor to the West. The policy of the
government appears to have been to encourage a general
return to the old methods of celebrating holidays, and in
1914 the Western New Year was practically ignored all over
China, except in government offices, and the like. The
unfeigned joy of the Chinese people at this return to
rationality was touching. The Moon, which was criticized
a year ago for its obtuseness in not taking the broad hint
that it was no longer either needed or wanted, is now
justified by having regained her place as Queen of Heaven;
fairs, markets, Heaven's Stems and Earth's Branches, the due
admixture of the lunar year with the solar four and twenty
Periods according to which birds come and go, grain is
planted, fur hats are put off and summer hats are put on,
insects stir, and the breath of spring is dividedall these now
go on as before according to the x>attem followed in ancient...”
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Page 17
“...Confucius is ancient, that it
has nothing to do with religion (tsnncj-chiao) ; Catholics,
Protestants, Mohammedans, and men of other religious
faiths will find nothing to keep them from entering official
life. If the District Magistrates for any reason are not
able, or do not wish to worship Confucius, the ceremony may
be conducted by some one else." Thus for the present the
matter is shelved, but if it is not heard of again, China will
be an exception to the general history of mankind.*
In a year in which a great and a widespread rebellion
has distracted China it is not to be expected that normal
conditions should prevail. Before the rebellion began there
was trouble over the disbanding of the Chinese troops, and
vast sums were required for this purpose. Yet when the
men ^ere dismissed, not infrequently with a considerable
bonus to mollify them, the country was far worse off than
before. In many cases the soldiers were allowed to carry
their armsor a part of themwith them, and thus there...”
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“...TRADE OF CHINA.
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still to be rclearned? Currency reform, of which we seem
to have heard somewhere before, has during the past year
been pushed to great lengths, that, namely, of printing scores
of columns of "Regulations" in the papers, of what is to be
done when it is done. The decisions are for the most part
admirable, but for lack of a Currency Loan into still air
they seem to fleet. The Trade of China for 191-3, in spite
of the Rebellion, was remarkable and encouraging. The
Customs receipts surpassed by more than four million
taels the highest previous record. With peace and order
China would astonish the World. Can she have them?
There is intense activity in every bureau in elaborating
those "Rules and Regulations" in which China delights to
express herself; the most recent output being Mining
Regulations of great minuteness, which are said to be at
once admirable and preposterous, a reincarnation of what
was wrought with great care and at vast expense twenty
years ago,, laid aside...”
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Page 24
“...24
GENERAL SURVEY.
bind China to i'urnisJi ore at much less tlian market rates
(as is alleged) seems to endanger the autonomy of the
country.
During the past year concessions for railways under
the construction of companies representing many of the
Powers have been agreed upon, to China's presumptive
advantage. But as all these are as yet 'air-lines7 it is not
perhaps worth while to point out where they may eventually
alight.
A few years ago the American lied Cross Society sent
to China an engineer, Mr. C. D. Jameson, to survey the
region inundated by the overflow of the ITuai River (and
other streams) in the Anliwei and Kiangsu provinces. The
Society furnished funds in co-operation with others by which
a large relief work was carried on, the beneficial effect of
which was wide- spread. In the month of January last an
arrangement was concluded by which the Red Cross Society
is allowed a year's option to raise a loan of twenty .million
dollars (gold) for the reclamation of an area estimated...”
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Page 25
“...opium. Within this period there have been more public
burnings of opium than ever before. Backward provinces
such as Kweichow and Kansu have taken efficient steps
to prevent the production of opium, and in the like
efforts several other provinces show conspicuous success.
To prevent the suppression of opium from degenerating
into a system of "squeeze" and of blackmail has re-
quired, and Avill require, unceasing diligence and courage.
A National Prohibition Opium Union was formed during
the past year in Peking, under the lead of Gen. L. Chang,
who was sent as its representative to England to take a
message from the Chinese people, and to urge speedy opium
prohibition. Through the courtesy of the Government in
granting the use of the telegraph the International Reform
Bureau has co-operated in this work in many ways, calling
the attention of Tutuhs and Civil Governors to known
violations of law. The huge stocks of opium held in
Shanghai, amounting to between 13,000 and 14,000 chests,
have been...”
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“... A harmless Esperanto Society in
Peking was raided and its papers confiscated, turning it
into Desperanto instead. The. iVlanchus and Bannermen are
known to be starving and their wails are heard on all hands,
but the only practical relief of which Ave hear thus far is an
elaborate History of the Ch'ings, in the fulsome and
complimentary Presidential Order authorizing which, we are
told, that the most memorable act of this Dynasty was its
abdication. Many prominent Chinese have died within the
year, but perhaps no one of them was more useful to China
than Mr. Tang Kai-sen, the representative of China at the
International Opium Conference at Shanghai in 1909, and
at the time of his lamented death Director of the Chjmg
Una College for Chinese students preparing for study in
America, an educator and a Christian patriot whom China
can ill afford to lose.
The present government of China is a compact Oligarchy,
few in numbers, but with steadily growing power. It bears
no more resemblance to a...”
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Page 37
“...suffered
martyrdom for our common faith, and we can well under-
stand the profound sorrow and discouragement through
which some Missions are passing. We are glad to record
the fact that the martyrs of .1913 have died as heroically as
the martyrs of 1900. We thank God for His presence and
keeping power vouchsafed, to our brothers and sisters
in their hour of trial, and we are assured that to-day as of
old the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church."
If we can obtain the names we hope next year to publish the
list of martyrs.
On the other hand, the very uncertainty in political
affairs affords an unparalleled opportunity for service.
Just as Avar and plague especially demand the help of...”
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Page 41
“...a public function. l)r. 11. M. Biggs, head of the Public
Health Department of New York State, says that the death
rate in the civilized world during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries as nearly as can be ascertained averaged
from fifty to seventy-five per thousand. Possibly the death
rate may not he far from that figure in some portions of
China to-day. But Dr. Biggs calls attention to the fact
that for every person who dies each year there are some
ten to fifteen persons disqualified for work by illness for a
longer or shorter portion of the year. He further points
out the fact that the death rate in New York has been cut
from thirty-six per thousand in 1866 to fourteen per
thousand in 1913. We may be reasonably sure that the
dentil rate in China is at least as high to-day as it was in
New York in 1866. It is possible from the gains in Jife and
health which have been made in western lands that China
can add an average of five years to tiie length of her
people's life with corresponding...”
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Page 49
“...will cost as much to furnish Christian education
to the 100 in the lower schools as to the one student in the
college. Indeed, any fair calculation will recognize that the
Missions ought to provide for a larger budget for Christian
education below the college rank than for the Christian
colleges. But what must we fix as the budget for a modern
Christian college in China?
Turning to the cost of a Christian college in China, two
or three are now spending fifty to seventy thousand dollars
gold a year in their annual budget. But these colleges must
increase their expenditures in the immediate future if they
A-7...”
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Page 51
“...UNIVERSITIES AT HOME AND IN THE FAR EAST.
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from one to two million dollars gold every year. In
addition to these sixteen universities, there are six more each
of which spends over $750,000 gold annually for its
students and several more over $500,000 gold each. There
are forty-four institutions limiting themselves to four years
college instruction, one of which spends over $1,000,000 a
year, four more over $750,000 a year, and ten more over
$500,000 a year, while thirteen more spend over $300,000 a
year. In all, therefore, there are one hundred and nineteen
institutions each of which spends over $300,000 per year for
its students. In Canada there are some twenty-five colleges
whose annual incomes do not average as high as the one
hundred and nineteen already described; but most of these
are doing good scholastic work and all. of them are open to
Chinese students. Turning to Europe, there are thirty-one
universities and colleges in the United Kingdom outside of
Oxford and Cambridge. In...”
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Page 52
“...finest preparation willing to work on missionary salaries
rather than upon the higher salaries often paid in America.
But with all these considerations in mind, is it statesmanlike
for us to plan to conduct Christian colleges in China without
an annual budget which during the next five years will rise
to $100,000 gold a year for each college"? In addition to
this, in order to have Christian material for our colleges, we
must certainly spend at least as much for the great mass of
students in the schools below the colleges as for the small
group of students in the college proper. This would
demand an annual budget for each Christian plant of
substantially $200,000 gold a year. Moreover, it is simply
impossible to establish and maintain a Christian civilization
without Christian homes and without educated Christian
women in these homes. Inasmuch as coeducation is at
present impracticable in China, the Christian church as a
whole ought to provide for the education of girls in all the
schools...”
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