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“...TI-IE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK BEING "THE CHRISTIAN ME1NT , i : 'I / :I (FIFTH YEAR OF ISSUE) EDITED BY Rev. D. MacOILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D. A Companion Volume,44 Survey of the Missionary Occupation of China" By Thos* Cochrane, M.Bt CM, Also an Atlas THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA SHANGHAI 1914...”
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“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD: In Groat Britain by The Religious Tract Society, Si. Paul's Churchyard, Loudon, E. C. In Canada by Foreign Mission Commit-too, Presbyterian Church in Canada, Toronlo. In the United States by Missionary Education Movement, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York,...”
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“...contents of the China Mission Year Book for ]914. The number of topics to be handled is not likely to diminish, and the tendency of the book to become over-grown and unwieldy has all along been steadily resisted. In any event it was never intended to treat of every topic every year. Of course some subjects of outstanding importance and perennial interest must always find a place, but other subjects are to be found scattered over the previous Year Books where they can be looked up by those who wish. The following among other topics were described in the Year Book of 1913 and are omitted in this volume: Christian Endeavour. The Door of Hope. School for the deaf at Chefco The Tsinanfu Institute of the B.M.S. The International Institute. Work among Foreigners in China. Work of the Y.W.C.A. Leading Colleges of China. We have been compelled to reluctantly omit the follow- ing articles, and also some of the usual appendices from lack of space. They may be used next year. Our apologies are due to the...”
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“...meeting at The Hague, November, 1913. (See Notes on Statistics, following the Directory). Many thanks are due to the Secretary of the China Continuation Committee for very valuable suggestions in regard to the arrangement and classification of these Statistics and also for the instructive diagrams based on these figures. It is hoped that this may serve as the beginning of more uniformity and accuracy in Mission Statistical Returns. Some articles of the present Year Book have been with our permission reprinted elsewhere. The Year Book is glad to extend the circulation of such material by giving authors this privilege. D. MacGtlljvray....”
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“...Nagel 449 4 Bible Translation and Revision Rev. G. H. Bond field 453 5. British and Foreign Bible Society Rev. G. H. Bond field 455 6. The American Bible Society............ 457 7. National Bible Society of Scotland ... 460 8. Scripture Commentaries in Chinese, Rev. G. A. Clayton 462 9. The Chinese Recorder Rev. F. Rawlinsun 468 XXVIII. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN AS- SOCIATIONS OF CHINA IN 1913- F. S. Brockman. 472 XXIX. THE EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF CHINA. Rev. F. D. Gamevvell. 478 XXX. THE FIRST YEAR OF THE CHINA CONTINUATION COMMITTEE. Rev. E. C. Lobenstine. 484...”
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“...2 GENERAL SURVEY. The present cursory review of the year must for convenience begin with the assembling of the National Parliament April 8th, 1913, a body long anticipated as the Balm for each and all of China's woes, now that representa- tive institutions were firmly established in the Flowery Land. It is seldom that a deliberative body meets from which so much is hoped and with such apparent reason. The Provincial Councils of 3 909, and the National Assembly of 1910 had displayed on the part of the participants however casually chosen and however little qualified by experience, an unanticipated capacity for cautious attention, for biding their time, for prudent and cogent interrogation of the government officials, and also for co-operation with one another. All of that was under "the former Manchu dynasty," this first Parliamentary meeting was under "a Republic," where "equality" was a presupposition, and at a time when the actual domination of China by means of a Constitution which a...”
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“...ELIMINATION OF DEMOCRACY. 11 rendered excellent service to educated Chinese by publishing essays and lectures in English newspapers in Peking upon themes relating to the principles of government and of re- form in China. The existence of an armed rebellion during a consider- able part of the past year, was not favorable to the exercise of popular right,s, which day by day visibly diminished. Martial Law was proclaimed over a large part of China, and this meant arbitrary arrests, trialif such it could be termedwith no regard to forms of law, and in secret, and ex- ecutions continuously and upon a large scale all over China, particularly in the great centers, such as Peking, and the leading provincial capitals. To inquire into the aggregate of the wholly unreported executions is vain, but there is reason to suppose that for all China the total must have been many tens of thousands. In the single province of Szechwan it was said, upon what authority can not be affirmed, that there must have...”
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“...impeach and get rid of an obnoxious official, with a celerity and a certainty never before known within the Four Seas. Furthermore, the local bodies with Chinese practicality devoted their attention to taxes and to law-suits, so that instead of having to reckon with one authority there were a dozen or more, and the money disappearedsomewhere. As soon as the rebellion was fully extinguished all this was recognized in Peking as contrary to the genius of true republicanism, and early in the present year all the local bodies were relegated to the obscurity out of which they had recently emerged. The Magistrates were delighted, and so, too, were the people, for with ail the corruption of the Ch'ing period no such flagrant and promiscuous bribery had ever been known. In some of the large cities, however, where new ideas and methods have obtained a foothold, the change is a distinct loss in efficiency and perhaps in integrity. When Mr. Liang Ch'i-ch'ao became a member of the Cabinet it was with the...”
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“...controlled by foreigners. Li was sent for, it was said, that Yuan might have him under observation, he was 'a prisoner' in Peking, he had no visible duties, and was reduced to a nullity, he had offered to resign as being but a superfluous wheel to a well equipped coach, &c., &c. More recently this chatter has ceased, and he is now reported to have declined the important post of Tutuh in the metropolitan province of Chihli, as lie needs rest from official cares. Tlis ten year old daughter is now betrothed to the twelve year old son of the President, upon which occasion the Vice-President present- ed to his future son-in-law "a nice frock-coat, a ceremonial hat, two gold watches, and a number of good books, and the President sent him in return gold rings, bracelets, other ornaments worth some two thousand dollarsor more."...”
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“...and an incongruous mixture of Chinese and of Western ways which is satisfac- tory neither to the East nor to the West. The policy of the government appears to have been to encourage a general return to the old methods of celebrating holidays, and in 1914 the Western New Year was practically ignored all over China, except in government offices, and the like. The unfeigned joy of the Chinese people at this return to rationality was touching. The Moon, which was criticized a year ago for its obtuseness in not taking the broad hint that it was no longer either needed or wanted, is now justified by having regained her place as Queen of Heaven; fairs, markets, Heaven's Stems and Earth's Branches, the due admixture of the lunar year with the solar four and twenty Periods according to which birds come and go, grain is planted, fur hats are put off and summer hats are put on, insects stir, and the breath of spring is dividedall these now go on as before according to the x>attem followed in ancient...”
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“...Confucius is ancient, that it has nothing to do with religion (tsnncj-chiao) ; Catholics, Protestants, Mohammedans, and men of other religious faiths will find nothing to keep them from entering official life. If the District Magistrates for any reason are not able, or do not wish to worship Confucius, the ceremony may be conducted by some one else." Thus for the present the matter is shelved, but if it is not heard of again, China will be an exception to the general history of mankind.* In a year in which a great and a widespread rebellion has distracted China it is not to be expected that normal conditions should prevail. Before the rebellion began there was trouble over the disbanding of the Chinese troops, and vast sums were required for this purpose. Yet when the men ^ere dismissed, not infrequently with a considerable bonus to mollify them, the country was far worse off than before. In many cases the soldiers were allowed to carry their armsor a part of themwith them, and thus there...”
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“...TRADE OF CHINA. 23 still to be rclearned? Currency reform, of which we seem to have heard somewhere before, has during the past year been pushed to great lengths, that, namely, of printing scores of columns of "Regulations" in the papers, of what is to be done when it is done. The decisions are for the most part admirable, but for lack of a Currency Loan into still air they seem to fleet. The Trade of China for 191-3, in spite of the Rebellion, was remarkable and encouraging. The Customs receipts surpassed by more than four million taels the highest previous record. With peace and order China would astonish the World. Can she have them? There is intense activity in every bureau in elaborating those "Rules and Regulations" in which China delights to express herself; the most recent output being Mining Regulations of great minuteness, which are said to be at once admirable and preposterous, a reincarnation of what was wrought with great care and at vast expense twenty years ago,, laid aside...”
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“...24 GENERAL SURVEY. bind China to i'urnisJi ore at much less tlian market rates (as is alleged) seems to endanger the autonomy of the country. During the past year concessions for railways under the construction of companies representing many of the Powers have been agreed upon, to China's presumptive advantage. But as all these are as yet 'air-lines7 it is not perhaps worth while to point out where they may eventually alight. A few years ago the American lied Cross Society sent to China an engineer, Mr. C. D. Jameson, to survey the region inundated by the overflow of the ITuai River (and other streams) in the Anliwei and Kiangsu provinces. The Society furnished funds in co-operation with others by which a large relief work was carried on, the beneficial effect of which was wide- spread. In the month of January last an arrangement was concluded by which the Red Cross Society is allowed a year's option to raise a loan of twenty .million dollars (gold) for the reclamation of an area estimated...”
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“...opium. Within this period there have been more public burnings of opium than ever before. Backward provinces such as Kweichow and Kansu have taken efficient steps to prevent the production of opium, and in the like efforts several other provinces show conspicuous success. To prevent the suppression of opium from degenerating into a system of "squeeze" and of blackmail has re- quired, and Avill require, unceasing diligence and courage. A National Prohibition Opium Union was formed during the past year in Peking, under the lead of Gen. L. Chang, who was sent as its representative to England to take a message from the Chinese people, and to urge speedy opium prohibition. Through the courtesy of the Government in granting the use of the telegraph the International Reform Bureau has co-operated in this work in many ways, calling the attention of Tutuhs and Civil Governors to known violations of law. The huge stocks of opium held in Shanghai, amounting to between 13,000 and 14,000 chests, have been...”
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“... A harmless Esperanto Society in Peking was raided and its papers confiscated, turning it into Desperanto instead. The. iVlanchus and Bannermen are known to be starving and their wails are heard on all hands, but the only practical relief of which Ave hear thus far is an elaborate History of the Ch'ings, in the fulsome and complimentary Presidential Order authorizing which, we are told, that the most memorable act of this Dynasty was its abdication. Many prominent Chinese have died within the year, but perhaps no one of them was more useful to China than Mr. Tang Kai-sen, the representative of China at the International Opium Conference at Shanghai in 1909, and at the time of his lamented death Director of the Chjmg Una College for Chinese students preparing for study in America, an educator and a Christian patriot whom China can ill afford to lose. The present government of China is a compact Oligarchy, few in numbers, but with steadily growing power. It bears no more resemblance to a...”
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“...suffered martyrdom for our common faith, and we can well under- stand the profound sorrow and discouragement through which some Missions are passing. We are glad to record the fact that the martyrs of .1913 have died as heroically as the martyrs of 1900. We thank God for His presence and keeping power vouchsafed, to our brothers and sisters in their hour of trial, and we are assured that to-day as of old the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church." If we can obtain the names we hope next year to publish the list of martyrs. On the other hand, the very uncertainty in political affairs affords an unparalleled opportunity for service. Just as Avar and plague especially demand the help of...”
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“...a public function. l)r. 11. M. Biggs, head of the Public Health Department of New York State, says that the death rate in the civilized world during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as nearly as can be ascertained averaged from fifty to seventy-five per thousand. Possibly the death rate may not he far from that figure in some portions of China to-day. But Dr. Biggs calls attention to the fact that for every person who dies each year there are some ten to fifteen persons disqualified for work by illness for a longer or shorter portion of the year. He further points out the fact that the death rate in New York has been cut from thirty-six per thousand in 1866 to fourteen per thousand in 1913. We may be reasonably sure that the dentil rate in China is at least as high to-day as it was in New York in 1866. It is possible from the gains in Jife and health which have been made in western lands that China can add an average of five years to tiie length of her people's life with corresponding...”
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“...will cost as much to furnish Christian education to the 100 in the lower schools as to the one student in the college. Indeed, any fair calculation will recognize that the Missions ought to provide for a larger budget for Christian education below the college rank than for the Christian colleges. But what must we fix as the budget for a modern Christian college in China? Turning to the cost of a Christian college in China, two or three are now spending fifty to seventy thousand dollars gold a year in their annual budget. But these colleges must increase their expenditures in the immediate future if they A-7...”
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“...UNIVERSITIES AT HOME AND IN THE FAR EAST. 51 from one to two million dollars gold every year. In addition to these sixteen universities, there are six more each of which spends over $750,000 gold annually for its students and several more over $500,000 gold each. There are forty-four institutions limiting themselves to four years college instruction, one of which spends over $1,000,000 a year, four more over $750,000 a year, and ten more over $500,000 a year, while thirteen more spend over $300,000 a year. In all, therefore, there are one hundred and nineteen institutions each of which spends over $300,000 per year for its students. In Canada there are some twenty-five colleges whose annual incomes do not average as high as the one hundred and nineteen already described; but most of these are doing good scholastic work and all. of them are open to Chinese students. Turning to Europe, there are thirty-one universities and colleges in the United Kingdom outside of Oxford and Cambridge. In...”
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“...finest preparation willing to work on missionary salaries rather than upon the higher salaries often paid in America. But with all these considerations in mind, is it statesmanlike for us to plan to conduct Christian colleges in China without an annual budget which during the next five years will rise to $100,000 gold a year for each college"? In addition to this, in order to have Christian material for our colleges, we must certainly spend at least as much for the great mass of students in the schools below the colleges as for the small group of students in the college proper. This would demand an annual budget for each Christian plant of substantially $200,000 gold a year. Moreover, it is simply impossible to establish and maintain a Christian civilization without Christian homes and without educated Christian women in these homes. Inasmuch as coeducation is at present impracticable in China, the Christian church as a whole ought to provide for the education of girls in all the schools...”