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“...THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK BEING "The Christian Movement in China" 1911 ^ \ EDITED BY V D. MacGILL)VRAY, M.A., D.D., Editor of A Century of Missions in China," Author of a Mandarin=Romanized Dictionary of Chinese " etc. etc. fri wm it SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA 1911...”
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“...PREFACE. rpHE second issue of the Year Book is now before our readers. That the first issue was appreciated was evidenced by numerous commendatory letters, and by the exhaustion of the edition long before the Year Book for 1911 went to press. Again our thanks are due to all who have united to produce the volume. Owing to the lamented illness of several friends, the papers promised by them for 1911 were not forthcoming. At the time of printing, however, it was found that there was not space enough to include all the chapters which had been received and so the following had to be omitted. " Concerning Chinese Hymnology." " The Hymns of the Chinese Christian Church." " The Ideal Translation of the Bible into Chinese." ''The Work of Anglican, Canadian and American Episcopal Church Missions in China." " Learning the Chinese Language.'' "The C. I. M. Language Schools." " Physical Training in China." Some or all of these will be inserted in the Year Book for 1912. In the Index of the present Volume...”
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“...11 preface. I am specially pleased to announce that during my furlough the Year Book for 1912 will be prepared by the very competent hands of the Rev. G. H. Bondfield, the well-known Secretary of the Centenary Conference of 1907, and Agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society in China and the Philippines. D. MacGillivray....”
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“...Esau of old, were fighting for the ascendancy in the councils of empire. Previous writers had from the scanty materials at their disposal cast fitful gleams of light on the course of events, but the impenetrable veil which covers Oriental diplomacy refused to be drawn aside, until two brilliant collaborateurs gave to the world the result of their study of various diaries kept during the fateful months of 1900 by one who stood close to the Throne. For the majority of people their book * Year Book for 1910. P. 1....”
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“...2 china mission year book. will simply confirm previous opinions, though the wrath of of Mr. Ku Hung-ming and others burns fiercely against them and all their works. china's task. AVe would do well to recall again the weighty words of Professor Ernest D. Burton, of the University of Chicago, spoken at the Conference of Foreign Mission Boards in New York, 1910. 4'Having determined that she will emerge from the isolation which she has maintained for centuries, that she will not simply yield as she has for a hundred years to such pressure as she can not resist, bat will herself actively enter into the life of the nations and become one in the family of nations, China confronts to-day one of the greatest tasks that any nation ever faced. This is nothing less than the creation of a new civilization * * The task which China thus confronts is one of tremen- dous difficulty. Observe what is included in it. A new constitution, which means in reality a new political system; a new army, a new navjT...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. there were signs at one time that the present Empress Dowager, Lung Yu, would like to step into the shoes of her predecessor. The Regent has been too strong for her, and by the aid of his Grand Council, has at least avoided glaring- blunders. He recently proclaimed himself Generalissimo of the Army and Navy.- His various Edicts during 1910 indicate that he is doing his best, and under the circum- stances no one but a Kangsi or Chinshihhuang could have anything more to show than he has. There is much talk of welding together Manchu and Chinese, but several recent Edicts inopportunely emphasize the Manchu overlordship. During the year the Chinese Christians, as related in our Appendix, prepared four presentation copies of the New Testament, one for the Empress Dowager, one for the Prince Regent, one for the Empress Mother, and one for the Child Emperor. But as long as the eunuchs and con- cubines swarm and intrigue in the purlieus of the Palace, little improvement...”
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“...Governors. At the same time there are many indications that the people's representatives will force the pace, and make serious alterations in this con- stitution. The nine years' programme is fully set forth on Page 31 of the Year Book for 1910. Owing to the earlier calling of Parliament, the following revised table of constitutional reform has been issued: Third Year of Hsuan Tung (1912) : (1) The establishment of a Cabinet, (2) The establish- ment of an Advisoiy Board. (3) The promulgation of a new official system. (4) Promulgation of laws and regula- tions to be followed by officials. (5) The publication of a system of Book-keeping for Government finances. (6) The promulgation of rules and regulations in regard to Likin and Taxes. (7) The authorization of the expenditure of the Imperial Household. (8) The establishment of Courts of Justice in the Yamens of the Administrative Officials....”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. In Shantung, 119,549, members elected, 103. In Manchuria, 52,679, members elected, 50. In Hupeh, 113,233, members elected, 80. Of the 105 members elected in Szechuen, six only were elected under the property qualification. Christians voted freety, and in one instance the Vice-President of the Assembly is a Christian. The powers of these bodies are nominally advisory only, but with this they will not long be contented. The discus- sions were intelligent and dignified, and showed that the Government has set free an entirely unsuspected power in the land. The aim is not revolutionary, but to encourage patriotism, and strengthen the Empire. the national assembly. The first meeting of the National Assembly took place in Peking on October 4, 1910. One hundred of the mem- bers were appointed by the Government and one hundred from the various Provincial Assemblies. These bodies having tasted the new wine of power made haste to agitate for an earlier summoning of a real...”
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“...Government at every turn is met by want of money. Reforms are found to be ex- pensive. The Army and Navy clamour for reorganization and large expenditure. China's Foreign indebtedness is £125,000,000,* requiring the payment of a yearly interest of Tls. C50,000,000. The Executive is at a loss-to find new means for taxation, and even taxes for the new schools have in several instances provoked riots, and the people are too ignorant to allow of the introduction of new imposts. the currency. The Year Book of 1910 recounts on page 7 the attempt of China to reform her currency. In May an Edict was published setting the standard of currency for the present in a Silver Dollar of Taels .73 weight. This Dollar was to be the sole medium for payment of taxes, etc., and other -Exclusive of the £10,000,000 loan mentioned later....”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. official liabilities. The Provincial mints were forbidden to coin any save exactly like those issued at the central mint in Peking, but. it was discovered that to inaugurate this reform a large supply of ready cash must be available, and United States, Great Britain, Germany and France offered China a loan of £10,000,000 Sterling, which will probably be arranged. These loans though much detested are now seen to be inevitable. A National Debt Redemption Society which made such a stir at first soon fizzled out. Not only did the National Debt remain unpaid, but more was added to it. At the same time the Provinces were piling up foreign loans on their own account, notwithstanding the efforts of the Central Government to get a monopoly of the foreign loan business. Many authorities counselled China to adopt the Gold standard, but this would require such an immense reserve that it is practically impossible. courts of justice. The new penal code is at last nearly ready...”
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“...GENERAL SURVEY. 11 Mixed Court, it may be doubted whether the Chinese people can be ruled without it. government education. As this subject was fully treated in the Year Book of 1910, and Chapter V. of the present book gives further details, it will not be necessary to give a lengthy survey, especially as the opinions then expressed require little, if any, modification. The Christian Literature Society's Report for 1910 says: "The object is to provide an elementary school for every 400 families within the next five years, that is, school accommodation for fortjT-five million scholars within the next ten years. Japan, at the end of thirty years, had schools for 5,300,000 scholars. Will China succeed with her forty-five millions?" At the Nanyang National Exhibition held in Nanking one immense building was filled with educational exhibits from kindergarten to University. Though these exhihits were drawn from a comparatively small number of schools, they served to show as far as material things...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. The sensation of the year was Professor Ling's speech, which we give in extenso in Chapter V. It is well sum- marised by a leading Daily Paper as follows: " Mr. Ling inveighs primarily against the lack of moral and educational discipline in Chinese Government Schools. The students, he infers, have imbibed advanced ideas without ridding themselves of the irresponsibility of youth. Doctrincs of equality and liberty, culled, we are told, from Japanese sources, have been interpreted as authorizing a general lawlessness of conduct at home, in the school and in public. The most ardent reformers in China can scarcely wish that the new order, with its many untried innovations, should altogether supplant the old virtues that have held together for so long the component parts of this heterogeneous empire. Among these filial respect lias always occupied a prominent place; but even this is threatened, according to the lecturer who took the Foochow scholars to task. In the...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. most of the text-books used in the Government Schools and a large proportion of the bank notes which are in circula- tion.5' It has the only three colour printing plant in China. It is said, however, that anti-foreignism has began to interfere somewhat with its business. The demand for its translations from foreign works is declining, though doubt- less the school book trade is bound to increase. Printing presses are, of course, found everywhere, but they are mainly occupied in publishing newspapers. the chinese press. A series of new press laws has been issued, the object of which is to secure official control of the papers similar to that exercised by the Government in Russia. An enter- prising Taotai in Shanghai with the approval of his superiors, bought up the Shanghai vernacular papers for the sum of Taels 183,096.82 together with Tacls 34,634.56 to meet current losses. Part of this sum was paid from the interest accuring on the Huangpu Conservancy Fund...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. appears that a large part of the funds for this line were lost in rubber speculation at the time of the boom in Shanghai, an accident likely to interfere with the company's operations. The Peking-Kalgan line is being extended to Tatungfu in Shansi. Some work is being clone on a line from Kiukiang to Changsha and on another from Wuhu southwards to Kuangtehchow. In Yunnan a number of surveys have been made for a line from Yunnanfu into Szechuen province. In Honan Province, the Railway from Kaifeng, which crosses the Peking-PIankow line at Chenchow, is opened to Honanfu, and work beyond the city is being pushed on. It is hoped to reach Tungchuan in the spring. The Canton-Iiankow Railway has made- some progress in Canton Province, but little is known about it. The Shangliai-Hangchow Railway, which is being built beyond Iiangchow towards Ningpo, had a bitter conflict with the Central Government during the year over loans, and Mr. Tang, the General Manager, was finally...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. By far the greater number of farm labourers in China are slaves. There is no evidence that the Edict has made any difference to those who are in servitude. At Canton the friends of progress rejoice at the recent abolition of licensed gambling, which for years has been a Government Monopoly farmed out to the highest bidder. Viceroy Chang Ming-chi deserves the greatest credit for this act. The revenue from this source is two million Taels, and taxes on wine, salt, etc., were to be increased to cover the deficit. The cigarette evil shows no sign of abatement, but the sale of patriotic tobacco is said to be gaining ground. Foreign liquors are being most persistently pressed upon the Chinese. The demand for beers and spirits is increasing in North China. The Imperial Maritime Cus- toms Returns show a most alarming increase in the import of wine, spirits, beer, etc. Comparing 1909 with 1908, the total net increase for the whole of China is Taels 815,186, but of this...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. GENERAL SURVEY OF MISSION WORK. The Year Book of 1910 devoted many chapters to a minute survey of all branches of mission work in China. That will not be attempted this year, but considerable knowledge of the work may be gathered by a perusal of Chapter XVI. of the present book. In the Recorder of November, 1910, Mr. Ewing has a valuable paper on The Development of the Chinese Christian Church." This will repay careful study. Dr. Gibson deals with Problems of the Chinese Church, in Chapter XI. New Missions.The Anglicans of-Canada, who formerly sent missionaries to work in Fukien under the C.M.S., have now appointed Bishop W. C. White with several clergy to Honan, at the capital of which they have located. They propose developing an educational work in co-operation with various missions in that province. Ultimately, the Honan Christian University may be the result. The National Holiness Association of America have a few missionaries in Chihli Province, while...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. School to Boone College has been erected by the Chinese in Wuchang, and another in Hankow. Mr. Ou-yang, a Tientsin Christian, gave 20,000 Taels to the Y.M.C.A. The Chinese also contributed a large part of the expense of the Christian Headquarters at the Nanking Exhibition. The Bao Memorial Hall, erected by Chinese, forms an important wing of the Lowrie High School, South Gate, Shanghai, while the same Chinese recently paid $4,000 for the purpose of building a new church at the same place. The Chinese Churches generally are contributing liberally to the Central China Famine Fund. A further evidence of the Spirit's power is the decline of trouble over lawsuits. Lawsuit enquirers are diminishing, although some of the oldest missions report their Christians as dissatisfied because the missionaries refuse to take up yam en cases. Education.Though the future of the Educational As- sociation of China is "all unknown," that does not mean that the schools are in a bad...”
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“...scheme for the distribution of the Scriptures and Tracts to the Chinese by means of the liberality of Mr. Milton Stewart of California. The phenomenal number of 1,440,000 of one set of Illustrated Portions is now being printed in Germany. The Christian Literature Societ}' under the veteran leadership of Dr. Timothy Richard still struggles forward with a limited staff, but is by no means discouraged. It has acquired during the year a valuable site in the central district, on which it will erect a book depot. Y. M. C. A. Work Following the visit of Mr. Brock- man to the homelands, a large number of young men are coming out, to seriously attack the problem of reaching the students in the Government schools. Some missions have started Y.M-C.A. work on their own account. A meeting held in the White House resulted in a 'phenomenal total of gifts, namely, about $1,500,000 Gold. Professor Robertson's scientific lectures to the higher classes are expected to be a new key to unlock the fast-closed door...”
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“...1(3 CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK. The heroic work of missionaries in North Anhui and North Kiangsu famine relief once more shows that mis- sionaries are ready to care for the bodies as well as the souls of men. It is not yet known whether this difficult and dangerous work can be finished without a toll of mis- sionaries' lives. The Chinese Recorderand, China Mission Year Book.'n The Chinese Recorder under its editorial board continues to move forward at a high level of attainment, and the number of those in the home land who take it is satisfactorily increasing. The "China Mission Year Book" for 1910 filled "a long felt want" and is nearly all sold, and the prospects for a long life for the series; are distinctly bright. Distinguished Testimoni/. Dr. G. E. Morrison, the distinguished correspondent of "The London Times" at Peking, once so opposed to missions, lias recently delivered the following striking testimony: I think it only fair to say that the good name which Englishmen possess in China...”
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“...CHAPTER IL GOVERNMENT CHANGES AND NATIONAL MOVEMENTS* By W. vSiieldox Riixie, B.A., Editor of the 11 National Review." THE interval since the first issue of this "Year Book" has seen many changes in the Government Service. At times it has appeared to bo a game of Family Coach," and a foreign cartoonist on one occasion shewed the high officers in Peking participating in a game of Musical Chairs.'- There has, however, been no dramatic incident like the removal of H.E. Yuan Shih-k'ai at the beginning of the Regency. The first necessity for change arose from the death, in August last, of H.E. Lu Chuan-lin, a Grand Secretary who had held many high offices with dignity and credit. H.E. Lu was the last of the moderate liberals of the old school, and from the time of his appointment as prefect of Lienchow, in 1879, to the end of his life, he had a reputation for honesty and open-mindedness, both of which qualities made him the trusted adviser of the newer and younger reformers. Shortly before H...”