Chinese School-Books Romanized. No. 1
THE THREE-CHARACTER CLASSIC*
三S a n -å—z z -ç¶“K y u n g・
Romanized according to the Reading Sound at Shanghai, by E. Jenkins; and the upper and lower series of the even, rising, departing
and abrupt Tones dearly indicated.
[The literal translation is intended to furnish the meaning of the char-
acter in each particular place, while Dr. Bridgman's free Translation is
appended for the use of such persons unacquainted with Chinese as wish,
to obtain the spirit of the original. The names of persons and places in
the free translation are according to the Mandarin, and in the literal
translation according to the Shanghai dialect.]
Men, nt their birth, are by nature radically good;
人Zim之tszåˆæ€§sing"本'pirn å–„çš¿;
Man :s original nature root good
In this, all approximate, but in practice widely diverge.
性Sing:相si«ng 近^yung,習dsih 相si^pg 速如农
Nature mutually approaches practice mutually diverges
If not educated, the natural character is changed;
苟Keu"ä¸peh æ•™kyaai:性sing"乃'n6 é·ts?e":
If not. taugh t nature is changed
A course of education is madejMluable by close application. ,
æ•™Kyait之tszé“血貴kw&以'yf 專輕严
IhcMlon 自 &rine> valuable with Ration
1
2
o Of old, Mang's mother selected a residence^
昔Sih åŸ Mung< æ¯'mH, 擇 dsuh é„° ling 處t曲;
Formerly Mung?s mother selected a-neighborhoocl
And when her son did not learn, cut out the half-wove web.
å'Tsz ä¸peh å¸ æ–·C® 機 æ¼ sil.
Son not learn cut loom shuttle
Tan of Yenshan, having adopted good regulations,
WDeu^ 燕Yie必 山S"% 有'艸 義ny" 方 foilg,
Deu. (of) Swallow -hill had right plans
Educated five sons, who all became renowned・
æ•™ KyaW 五7 å'tsz? å ming 俱 kyii æšåŠ ng.
Educated five sons fame of all spread
To bring up and not educate, is a father's fault;
養,Fang ä¸peh æ•™ kyait 艾Vlf 之 tsz' éŽki"
Bring-up not teach father >s fault
10 To educate without rigor, shows a tcaclier's indolence・
æ•™KyE ä¸peh åš´Ryieå½¹ 師sz 之tsz 惰
Teach not restrain teacher 9 laziness
Th a t boys should not learn, is an improper t king;
å'Tsz Son ä¸peh å¸ç¥–h éžä¼ æ‰€åŠ å®œnyf
not learn not which proper
For if they do not learn in youth, what will they do when old?
å¹¼ Yeif Youth ä¸peh not learn è€bu old ä½•åŠ what 爲泌? be?
Gems im・wrought, can form nothing useful;
玉Ny6h ä¸peh ç¢ tsoh cut ä¸peh æˆdsung 器tySï¼›
Gem not not complete vessel
So mail, untaught, can never know his proper duties.
人Zun Man ä¸peh not 叿³Œh learn ä¸peh not 知tsz know 義nyE righ t
15 Let the sons of men, while yet in early life,
爲肌 Be 人zmi merfs å,tsz sons æ–¹ fong in å°‘ sni! early 時zz, time
With teachers and friends practise what is'^^orous and proper.
親 Ts'ing 師 sz Associated-with teachers å‹â€˜è‰¸ iriends è„… dsih practising 禮H propriety å„€"1・ right
3
Iliang iu his ninth year, could warm [his parents*] bed;
香Hyang ä¹Kyeu >ling 能rnrng jHavuii å¸ dsih;
[MasterJ B ragrance nine ? years could warm (and cool) mat
Duty to parents, ought carefully to be maintained.
åHygæ–¼ 親 ts'ing 所'sif ç•¶ tong 執tseh.
Jbilial-duty to parents which ought-to-be maintained
Yung in his fourth year, could give i ip his pear;
èž Mug,å›› sz, :æ² s6iï¼› 能mmg 讓涵 ;黎心
[Master] Splendor four years could yield pear
20 Duty to elders, ought early to be understoo d・
弟DP 於如 長'ts心g; 宜nyf 先 sie% 知 tsz.
r raternal-du ty to elders ough t first to-know
First, practise filial and fraternal duties; next, see and hear;
首,Sen å hyaii/ å¼Ÿå§ æ¬¡ts乞 見kyieåŠ èž vun,
First filial fraternal nex t see hear
Under staud I certain classifications, and acquire certain rules・
知Tsz æŸ'men 數Sè®· è˜suh æŸ'meu æ–‡ vim.
Know certain numbers understand certain literature
Units advance to tens, tens ascend to hundreds ;
—Ih 而曲 å zeh: åzeh 而rh 百 puh,
One and ten ten and hundred
Hundreds to thousands, and thousands to myriads.
tgTiih 而Th : åƒts'ie笃 åƒtMie" 而rh è¬vaM
Hundred and thousand thousand and 10,000
25 There i ire three powers, heaven, earth, and man.
三汕 æ‰ds6 者'ts6? 天 tAe†地dP 人 zim:-
Three powers (,) heaven earth man
There are three lights, the sun: moon, and stars・
—一■二 光kwong 者'ts& 日zeh 月 星 sing.
Three lights (,) sun moon stars
There are three bonds, bet ween prince and minister. .justice;
三Sa†綱 Rong 者'ts& å› kyiin gdsun 義 nyf;
Three bonds (,) prince minister justice
Between father and son ,affection*; between man and wife, agreement.
å'tsz: 親 tMing, 夫flf 婦vHï¼› é † zrnil
Father son affection husband wife agreement.
4
ã€Ve speak of spring and summer, of autumn and winter;
曰Y6h春ts「
AVe-say äº ä¸€
sun
spring
å¤äº¦æ›°0hç§‹tUieu
" autumn
summer, and
冬 tifng,
winter
30 These are
æ¤'Tsåƒ
These
four seasons, which incessantly revolve.
å››sz
four
時Z%
seasons
é‹ä¸peh
revolve
not
窮 gyHng.
cease
We speak
æ›°F6h
AVe-say
of south and
å—n®
south
north, also
北pg
north
east;
曰0h西Si
and wes t
of west and
æ±tlå¨
east
These are
æ¤'Tsl
These
four points,
四sz<方fon
foui* points
which tend
to wards the centre ・
應yungc乎åŠ
connect
to
ä¸ tsilng.
t be-middle
speak
曰禺6h
We-say
wood, metal,
水,s6i ç« hi!
of water, fire,
water
fire
and earth;
木 m6h 金 kyin
wood
metal
土 PM ;
earth
These five
æ¤'Ts"z
These
elemen ts.
are
the sources
of
五W 行炉mg,
five
elements
all classification.
本'pun
root
乎‘åŠ
of
數曲
classification-
35 Humanity, justice, propriety, wisdom,
æ›°Koh ä»zun 義
We-say humanity justice
and truth〉
禮上
propriety
智 tsz:信sing?
wisdom ' truth
These five cardinal virtues are not
æ¤'Tsåƒäº”节常dsang
These five constan ts
to be confused.
ä¸peh
not
å®¹æ²æ¯˜
permit
紊vim仃
to-confuse
Rice, millet,
ç®±'Dau
Rice
pulse, wheat,
缈命g
millet
rye, and barley.
è½ s6h,麥nuh
pulse wheat
é»sil
pyc
稷 tsih;
barley
Are six kinds of grain on which men subsist.
æ¤'Ts'z These å…也h six ç©€ k6h, grain 人zun men 所‘Slf which 食 zuh. eat
The horse ? cow, sheep, fowl, dog, and swine,
馬'M6 牛 nyeu 羊æ²g, 雞kyi 犬Sy法 豕SZ,
Horse COW sheep fowl dog pig
40 Are thic six domestic animals which mon treed.
æ¤'Tsåƒ These å…16h six 畜 hy6h: animals 人zrni men 所'曲 which 飼ZZ: breed
o
We speak of joy and anger,
曰 Koh 喜hyf 怒nil;
of sorr^v
AVe-say
joy
anger
and of fear,
æ›°æ²å“€6
and
sorrow
懼gy å£
fear
Of love,
愛皿惡if欲â€6扎
hatred, and desire,
Love
hatred desire
these are the seven
七 ts
seven
passions.
情 dsing
passions
å…·gyå€
t here-are-all
The gourd, earth, skin, wood, stone,
åŒBnu
Gourd
and metal,
土‘å¯é©kuh, 木m6h石zuh
earth
skin
wood
stone
金ky讥
metal
Silk, and
çµ²Sz
Silk
bamboo, form materials for the eight kinds of musical instruments.
與w
with
竹 ts6h:
bamboo
乃八 pah 音 yin.
are eigh t sounds
45 Great-grandsire?s
高Knu
Grcat-grandsire*s-sire great-grandsire grandsire sire
sire, great-granclsire, grandsire, sire, ancl myself,
曾tsung 祖'tsif,艾ã€ä»“而rh身sim?
and
self
My own son, together with my grandson,
昜Sun 而rh åSsz,
Myself and son
å弋sz 而rh
and
son
å« sim.
grandson
Great-grandson, and great-granclson?s
自åŠ
From
å'tsz å« sun,
soil grandson
son,
至 tsz'
to
元沖
great-grandson^s
曾 tsung,
son
Are nine
乃'N6
Are
degrees of kindred, comprising the human relations.
ä¹'kyeu æ—ds6h,人zun 之tsz
nine kindred-degrees man 3 re
倫 lun.
relations-in-order
Mutual affection of*father and son, concord of man and wife,
艾 ViV å'tsz æ© im,夫 f& 婦 vil'
Father son affection husband wife
從 ds&ng,
concord
50 The older brother's kindness, and the younger one's respect,
å…„Hyilng則tsuhå‹å‹¿eg 弟W 則tsuh
Elder-brother then kind younger then
æ kiing
respectful
Order between seniors and
juniors, friendship among
associa tcs,
é•·JTsang å¹¼yen'åºdsiiï¼›æ¹$eu 與'yii
Seniors juniors order friendship with
朋 pimg;
associates
On the prince?s part regard, and on the minister,s fidelity,
å›Kyhn 則tsuh 敬kyungï¼› gdsun 則tsuh
Prince then regard minister then
å¿ tsung
lidelity
6
These ten moral duties
æ¤'Tsåƒåzeh
These ten
are universally ^obligatory
義nyP 人zun
moral-duties men
among men,
所
which
åŒ(King.
conncct
All teachers of youth, should give lucid explanations,
凡V豺訓hyiinè’™mfing,é ˆsii講俄皿連-ç©¶kyeiiï¼›
Whoever teaches youth should give-the-sense
55 Adduce illustrations and proofs, and clearly mark the periods.
詳Dsiang 訓hyiin"è©kéš æ˜Žming å¥kyi!讀deu".
Show t each proofs distinguish sent ence stops
Every scholar must mak< ? a suitable beginning・ 有勺eu have åˆ ts'flï¼› beginning;
爲肌 Being å¸gdh scholar 者 (,) å¿…pih must
The Easy Lessons being finished, then : take up the Four Books.
å° Siaii å¸ çµ‚ tsfing: 至 tsz:四 sz, 書sd.
Little Lessons finished to Four Books
The Dialogues are contained in twenty sections,
è«– Lim' 語'Nyii 者tsg 二] åzeh 篇P'iå½
The-Dialogues (,) two tens sec tions
the
In which his
ç¾£ Gyiin
School
disciples have recorded
弟 df å'tsz,
disciples
sayings are comprised
60 Mangtsze's
åŸMimæ‰ åSsz 者
Mung-tsz's (,)
(J
sage?s (Confucius) words.
記ky"善'z弘
recorded good
*
seven sections;
七teih 篇pq®
seven sections
言yieâ€.
words
It'tsz;
ended
virtue, benevolence, and justice・
ä»zim
benevolence
He discourses on reason,
Kyang é“dau†德t讪說s6h
reaeon virtue speaks-of
講"
Discourses-of
義町"
justice
the Constant Medium was Tsze-sze :
作Tsoh ä¸ Tsung 庸 TTmg
Made Medium Unchangablc
The compiler of
å'Tsz
'Tsz
æ€Sz
Sz's
ç†pih
{pencil
Mediumï¼› means not distorted; 'constant/
ä¸ Tsfmg,
Medium
ä¸pehåpie笃
not
distorted
immu tabilit y.
庸©fmg ä¸peh
constan t not
易“uh,
to-cbange
The compiler
作 Tsoh
Made
of the Superior Lessons
大Dæ–¼å¸Wh
Great Study
was
Tsang-tsze :
乃 ?ne 曾Tsung
was Tsung
å'tsz
Tsz
G5 From
personal and
7
domestic, be proceeds to national, government.
自 Zzc 修 sieu 齊 dsi 至 tsz< 平 bing
regulating to
From
reforming
tranquillizing
æ²»(W
governing
When Filial Duty, and
åHyau(ç¶“Kyimg 通四Sz<書S仓
Filial - - ' .. r 一
tlie Four Books are
made
familiar,
classic
know
Four
Books
熟z6h
ripe
Then the
å¦‚åŠ å…L6hç¶“Ky
As (or then) six
six classics may be
forthwith
classics
ung
commenced ・
å§‹sz å¯kaii
begin
can
讀dOh
to-read
The Odes, Records,
詩Sz書SG
Odes Book (of Records) ' Changes
Changes, Ritual,
易 Hili 禮'Li 春 TsSm 秋 Ts'i
Spring and
Autumn annals.
Ritual
Spring
ieu
Autumn
Are called the six classics, and should be thoroughly studied.
號HE
Called
å…LOh
six
經Kyung 當tong 講7kyang 求gyeu
classics ought-to-be
rehearsed
investigated
70 Fuh-hi?s
有'Feu
There are
system of
連 lie%
Fuh-hi?s-diagrams
changes together with that
|L|san
of Yenti,
有艸æ¸kw6è—dsong
Yien-ti^-changes
and
And that of
有'Feu
And
the Chau dynasty, form
周Tseu
Tseu*s
易"uh
changes
three treatises complete.
三 set%
three
易 ©uh 詳 dsi^ng
changes complete.
The royal and ministerial
有'
There-are
å…¸'tie%
the-canons
canons, the
謨mfi
plans
instructions
有'“eu
and
and injunctions,
訓hyhn,誥å“å±±
instructions injunctions
The solemn
有'Feu
And
vows and commands, are
誓 zz,命 ming,
vows commands
profound portions of the Record.
- ■奥 an;
mysteries
書 Sd ^tsz
Record ?s
Our princely lord of Chau first framed
Ngu 周Tseu 公kfmg
Tseu
duke
Chau Ritual,
作 tsoh
framed
the
周 Tseu
Tseu
禮å£
Ritual,
75 And established six
è‘—Tså»
Set-up
å…10h
six
offices for maintaining rule in
官 kw® å˜ dsim
offices preserving
the empire/
治 dsz,
rule
The elder
大D於
Great
and younger
å° sinu
small
Tai commented on the Ritual.
註 tslT
e
禮对記Kyf
commented (on) the-Ritual
8
Transmitted the sage's words, and the Ritual and Music became complete.
è¿° Dseh
Transmitted
è– sung
sage's
言〃ie†禮□樂Wh備
words Ritual Music prepared
Music
The national
æ›°Y6h
We-say
airs, the two
國K6h
nat ional
of praises,
books of eulogies, and the songs
風fiing 曰〃3h é›…'Yå°¤é Œdsfmgï¼›
cus toms and excellen t
and
praises
Are four sections of the Odes, which ought to be rehearsed.
號压LU"å››SZâ€ï¼Œè©©SZ
Mark four Odes
tong è«·'King è© äº†åŒ•ç¢
repea ted
ç”°
ought-to-be
rehearsed
80 The Odes having ceased, the Spring and Autumn annals were compiled,
詩 Sz 旣 kyf tvong 春 TsSm
・" 〠Spring
Odes
already
ceased
ç§‹ Ts^ieu
Aut umn
作 tsoh
compiled
awarding
praise and blame,
marked out
Which, by
寓 Nyif 褒 pen 貶'pi® 別 pih
Preserving
praise
blame
dividing
the good and
å–„
good
bad.
惡oh
bad
On these annals there are three comments, that of
三Sa他傳ds®'
Three
commen ts
者'ts6
(,)
有艸
t liere-are
Kungyang,
公K&ng 羊 Wng
Kung Yang
Yang
That of the
有'Feu
And
Tso family,
å·¦ Tsfi
Tsu
and that
æ°zz'
family
of
Kuh Liang.
有:艸
and
ç©€K6h æ¢Lidng
Koh …
Liang
the philosophers.
being understood, read the works of
經Kyung 旣kyf 明ming 方fong ®doli 予匕z
The classics
Classics
already understood then
read
philosophers
most impottant parts, and commit them to memory.
記kyf 其亦 事zz:
remember their affairs
85 Select the
æ’® Ts'6h å…¶ gyi è¦ yaii'
Select
their
importan t
Of these
are the five
五'U å*'tsz
Five
wise-ones
wise men,
者'ts6
(,)
to wit, Siun, and Yang,
有勿euè€Sin呼
arc Sing
The worthy Wanchung, with the
æ–‡Vun ä¸Tsung å'tsz
Vun Tsung the-wise
venerable Lau. and Chwang.
åŠgyih è€'Lail
with
莊 Tsong
Lau (and) Tsong
When the classics and wise men are understood, commence the general history:
ç¶“Kyung åå…ˆsz 通t^ng 讀(16h 諸tsfi 奥sz,
Classics wise-men understood real general history -
9
Investigate the
考
Examine
succession of ages, and
世sz'系
agcs, succession
the rise and
知tsz
know
fall of dynasties.
終 tshng
end
å§‹'sz
beginning
Shin-nung, together with
自 Zz,羲Hyf 農Nfmg
Hyi …
90 Fuh-hi
From
Were the
and
Nung
Hxvang-ti/
至 tsz(
-to
黃 TFdng
Wong
three monarchs
antiquity.
號负it 三
Named
three
of remote
皇力ong 居kyii上
monarchs lived high
世sz"
ages
Tang and Yu
å” Dong
Dong (Yau)
Shun) were styled the two rulers;
有勿eu虞Nyii
Nyii (Shun)
(Yau and
and
è™ŸåŠ u'二rh'
called two
rulers
Each meekly
相Si血g
Mutually
the
throne : theirs
resigned
æ–ihéœsub
yielded humbly
was a prosperous age.
稱ts缶ng盛zung,
prosperous
called
世sz"
age
Hia, and Tang of the
Shang dynasty,
商Song有》eu湯「Pong
Song
had
T^ong
95 With Wu Wang son of Wan of
周 Tseu 文 Vun
Tseu V un
Vun
æ¦'VM
Vu
the Chau, are called the
稱 ts'img
entitled
三s沪
three
three kings.
王力ong
kings
family continued
handed-down-to
The Hia
å¤å‚³ds6
empire
in the government of the
å'tsz å®¶ky« 天t'ie?7 ä¸‹â€æ–¼
"son (his) family (had) tlie-empirc
(liis) family
Four hundred years; then
四 Sz,百* puh
Four hundred
its altars were overthrown.
載ts6< é·ts'ie?2 å¤åŽš'
years
removed
Ya?s
社Z呂
altars
Tang, having destroyed
湯 Dong
Tong
the Hia, named
ä¼vnhå¤
destroyed Ya
Shang,
the dynasty
國k6hè™ŸåŠ it
nation^ title
商Song
Song.
Which, after
å…±^Loh
Six
years, was
six hundred
百puh載ts&
hundred
years
ruined by the tyrant Chau.
至 tsz'紂 Dseu"
to
Dseu
亡 vong
lost
destroyed the
tyrant Chau,
100 Wu-Wang of the Chau dynasty,
周Tsen æ¦'Vii王力ong å§‹'sz誅tsu糸寸Dsenï¼›
tX V6 king begtm
destroyed Dseu
10
His family ruled an unequaled period of eight hundred years:
八Pah百puh載ts®
Eight 一一一
hundred
years
最ts6!長dsang久/k严u
very long duration
eastward, the
周Tseu è½ts'eh æ±tbng
Tseu
When the
court moved
moved
east
royal nutliority tottered.
王?Qong
kingly
ç¶±kong 墜ds6iâ€
aut liority fell
upraised, and demagogues
The lance and spear were
逞Ts'ung' 干戈12 尙诚ng,
Pervaded (in use)
spear
lance
in-esteem
stalked abroad・
游©eu說鈕
stalking captivating
and Autumn annals (period) to that of the contending states,
From the Spring
始 Sz 春Ts"im 获TsWeii
Beginning ~ '
Spring
Autumn
終tsfmg戰Ts6åŠ
ending
Contending
國K6h
States
were five
powerful princes,
105 There
五'U霸p6,强gy命g
Five â– â–
mighty
brave
mighty warriors.
and seven
七 ts'ih 雄“foig
seven
fierce
出 ts'eh
appeared
Tsin? all began to unite;
è ¢ Fung 秦Dsing æ°zz†始'sz
â– began
When victory declared on the side of
Victo rious
Dsing
family
å…¼ kyieâ€
all
å¹·'ping
t o-unite
But after two reigns, Tsu and Han again strove
二
two
傳DsG
After
世 sz:楚'Ts"if
一 Ts^u
generations
for supremacy;
æ¼¢HV çˆ tsung
Ho/i strove-together
Kautsu was
高Kau
Kau. ・
victo rious,
祖'Tsfi
7Tsu
the line of
Han,
and established
興hyung æ¼¢H6以æ¥nyih 建kyie〃
丿ã€
victorious
Hon
empire
established
Which continued to Hikuping when Wangmang usurped the throne.
至Tsz:åHyau"å¹³bing 王 Wong 莽'Mong 篡ts'6以
Up-to Hyau4 - bing Wong Mong usurped
110 Kwangwu then arose, and founded the eastern Han dynasty,
å…‰Kwongæ¦Vd興hyung 爲阮æ±Tfmgæ¼¢H6"ï¼›
Kwong - ;Vu arose made Eastei'n. H6〃
Which, after four hundred years, ended with the emperor Ilien.
'百puh 年nyie"
hundred years
終tsfmgæ–¼å™iç»Hyie〃
ended
with Hyie?i
Wei, Shuh, and Wu, then strove for
é肌‘
-ITF ,
蜀 Ds6h
Dsoh
the imperial crown;
çˆtsimgæ¼¢H6åŠ é¼Ž'tii培
stro5re-for 116“ censers
11
These 4 Three States*
號HE三〃
Title Three
were succeeded
國k6h
States
by the two
è¿„ ty'ih
succeeded
Tsin.
å…©'liXng
two
晉 Tsing'
Tsing
Suug and Tsi came next, followed
Sung*
by Liang and
æ¢ Lidhg
Liang
Chin;
陳 Dsim
Dsun
承 dsung
followed
115 These
爲肌å—
Became
four southern dynasties held tlieir court
nen
sout liern
at Kinling
[Nanking.]
æœds航 都tH金Kyin陵Ling
Kyin Ling
dynasties
court
who separated eastward and westward.
北P6h å…ƒNy6〃é肌,
--a Nyo/t (of) We
In the north
were the
Yuen of Wei,
North
分fun
separated
æ±tiä¼g 西si
eastward westward
Together with Yuwan of Chau, and Kau
宇'Yii 文 Vim 周 Tsen
Yii Vun (of) Tseu
of Tsi:
與‘Yii
Kau
These con tinned t 订1 Sai joined the land
迨至tsz《
Up to
åŠ i
Dsoi
in one.
一 ih
one
土 w
earth's
宇如
canopy
In the second generation,
ä¸Peh å†ts®
Not again
however, the
傳 ds® 先 seh 統 Pfmg
succeeded
new line
failed,
lost
t lie-succession
ç·– dsi?
120 And Kautsu founder
of Tang, raised up forces
å” Dong 高Kan 祖 TsH èµ·'tyS 義 ny〃
- ~ *Tsu - '
in
defense of
Dong
Kau
raised
righ tcous
right,
師亦
soldiers
the disorders of Sui, and
除D曲隔Ds6i亂Z
Dsoi's disorders
Suppressed
Suppressed
founded a new
創 ts'ong4
laid
dynasty.
[gkoh
dynasty’s
基 ky〕‘
foundation ,
After twenty reigns, during three
二 Rh:å zeh 傳 ds6
Two
tens
se〃
reigns
hundred years,
三sa%
three
百puh
hundred
載t於
years
dynasty.
乃P6
was
the
changed
國k6h
dynasty
and
of Tang,
-SZ
(J
Liang destroyed the race
æ¢ Lidhg æ»… mih 之 ti
Liang
destroyed
改'k6
changed
The latter Liang, Tang, Tsin, with Han,
æ¢Liang 店Dong 晉Tsiiå¸
Liang Dong Tsing
and Chau,
åŠgyihæ¼¢H6åŠ å‘¨Tseu
with H6 åŠ Tseu
12
125 Called the
稱Tshmg五百
Called
five dynasties, followed in
five
代cl§
dynasties
regular succession.
害kyd
all
有勿eu 由“eu
had foundation
The illustrious
Illustrious
Sung next
宋 Sfmg,
Sung
arose, and occupied Chau?s
興hyung
arose
å—zeu
received
vacant tkrone ;
周Tseu禪z®
Tseu succession
But after
åZeh
Ten
the north
eighteen reigns,
八pah傳dsG
eight reigns
and
south fell
å—n® 北pOh
south
into disorder.
north
æ··
confused
Seventeen
±zeh
histories of these various
七 tMih å² sz"
seven histo ries
periods are ext ant,
全dsie他在ds纟
" in
all
å…¹tsz
cxis tence
Treating of
載Ts®
Treating
rule and misrule, ancl of
治dsz《
rule
亂s
misrule
the rise and
幷Itsz' 興hyimg
knowing
fall of dynasties.
rise
è¡°s6
fall
130 Let liim
讀D6h
Reads
who reads
å²sz'
history
history, examine
者'ts6
he who
these faithful
考'k%u
examines
records,
實zeh
faithful
錄16h
records
Till he understands ancient and modern
通 Dfmg
Understand
å¤'kif
ancient
今 kyin
modern
things as if before his eyes;
若z«h 親tshg
as if his-own
ç›® nioli
eyes
Let his mouth
å£ Keu
Mouth
rehearse
而Th
while
them, while his
誦 dsung4
rehearsing
heart ponders
心 sing
heart
upon them;
而rh
should
ç¶vf
ponder
Be this his morning study,
æœTsau 於斯
In-the-morning
and this his
SZ
let-it-be-thus
evening task.
夕 dsih
in-the-e venin g
於匹
æ–¯sz
let-it-be-thus.
F ormerly
昔Sih
Formerly
Chungni had the young Hiangtoh for his teacher;
仲Dsung'å°¼Nyf 師sz é …'JKmg
Confucius t eacher Hong
æ©ã€Žoh
T'oh
135 Even
å¤å¿ƒ 一—
In-ancient-t^ies sages philosophers
the sages of antiquity studied with diligence.
è–sung"è³¢?å°™zdngc 勤gyimg
' even diligently
叿³Œh
studied
:X:
Chasu, a minister of state, read the Confucian dialogues,
è¶™'D sau.ä¸ tsung 令ling《讀d6h å·’'LM
Dsaai minister-of-state read 7 Lu
論Lim,
dialogues
13
And he too, though high in ollicc,
彼P6旣kyf仕zz,
He already in-office
studied assiduously.
å¸èƒ†h且先旳6
studied nevertheless
勤 gyimg
assiduously
One copied lessons on reeds, another on slips of bamboo;
披M蒲肮編pie他
Split rushes plaited
削 si«h 竹 ts6h
scraped bamboo
ç°¡kyieä»–
slips
These though destitute of books
ç„¡ vH >su
These witho lit books
eagerly sought knowledge・
豆 知 tsz
yet to-know
勉 mie71
urgent
140 [To vanquish sleep] one suspended his head by the hair [from
another pierced liis thigh with an awl;
éŒ ts6% 刺 ts'z'
with-an-awl pierced
é Deu 懸“6" ^liang
Head suspended to-a-beam
a beam,] and
è‚¡Ml
t high
These, though destitute of instruction,
彼玫
They
ä¸peh æ•™kyau'
not instructed
were laborious in study.
自 zz,勤 gyung
selves diligen t
苦'k呛
laborious
One read
如z仓
As
by light of glow-worms, another by reflection of snow;
囊 liong ^ung
bagged glow-worms
如Zä»“æ˜ yung'
like reflec tiOmof
雪sih
snow
These, though tlieir families were poor,
å®¶ KyK é›– s6i è²§ bing
though
They
poor
dicl not omit to study.
å¸å²å½·ä¸peh
to-study not
輟 ts,eh
cease
One carrying
如z仓
As
faggots, and another with
寅 veu,薪 sing
carrying firewood
his book tied to a cow?s
如Z仓掛kw&
as hanging-on
horn,
ah
145 Thus both these persous, while engaged in labor? studied with intensity.
身Sun They é›–s6i although 勞bu laborious 猶艸 yet 苦'k$ untiring å“ tsoh unchangablc
Su Lautsiuen, when he was twenty-seven years of age, 七 ts'ih seven
蘇 Su è€'Lau Lau 泉 Dsie% Dsien 二 rh< two åzeh tens
Commenced assiduous study, and applied his mind to books. ç± dsih records
始Sz Commenced 發 fab 憤'vun to-work-assiduously 讀d6h read 書s仓 books
This man when olcl, grieved that he commenced so late; é²dsz late
å½¼P6 He æ—£kyP when è€åŠ å old 猶“eu then æ‚”hwè§€ grieved
14
You, who
are young, ought early to think of these things.
爾%h å°'sia/u 生 sung 宜nyf æ—©'tsaii æ€sz
You young pupils ought early to think
150 Behold Liang Hau, at the advanced age of eighty-two,
è‹¥Zdh æ¢ Li%ng 瀕血' å…«pah åzeh 二
Like Liang Hau eighty two
In the imperial hall among many scholars,, gains the first rank;
å°T6†大dd? å»· ding ékwéš¹ å¤šæ¤ å£« ZZ《
Reply great hall supreme of-many scholars
And, having accomplished this, he was by all regarded as a prodigy.
ç•°"â€
wonderful
å½¼ F6 æ—£ kyf æˆ dsimg
He already accomplished
衆?tsimg 稱tiling
all called
You, youthful readers, should at once
make the fixed resolve.
爾込h You /Jã€siau you thful 生 sung scholars 宜nyi ought to-establish å¿— tsz" purpose
Yung? when only eight years old, could recite the Odes;
ç‘©ï½å…«pah æ² s6i†能 nimg å’yå°lg è©©sz
Yung eight years could improvise Poetry
155 And Pe, nt the age of seven, understood the game of chess:
泌Pf 七 ts'ih æ² s6i" 能nung 賦få¸ æ…•gyf
Plc seven years could descant upon chess
These displayed ability, and were by men deemed extraordinary;
å½¼F6 穎å²ung“ 悟ng在 人zun 稱 ts"iuig 奇gyf
These brigh t discerning; men called extraordinary.
And you. my youthful scholars, ought to imitate them.
爾 å¹¼ yen" å¸å§¬h ç•¶ tong 效艸' 之tsz
You youthful scholars ough t t o-imitate them.
Tsai Wankf
蔡TsW
Ts'6ï¼›
could play upon stringed
文Vun姬Kyi
Vun - Kvi
instruments;
能 nimg
could
辨'biz ç´gyuug
discriminate the guitar
Ei6 Tauwan, likewise, could sing and
è¬Zi$ é“D&f HYE
Zi6‘
chant:
能nimg rgyung åŸliyim
and sing
could
improvise
two〉though girls, were
160 These
å½¼T6女nyh・å七
These (were) girls
「sz
intelligcnt and well-informed ;
且tsH6è°ts旬增æ•
notwithstanding intelligent
è§‚mgã€
clever
=1
Dau'・ YniV
You, then, my lads, should surely rouse to diligence.
爾"h ç”·n® åå…ˆszç•¶tong自
'on lads ought you]
Liu-Ngan of Tang, when
å”Dong 劉Lieu æ™YieåŠ ï¼Œæ–¹fong 七tMih
only seven years old,
yourselves
è¦ kyungc
to arouse
Dong-dynasty - Lieu -
Showing himself a noble
舉 Kyii
Styled
神zim
amazing
Yicn
when
seven
æ²s6!
years
kid, was employed to correct writing:
童 diing 作 ts6h
lad made
æ£ tsimg,
correct
å—ZåŠ
characters
He though
was tlius highly promoted;
very young,
彼玫 He 雖s6i though 幼 yeu, young 身sun himself 已yi already 仕ZZ, in-office
165 You, young learners, should strive to )follow liis example;
爾込h å¹¼ yen, å¸â€œå’Œ 勉'mie?/ 而山 致tsz《
You young learners strive and come-up-to
And he who does so, will I acquire similar honors.
有Feu 爲力6 者'ts6 亦“uh 若泌 是zz<
And doing the person also like this
Dogs watch by night; the cock announces the morning.
犬Ty法 守,sen 夜於 é·„kyi å¸SZ 晨zim
Dogs watch at-nigli t the-cock rules the-morning
If any refuse to learn, how can they be esteemed men?
苟 Keu' ä¸peh å¸ã€ƒå½·
if not learn how be men ? *
The silkworm spins silk; the bee gathers honey;
è ¶z® åå… çµ² sz 蜂 fdng 釀 zdhg, 蜜mih
The-silkworm spits silk t he-bee makes honey
170 If men neglect to learn, they are inferior to the brutes.
人Zun ä¸peh 叿³Œh ä¸peh 如z仓 物veh
Men not learn not even-as brutes.
He who learns in youth, and acts when of mature age,
å¹¼ Yeu' 而th å¸å²dh [ 壯 tsong, 而th 行
Young when learns, mature and-when acts
Extends his influence to the prince, benefits the people,
J^Zang4 致 tsz< å› kyhn 下減 澤 dsuh æ°‘ ming
Above extends-to the-prince below benefits t he-people
16
Makes his name renowned. renders illustrious his parents,
æš Wng åming -è²sung 顯匕yie馄艾æ¯bnfi
Spreads (his) fame ennobles father mother
Reflects glory on his ancestors, and enriches his posterity.
å…‰Kwongæ–¼gii å‰dsieä»–è¥/i?æ–¼yd å¾ŒåŠ u
Glory to ancestors riches to posterity.
175 Some for their offspring, leave coffers filled with gold;
人Zun éºåŠ åå…ˆsz 金kyinå¸Œè ¶å°‘img
Men leave to-offspring gold filled coffers
While I, to teach children, leave but one little book.
齊 Ngfi æ•™ kymV to teach å'tsz children 惟vf only —ih one ç¶“ kyimg book
Diligence has merit; play yields no profit;
勤Gyung有纫eu 功 kfing 厳hyf 無vH 益yuh
Diligence has merit play no profit
Be ever on your guard! Rouse all your energies!
戒 之tsz 哉ts6 宜nyf 勉 mie†力 lih
Guard yourself :(you) ought to-rouse (your) powers,
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