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“...THE
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK
BEING
"The Christian Movement in China"
1911
^ \
EDITED BY V
D. MacGILL)VRAY, M.A., D.D.,
Editor of A Century of Missions in China," Author of
a Mandarin=Romanized Dictionary of Chinese "
etc. etc.
fri wm it
SHANGHAI
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA
1911...”
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Page i
“...PREFACE.
rpHE second issue of the Year Book is now before our
readers. That the first issue was appreciated was
evidenced by numerous commendatory letters, and by the
exhaustion of the edition long before the Year Book for 1911
went to press.
Again our thanks are due to all who have united to
produce the volume. Owing to the lamented illness of
several friends, the papers promised by them for 1911
were not forthcoming. At the time of printing, however,
it was found that there was not space enough to include
all the chapters which had been received and so the
following had to be omitted.
" Concerning Chinese Hymnology."
" The Hymns of the Chinese Christian Church."
" The Ideal Translation of the Bible into Chinese."
''The Work of Anglican, Canadian and American
Episcopal Church Missions in China."
" Learning the Chinese Language.''
"The C. I. M. Language Schools."
" Physical Training in China."
Some or all of these will be inserted in the Year
Book for 1912.
In the Index of the present Volume...”
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Page ii
“...11
preface.
I am specially pleased to announce that during my
furlough the Year Book for 1912 will be prepared by the
very competent hands of the Rev. G. H. Bondfield, the
well-known Secretary of the Centenary Conference of 1907,
and Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society in
China and the Philippines.
D. MacGillivray....”
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Page iii
“...Schools .........104-111
The Story of Shansi University ........................111-116
Chapter VI. I. What Chinese Students are Reading
J. S. Burgess 117-126
II. "What Chinese Young Men are Thinking About
A Chinese Student 127-132
Chapter VII. Problems of Educational Work in China
F. L. H. Pott 133-150
SupplementEducational Notes............151-153
Chapter VIII. University Missions in China B. Upward 154-161
Chapter IX. Medical Missionary Association of China
Editor 162-164
The Margaret Williamson Hospital E. Reifsnyder 164-172
Chapter X. Reaching the Higher Classes.
Science Work in Chengtu, Szechuen. W. Wilson 173-180
Chapter XI. Present Problems of the Chinese Church
J. C. Gibson 181-188
SupplementUnion Bodies in China ..................188-189
Chapter XII. The Chinese Student Volunteer Movement
for the Ministry ...... W. B. Pettus 190-192...”
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Page iv
“...Work in Manchuria ......J. W. Inglis 215-222
Chapter XVI. The Work in Formosa ..................223-232
The English Presbyterian Mission in South Formosa
W. Campbell 223-227
The North Formosa Mission, by a Committee of Presby-
tery ............ ...... ... 228-232
Chapter XVII. Work in the Kwangtung Province
H. Y. Noyes 233-242
Chapter XVIII. The Jubilee of a Mission G. T. Candlin 243-256
Chapter XIX. The Work of German Missions in China
H. Hermann 257-278
Chapter XX. The Work of The China Inland Mission
M. Broomhall 279-286
Chapter XXI. Work of Scandinavian Missions in China
Chapter XXII. Work of the Missions, Chiefly Evangelistic 295-352
Chapter XXIII. Work Among the Moslems in China ... 353-354
Chapter XXIV. The Opinions of Evangelistic Workers... 355-367
Supplement2nd Meeting of the Evangelistic Association 368-372
Chapter XXV. The Tract Societies in China. J. Darroch 373-380
A. Fleischer 287-294
A. B. F. M. S.
A. So. B.
A. B. C. F. M.
A. P. M. (North)
C. P. M.
C. and M. A.
C. S. M....”
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Page v
“...Testament League ........................387-388
Bible Translation and Revision ......... 388-391
Chapter XXVII. The Christian Literature Society for
China ... ...... ........................392-400
Chapter XXVIII. I. Sunday Schools in China
J. Darroch 401-404
II. Christian Endeavour in China
Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Strother 404-407
Chapter XXIX. I. Y. M. C. A. in China. C. L. Boynton 408-417
II. Tokyo Chinese Y. M. C. A. ... J. H. Wallace 417-420
Chinese Students' Union Church Tokyo. Mark Liu 421-423
III. Y. W. C. A. in China ........................423-424
Chapter XXX. Women's Work. ... ... % ... ... 425-442
L. M. S. 431-432
M. E. M. (North) 432-436
M. E. So. 436-442
A. P. M. (North) 425-428
C. and M. A. 428-429
C. S. M. 429-430
E. B. Z. M. 430-431
Chapter XXXI. Miscellaneous ........................443-459
I. International Reform Work in China
E. W. Thwing 443-445
II. China's New Law Against Opium ..................445-448
III. The Oriental Society for Promoting the Christian
Education of ...”
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Page vi
“..."VI
contents.
Chapter XXXIII. The Greek Church in China
O. Figourovsky
463
Chapter XXXIV. Statistics of Roman Catholic Work in
China ... .................. 464-469
APPENDICES
I. Memorable Dates in Chinese Missionary History
II. List of Important Events ......
III. Obituaries ...............
IV. List of Articles on China in Current
Magazines ...............
V. List of New Books .........
VI. Ten Best Books for Missionaries in China
VII. Summer Resorts ............
VIII. The Census of China .........
IX. The People's Gift of Testaments to the
Imperial Family ............
X. Nanyang Exhibition............
XI. Schools for Missionaries' Children......
XII. Cost of Living in China .........
XIII. Open Ports ............
XIV. Church Officials ............
Directory of Missionaries...............
Statistical Table ..................
Index ... ............
Page i
ii-v
vi-xiii
xiv-xvi
xvii-xx
xxi-xxii
xxiii-xxviii
xxviii-xxxi
xxxii-xxxiii
xxxiv-xxxviii
xxxix-xlii
xliii
xliv-xlvi
xlvii-liii
i-lxxviii...”
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Page 1
“...CHAPTER L
THE GENERAL SURVEY (19104911).
by the editor.
as Dr. Arthur H. Smith said last year,* the difficulty
of comprehending China is not only not diminished,
but is actually increased as compared with two decades ago.
His masterly General Survey in the Year Book for 1910 is
scarcely out. of date still, save on minor details, and we
strongly recommend our readers to ponder again Dr. Smith's
lucid and brilliant pages. The prolonged absence of Dr.
Smith from China precludes his writing the survey this
year, but our readers may expect that on his return he will
continue to do the work, which none but he can do so well.
china under the empress dowager, and after.
The period of Chinese history during which Yelionala,
better known as the Empress Dowager, ruled China, will
always be of surpassing interest to the student of Chinese
affairs. The situation of China to-day both for good and
evil is largely the aftermath of those eventful times. Then
as now, action and reaction, like Jaco9 and Esau...”
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Page 2
“...2
china mission year book.
will simply confirm previous opinions, though the wrath of
of Mr. Ku Hung-ming and others burns fiercely against
them and all their works.
china's task.
AVe would do well to recall again the weighty words of
Professor Ernest D. Burton, of the University of Chicago,
spoken at the Conference of Foreign Mission Boards in New
York, 1910.
4'Having determined that she will emerge from the
isolation which she has maintained for centuries, that she
will not simply yield as she has for a hundred years to such
pressure as she can not resist, bat will herself actively enter
into the life of the nations and become one in the family of
nations, China confronts to-day one of the greatest tasks
that any nation ever faced. This is nothing less than the
creation of a new civilization * *
The task which China thus confronts is one of tremen-
dous difficulty. Observe what is included in it. A new
constitution, which means in reality a new political system;
a new army, a new navjT...”
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Page 3
“...and Government
alike. These sorrows shed a lurid light on the poverty of
the people, the neglect of waterways, f and the unreadiness
of those responsible to cope with national calamities. (See
our special chapter on "China's Sorrows.)" "If by the
stroke of a magic wand every Chinese official from the
members of the Grand Council to the humblest constable
could be made strictly honest, ninety-nine hundredths of
China's difficulties would have vanished at sunrise."
the prince regent.
The second year of Prince Chun's regency has passed,
and he has done as well as might be expected, although
*AVords of a Japanese writer in an American magazine.
tBut a high authority on the spot in Anhui says it would cost
£P>00.000.000 to drain that region....”
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“...1(3
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.
there were signs at one time that the present Empress
Dowager, Lung Yu, would like to step into the shoes of her
predecessor. The Regent has been too strong for her, and
by the aid of his Grand Council, has at least avoided glaring-
blunders. He recently proclaimed himself Generalissimo of
the Army and Navy.- His various Edicts during 1910
indicate that he is doing his best, and under the circum-
stances no one but a Kangsi or Chinshihhuang could have
anything more to show than he has. There is much talk of
welding together Manchu and Chinese, but several recent
Edicts inopportunely emphasize the Manchu overlordship.
During the year the Chinese Christians, as related in
our Appendix, prepared four presentation copies of the New
Testament, one for the Empress Dowager, one for the
Prince Regent, one for the Empress Mother, and one for
the Child Emperor. But as long as the eunuchs and con-
cubines swarm and intrigue in the purlieus of the Palace,
little improvement...”
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“...GENERAL SURVEY. 13
The centrifugal and centripetal tendencies of govern-
ment received ample illustration during the year. The
Viceroys and Governors accustomed to almost absolute sway,
like the satraps of ancient Persia, are constantly offering a
passive resistance to the efforts of the Grand Council who
desire to centralise power at Peking. Every few months
there is a general shuffle of high officials as in times past, a
vacillating policy which renders the work of the best men
nugatory, and incidentally prevents any one man being too
successful to suit Peking.
official salaries.
The National Assembly has been turning its attention
to the question of official salaries and has sanctioned a
scale which includes, both metropolitan and provincial
posts, the following being some of the chief items:
Grand CouncillorTls. 24,000; President of a Board,
Tls. 10,000 Vice-President, Tls. 8,000; Councillors, Tls.
4,000; Secretary, Tls. 3,600; Viceroy of a Provincial pro-
vince, Tls. 24,000; Viceroy...”
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“...1(3
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.
Lord High Chancellor, £10,000; Lord President of the
Council, £2,000; Lord Privy Seal, £2,000; First Lord of
Treasury, £5,000; First Lord of the Admiralty, £4,500.
Secretaries of State: Home Affairs, £5,000; Foreign
Affairs, £5,000; Colonies, £5,000; War, £5,000; India,
£5,000.
Chancellor of the Exchequer, £5,000; Secretary for
Scotland, £2,000; Chief Sec. to the Lord-Lieut, of Ireland,
£4,425; Postmaster-General, £2,500.
what is the new chinese constitution ?
We are greatly indebted to Mr. L. R. O. Bevan, Pro-
fessor of International Law, Shansi University, for his able
resume of the new constitution in another chapter. As he
says, there is a certain tentative element in this constitution,
and doubtless changcs suggested by experience, or dictated
by necessity may be made, but the general result of the strict
carrying out of the constitution as it at present stands would
be to centralise power in Peking, and greatly curtail the
power of the provincial Governors...”
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“...regarding procedure in
civil and criminal cases. (12) The publication of the
system for taking of the census. (13) Census Statistics.
Fourth year of Hsuan Tung:
(14) The promulgation of the Constitutional Law.
(15) The publication of special enactments for the Imperial
Household. (16) The promulgation of the Parliamentary
Law and System. (17) The Election Rule for both Houses.
(18) The Election. (19) The introduction of the Budget
System. (20) The establishment of an Audit Office. (21)
The putting into force of all the new laws. (22) The
opening of Courts of Justice of every grade throughout the
Empire.
Fifth Year of Hsuan Tung:
(1) The summoning of Members of Parliament to
Peking. (2) The Imperial Decree relating to the same.
(3) The opening of Parliament.
It is pleasing to record that the local Self-Government
Councils called for in the first year of the programme, have
done most excellent work in connection witli the famine
relief distribution in Anliui and Kiangsu.
The taking of the...”
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“...1(3
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.
In Shantung, 119,549, members elected, 103.
In Manchuria, 52,679, members elected, 50.
In Hupeh, 113,233, members elected, 80.
Of the 105 members elected in Szechuen, six only were
elected under the property qualification. Christians voted
freety, and in one instance the Vice-President of the
Assembly is a Christian.
The powers of these bodies are nominally advisory only,
but with this they will not long be contented. The discus-
sions were intelligent and dignified, and showed that the
Government has set free an entirely unsuspected power in
the land. The aim is not revolutionary, but to encourage
patriotism, and strengthen the Empire.
the national assembly.
The first meeting of the National Assembly took place
in Peking on October 4, 1910. One hundred of the mem-
bers were appointed by the Government and one hundred
from the various Provincial Assemblies. These bodies
having tasted the new wine of power made haste to agitate
for an earlier summoning of a real...”
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Page 9
“...is
met by want of money. Reforms are found to be ex-
pensive. The Army and Navy clamour for reorganization
and large expenditure. China's Foreign indebtedness is
£125,000,000,* requiring the payment of a yearly interest
of Tls. C50,000,000. The Executive is at a loss-to find new
means for taxation, and even taxes for the new schools have
in several instances provoked riots, and the people are too
ignorant to allow of the introduction of new imposts.
the currency.
The Year Book of 1910 recounts on page 7 the attempt
of China to reform her currency. In May an Edict was
published setting the standard of currency for the present in
a Silver Dollar of Taels .73 weight. This Dollar was to be
the sole medium for payment of taxes, etc., and other
-Exclusive of the £10,000,000 loan mentioned later....”
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Page 10
“...1(3
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.
official liabilities. The Provincial mints were forbidden to
coin any save exactly like those issued at the central mint
in Peking, but. it was discovered that to inaugurate this
reform a large supply of ready cash must be available, and
United States, Great Britain, Germany and France offered
China a loan of £10,000,000 Sterling, which will probably
be arranged.
These loans though much detested are now seen to be
inevitable. A National Debt Redemption Society which
made such a stir at first soon fizzled out. Not only did the
National Debt remain unpaid, but more was added to it.
At the same time the Provinces were piling up foreign loans
on their own account, notwithstanding the efforts of the
Central Government to get a monopoly of the foreign loan
business.
Many authorities counselled China to adopt the Gold
standard, but this would require such an immense reserve
that it is practically impossible.
courts of justice.
The new penal code is at last nearly ready...”
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Page 11
“...it.
government education.
As this subject was fully treated in the Year Book of
1910, and Chapter V. of the present book gives further
details, it will not be necessary to give a lengthy survey,
especially as the opinions then expressed require little, if
any, modification.
The Christian Literature Society's Report for 1910
says: "The object is to provide an elementary school for
every 400 families within the next five years, that is, school
accommodation for fortjT-five million scholars within the
next ten years. Japan, at the end of thirty years, had
schools for 5,300,000 scholars. Will China succeed with
her forty-five millions?"
At the Nanyang National Exhibition held in Nanking
one immense building was filled with educational exhibits
from kindergarten to University. Though these exhihits
were drawn from a comparatively small number of schools,
they served to show as far as material things are concerned,
how far China, had advanced educationally. The drawings,
embroideries, etc., were...”
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Page 12
“...1(3
CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK.
The sensation of the year was Professor Ling's speech,
which we give in extenso in Chapter V. It is well sum-
marised by a leading Daily Paper as follows:
" Mr. Ling inveighs primarily against the lack of moral
and educational discipline in Chinese Government Schools.
The students, he infers, have imbibed advanced ideas
without ridding themselves of the irresponsibility of youth.
Doctrincs of equality and liberty, culled, we are told, from
Japanese sources, have been interpreted as authorizing a
general lawlessness of conduct at home, in the school and in
public. The most ardent reformers in China can scarcely
wish that the new order, with its many untried innovations,
should altogether supplant the old virtues that have held
together for so long the component parts of this heterogeneous
empire. Among these filial respect lias always occupied a
prominent place; but even this is threatened, according to
the lecturer who took the Foochow scholars to task. In the...”
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Page 13
“...employed by a Mission Press. After
a time, these young and ambitious Chinese naturally wanted
to go into business for themselves. They therefore left the
Mission Press and opened a small job printing shop near
by. By skill and diligence, their business soon increased.
When the new government system of education was adopted
and foreign text-books were called for, the managers were
enterprising enough to foresee the opportunity. They
enlarged their plant and began to turn out the desired
books. To-day, this Press is the largest in all Asia,
employing over one thousand hands, all of them Chinese
except about a dozen Japanese. It is equipped with the
latest and best German, English, and American machinery.
It has a capital of $1,000,000, one-tliird of which is held by
Japanese and two-thirds by Chinese. It uses not only
Chinese paper, but stock imported from Austria, Sweden,
England, and Japan, chiefly from Austria and Sweden. It
has opened twenty branches in various cities of China.
It is managed...”
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