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“...THE
CHINA MISSION
YEAR BOOK
1917
(EIGHTH ANNUAL ISSUE)
Edited by
THE CHINA CONTINUATION COMMITTEE
under The direction of
an editorial committee
Rev. D, MacGillivray, D.D., Chairman
Rev. C. Y. Cheng
Rev. F. D. Gamewell, Ph.D., LL.D.
D. E. Hoste, Esq.
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine
Rev. J. Walter Lcwrie, D.D.
Rev. G. F. Mosher
Rev. Frank Rawlinson
Rev. W. Hopfcyn Rees, D.D.
Rt. Rev. l. H. Roots, D.D.
Rev. Otto jScSMftze _
Rev. Arffrurl>i^Smith, P.D,
/v ....."..... '
/&/ s
editor
E. C. Ix>benstftfe\ V' / ,
vAV!1^ y/cv
Foreign Secretary, China ContinuattoQ i^otnqiittf^e ...''
SHANGHAI
THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA
19 17...”
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Page ii
“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD
In Great Britain fay
The Religious Tract Society, 4 Bouverie St., London, E. C.
In the United States by ,
Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City...”
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Page iii
“...effort, and
it is essential, to the success of the missionary movement in China that
those who>are in it, either as missionaries on the field, or as directors of
the movement abroad, should understand not only the work of their own
society and of the sections of the field in which that work is located, but
of the movement as a whole.
The articles presented in this volume were written by sixty different
persons, living in all parts of China, and connected with many different
societies. While each chapter is complete in itself, that comprehensive
view of the work of the past year as a whole, which it is the object of
this book to present, will hardly be gained except by reading the book
through.
The China Continuation Committee is responsible for the China
Mission Year Book only in that it appoints the Editorial Committee
and the Editor. When articles in the book are the expression of the policies
or the views of the China Continuation Committee, this fact is made clear;
in all other cases, the...”
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Page iv
“... Y. Y. Tsu's article on "Native Charities of Shanghai."
The Editor desires to take this- occasion of thanking most, heartily
all those who have contributed articles to this book, and the large number
of others, including the Statistical Secretaries of the Missions, without
whose painstaking work and sympathetic co-operation, the facts here
presented could not have been secured. He also acknowledges his indebt-
edness to the members of the office staff of the China Continuation
Committee, to- the Rev. M. T. Stauffer and Miss M. Yerne McNeely for
assistance in checking statistics, preparing tables and indexing the book,
and especially to the Rev. C. L. Boynton, who this year as last, in addition
to supplying the statistics and editing che Directory of Protestant Missions
in China, has seen the China Mission Year Book through the press.
E. C. Lobenstine.
July 23rd, 1917....”
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Page v
“...CONTENTS
PREFACE iii-iv
CONTENTS v-viii
CONTRIBUTORS ix-xiii
PART I. THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
Chapter Page
I. Constitutional Development (April 1916May 1917)
L. R. O. Bevan 1
II. Economic and Commercial Conditions in China During
The Year 1916....................................Julean Arnold 15
III. Railways and Missions in China............W. S. Lewis 23
IV, The Society for Religious Liberty...George Chi'en Hsu 34
V. The Opium and Morphine Trade in China
The Menace, of Morphine...........................Wu Lien-teh 38
The Opium Trade in China........................E. W. Thwing 42
Resolutions Regarding the Importation of Morphine
The Editor 43
VI. The Geographical Distribution of the Protestant
Christian Community in China in 1915...The Editor 45
PART IL A DECADE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA %
VII. 63
VIII. An h wei............................. ..........D. T. Huntington 72
IX. cliekiang........................... ................ F. W. Bible 85
X. Chihli.................................”
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Page vi
“...Among Japanese in China..................Tasuku Harada 348
ii. Among Koreans in Manchuria...............T. S. Soltau 350
XXXIV. The Hunan Colportage Work of the Bible In-
stitute of Los Angeles.........Frank A. Keller 353
XXXV. Evangelism in the Wenchow District..................
A. II. Sharman 358
XXXVI. The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Funds............
J. H. Blackstone 366
PART V. GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
XXXVII. Some Educational Developments in the Past
Year..............................Frank D. Gamewell 372
XXXVIII. The Higher Education of Women... Luella Miner 383
XXXIX. The Supervision of Education in Szechwan......
E. W. Wallace 390
XL. The Progress of Theological Education in
China....................................... P. F. Price 399
XLI. The Religious Condition of Students in Mission
Schools....................................Arthur Rugh 403
XLII. Chinese Returned Students...............Y. T. Tsur 407...”
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Page vii
“...Chapter Page
PART VI. MEDICAL AND PHILANTHROPIC WORK
XLIII. Review of Medical Missions in China..................
Edward M. Merrins 414
XLIV. Medical Education in China, 1916......E. H. Hume 422
XLY. The China Medical Board............ Roger S. Greene. 430
XLVI. Survey of Leprosy in China............ Henry Fowler 438
PART VII. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE
XL VII. The Survey of Existing Christian Literature......
G. A. Clayton 445
XLVI1I. Magazines for Chinese Women......Mrs. T. C. Ohu 454
XLIX. Trend of Thought in China as Exhibited in the
Latest Issues from the Press... John Darroch 459
PART VIII. OTHER INTERDENOMINATIONAL
ASSOCIATIONS
L. The China Continuation Committee ..................
The Foreign Secretary 468
LI. Union and Co-operative Movements...... The Editor 47S
LII. The Associated Mission Treasurers in China
A. L. Greig 491
LIII. Secretarial Training of the Young Men's Chris-
tian Associations of China...D. Willard Lyon 494
LIY. The Boys' Work of the Young Men's Christian
Association of...”
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Page viii
“...Books and Magazine Articles on
China....................................... D. MacGillivray 552
B. Notes on Church Union ............................................................................557
C. Estimates of China's Population ................................................561
D. Statistics of Roman Catholic Missions in China ... 562
PART XII. STATISTICS AND CHARTS C. L. Boynton 563
(Six Sheets of Statistics and Charts in Pocket)
Sheet i. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China 1916.
A. Foreign Staff.
B. Chinese Staff.
C. The Chinese Church.
Sheet ii. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China 1916.
D. Educational Work.
Sheet iii. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China 1916.
E. Medical Work.
Sheet iv. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China 1916.
F. Union Educational Institutions.
G. General Summaries.
H. Selected Statistics.
Sheet v. Charts to Illustrate Chapter YI on the Geographical
Distribution of the Protestant Christian Community in
China (12 Charts).
Sheet vi. The...”
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Page ix
“...of first arrival in China.)
Rev. G. Andrew- (1881) Kansu.
China Inland Mission, Lanchowfu.
Julean Arnold, Esq* Economic and Commercial Conditions in China
During the Year 1916.
Commercial Attache, American Legation, Peking.
L. R. O. Bevan, M.A., LL.B., Esq. Constitutional Development
(April 1916-May 1917).
Professor in the Customs College, Peking.
Rev. F. W. Bible. (1909) Chekiang.
American Presbyterian Mission, North, Hangchow.
Rev. J. H. Blackstone. (1906) The Milton Stewart Evangelistic
Funds.
Methodist Episcopal Mission, North, Nanking. Joint Trustee with
Rev. W. E. Blaekstone, D.D., of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic
Funds.
Rev. G. H. Bondfield, D.D. (1883) Mongolia.
Agent, British and Foreign Bible Society, Shanghai. lion. Secretary,
China Continuation Committee.
Rev. Ernest F. Borst-Smith, F.R.G.S. (1906) Shensi.
Baptist Missionary Society, Yenanfu.
Rev. C. L Boynton. (1906) New Mission Stations and Forces,
Statistics and Charts.
Statistical Secretary,, China Continuation Committee...”
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Page x
“...Secretary, Religious Tract Society of North and Central China,
Hankow. Secretary, Special Committee of the China Continua-
tion Committee on Christian Literature.
Rev* John Darroch, Litt. D. (1887) The Trend of Thought in China
as Exhibited in the Latest Issues from the Press.
Secretary for China, Religions Tract Society (London), Shanghai.
Rev* Courtenay H. Fenn, D.D. (1893) Chihli.
American Presbyterian Mission, North, Peking. Principal, North
China Union Bible Institute, Peking. .
Henry Fowler, L.R.C.P. & S. (1899) A Survey of Leprosy in China.
London Missionary Society, Siaokan, Hup. (In charge of Leper
Hospital.) Member of the L. M. S. Advisor Council.
Rev. R. R. Gailey, M.A. (1898) The Peking Social Reform As-
sociation. The Government System of Simplified Chinese.
General Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association, Peking.
Rev. Frank D. Gamewell, L.L. D. (1881) Some Educational
Developments of the Past Year.
General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association,
Shanghai.
Mrs. Frank...”
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Page xi
“...(1895) Aniiwei.
Bishop, American Church Mission, Diocese of Auhwei, Anking.
George Ch'fen Hsu, Esq. The Society for Religious Liberty.
Yice-Minister in the Ministry of Justice, Peking. Member of the
Chung Hwa Sheng Kung Hui (Church of England Mission).
Chairman of the Society for Religious Liberty, Peking.
Rev. R. A. Jaffray- (1894) Iywangsi.
Christian and Missionary Alliance, Wucbow. Editor, The Bible
Magazine.
Rev. Frank A. Keller, M.D. (1897) The Hunan Colportage Work
of the Bible Institute of Los Angeles.
Superintendent, Hunan Colportage Work, Changsha, Hunan.
Rev. O. L. Kflbom, M.A., M.D. (1891) Szechwan.
Canadian Methodist Church Mission, Chengtu. Member West
China Advisory Board.
Rev. W. S. Lewis, D.D., L.L. D. (1909) Railways axd Missions in
China.
Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church in China, Shanghai.
Rev. H. W. Luce, M.A. (1897) Shantung.
American Presbyterian Mission, North, Tsinan.
A. Lutley, Esq. (1887) Shansi.
China Inland Mission, Chaoclieng.
Rev. D. Willard Lyon, D.D...”
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Page xii
“...Board Secretary.
Secretary, Board of Foreign .Missions of the Presbyterian Church in
the United States of America, New York City.
Rev. M. T. Stauffer. (1916) Mission Anniversaries, Correspondence
Schools in China.
China Continuation Committee, Shanghai.
Rev. William Taylor. (1890) Kiangsi.
China Inland Mission, Kiukiang.
Rev. Y. Y. Tsu, Ph.D. The Native Charities of Shanghai.
Professor of Sociology, St. John's University, Shanghai.
Y. T. Tsur, M.A., Esq. Chinese "Returned Students.
President, Tsing Hua College, Peking.
Rev. E. W. Thwing, The Opium Trade in China.
Representative in China of the International Reform Bureau, Peking.
Rev. E. W. Wallace, M.A. (1906) The Supervision of Education
in szeciiwan.
General Secretary, West China Christian Educational Union, Chengtu.
B. Curtis Waters, Esq. (1887) Kweichow.
China Inland Mission, Anshunfu....”
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Page xiii
“...CONTRIBUTORS
xiii
Rev. G. G. Warren. (1886) Hunan.
Wesleyan Methodist Mission, Changsha. Chairman, Hunan Continua-
tion Committee.
R. B. Wear, M.A., Esq. (1913) Yunnan.
Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association, Yiinnanfu.
Rev. A. Weir. (1899) Manchuria.
Presbyterian Church of Ireland Mission, Yiishuting, Kwanchengtze
Wa Lien-teh, M. A., M.D., L.L.D., Esq. The Menace of Morphine.
Director and Chief Medical Officer, North Manchuria Plague
Prevention Service, Harbin, Manchuria. Medical Officer of the
Foreign Office, Peking. President, China National Medical
Association....”
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Page xv
“...ERRATA
Page 48, Year of opening Yunnan, 1881.
Foot-note, Read China Mission Year Book,
1915, Chapter VIII.
,, 98, Chihli: Missionary societies at work, 25.
,, 110, Fukien: Total Chinese workers 3077.
,, 149, Kansu: Tota missionaries, 68.
,, 216, Shantung: missionaries societies at work in the
province, 18. Total missionaries, 453. Total
Chinese workers, 2,002. Communicant members,
32,129.
,, 258, Yunnan: Communicant members, 7,413....”
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Page 1
“...PART I
THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
CHAPTER I
CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
(Apnr, J9l6-May, J9X7)
L* R. O. Bevan
By March, 1916 it was clear that the mon-
Fai are of archy must come to an end. Although the
Monarchical J i i j. i i j j j
Movement monarchical movement seemingly had succeeded
by the end of 1915, when a unanimous vote of
the citizens' representatives decided in favour of a monarchi-
cal form of government and requested that Yuan Shih-kai
should assume the imperial purple ; although Yuan after
some hesitation bowed to the 44 popular" mandate and
signified bis acceptance of the crown; although the calendar
adopted the 11 style of the first year of Hung Hsien; and
although internal communications bore the royal sign
manual, in actual fact the monarchy was not universally ac-
cepted within China itself; nor was the new regime recognized
by the foreign governments. Early in December the acting
Li Fa Yuan & |g= Legislative Assembly), on behalf of
the people, had offered the crown...”
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Page 2
“...2
GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA
issued ordering the convocation of a national Parliament
for the first of May. Though "military operations, so far
as they went, were in favour ot the North, it became evident
early in March that the threntened secession oJ; the southern
and central provinces would delay a peaceful settlement.
The Government was thus induced to take action which it
thought would bring the internal strife to an end. It was
decided to issue a mandate cancelling the monarchy and
restoring the Republic.
This mandate was promulgated on March
for^ttan's ' eve11 attemPt at conciliation
Ottsrthrow failed, for the leaders in the south demanded
that the President himself retire. The southern
republicans had in reality taken up arms in opposition to
the man Yuan Shih-kai; the cancelling of the monarchy and
the restoration of the Republic with Yuan as President, were
no satisfaction to those who, having gained something, were
now eager to obtain the fullest measure. It was hoped that...”
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Page 4
“...4
GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA
there were returned evasive answers that such matters
should be left for decision to the National Parliament when
it should assemble. Had the President been able to gather
a sufficiency of money he could have prosecuted military
operations against the southern leaders with every prospect
of eventual, if distant, success; and it must be admitted
that Yuan did not exhibit the panic and willingness to
concede every demand made on him, which was so marked
a characteristic of the Manchu Court during the first
Revolution.
Under these circumstances it is not surpris-
Frovinces the revolted provinces showed little
Unite inclination to return to the peaceful fold of a
restored republic. On May the 8th the leaders
of the revolutionary groups, having sunk their difference,
united the southern provinces into a central government
with Canton as capital. Li Yuan-hung was appointed to
the office of Great President and Commander-in-chief of the
Army and Navy, though Li, being...”
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Page 5
“...military operations force the South to give up its in-
dependence; or Yuan must retire from office, even from
China itself, and so make possible a peaceful union. The
first plan was impossible because of lack of money.
Neither the North nor the South could lay their hands on
the cash necessary to prosecute the war. Financial condi-
tions were deplorable. The country was flooded with paper
money for which there was no adequate silver reserve.
Public unrest drove the people to exchange their notes, so
far as they could, for dollars, and the great demand for
silver abroad had forced the price to an exceptionally high
point, resulting in a steady export of the precious metal.
The decree of a moratorium," issued on the 11th of May,
which forbade the Bank of China and the Bank of Com-
munications to cash their notes or to allow depositors to
withdraw their funds, though not obeyed throughout China,
caused in certain localities, and more especially in Peking,
acute inconvenience, and added 16 the general...”
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Page 6
“...6
GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA
Li Yuan-hung, the Vice-president, automat-
ConsUtatioii ically became President and the actual head
Revived the Government. Military operations im-
mediately ceased and there was again the
welcome promise of union between North and South. There
was no formal, or at any rate public, settlement of terms
between the different parties, though the action of the
executive in Peking evidently was fashioning itself in accord
with southern aspirations. There was no clean sweep of all
that had been decreed by Yuan Shih-kai, for this would
have made illegal most of the administrative activities of the
country. A somewhat loose accommodation paid to con-
stitutional law made it possible to retain what was expe-
dient, while dispensing with what was not agreeable to the
more popular demand. What had been enacted by Yuan as
sole legislator was declared invalid, for it was the work of
a usurper; but what he had put into operation as the chief
executive might be recognized...”
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Page 7
“...as soon as its scattered members could gather
together in Peking.
The work of building up a government
Central system has thus begun again. Two results at
Versusm2n* ^east ^ave keen Gained during the five years
Provincial from the first revolution to the death of Yuan .
Independence Shih-kai. The success of the Revolution finally
destroyed the old system of the Manchu
absolute rule, and the Yunnan revolution destroyed the
possibility of a government by a limited monarch. It is
inevitable, if China is to remain one state, that at least the
outward form of the government shall be that of a republic.
But the foundation plans oL the structure of the government
have sail to be settled. The old tradition that the people
are the heritage of their rulers is dead, and yet its influence
cannot but react on those of the present generation who
hold high office. The semi-icdependence of the provinces
still resists a closer subordination to a central authority;
while the relation between the executive...”
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