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Your search within this document for 'year' resulted in 213 matching pages.
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Page i
“...THE
CHINA MISSION
YEAR BOOK
1917
(EIGHTH ANNUAL ISSUE)
Edited by
THE CHINA CONTINUATION COMMITTEE
under The direction of
an editorial committee
Rev. D, MacGillivray, D.D., Chairman
Rev. C. Y. Cheng
Rev. F. D. Gamewell, Ph.D., LL.D.
D. E. Hoste, Esq.
Rev. E. C. Lobenstine
Rev. J. Walter Lcwrie, D.D.
Rev. G. F. Mosher
Rev. Frank Rawlinson
Rev. W. Hopfcyn Rees, D.D.
Rt. Rev. l. H. Roots, D.D.
Rev. Otto jScSMftze _
Rev. Arffrurl>i^Smith, P.D,
/v ....."..... '
/&/ s
editor
E. C. Ix>benstftfe\ V' / ,
vAV!1^ y/cv
Foreign Secretary, China ContinuattoQ i^otnqiittf^e ...''
SHANGHAI
THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA
19 17...”
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Page ii
“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD
In Great Britain fay
The Religious Tract Society, 4 Bouverie St., London, E. C.
In the United States by ,
Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City...”
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Page iii
“...this volume were written by sixty different
persons, living in all parts of China, and connected with many different
societies. While each chapter is complete in itself, that comprehensive
view of the work of the past year as a whole, which it is the object of
this book to present, will hardly be gained except by reading the book
through.
The China Continuation Committee is responsible for the China
Mission Year Book only in that it appoints the Editorial Committee
and the Editor. When articles in the book are the expression of the policies
or the views of the China Continuation Committee, this fact is made clear;
in all other cases, the writer of the paper is alone responsible for the
opinions expressed.
The arrangement of the material is in the main the same as last
year. The distinctive feature of this issue is a series of provincial
articles, which give a brief review of the more important events that have
taken place in each province during the past ten years, since the
appearance of...”
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Page iv
“...of the Missions, without
whose painstaking work and sympathetic co-operation, the facts here
presented could not have been secured. He also acknowledges his indebt-
edness to the members of the office staff of the China Continuation
Committee, to- the Rev. M. T. Stauffer and Miss M. Yerne McNeely for
assistance in checking statistics, preparing tables and indexing the book,
and especially to the Rev. C. L. Boynton, who this year as last, in addition
to supplying the statistics and editing che Directory of Protestant Missions
in China, has seen the China Mission Year Book through the press.
E. C. Lobenstine.
July 23rd, 1917....”
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Page v
“...CONTENTS
PREFACE iii-iv
CONTENTS v-viii
CONTRIBUTORS ix-xiii
PART I. THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
Chapter Page
I. Constitutional Development (April 1916May 1917)
L. R. O. Bevan 1
II. Economic and Commercial Conditions in China During
The Year 1916....................................Julean Arnold 15
III. Railways and Missions in China............W. S. Lewis 23
IV, The Society for Religious Liberty...George Chi'en Hsu 34
V. The Opium and Morphine Trade in China
The Menace, of Morphine...........................Wu Lien-teh 38
The Opium Trade in China........................E. W. Thwing 42
Resolutions Regarding the Importation of Morphine
The Editor 43
VI. The Geographical Distribution of the Protestant
Christian Community in China in 1915...The Editor 45
PART IL A DECADE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA %
VII. 63
VIII. An h wei............................. ..........D. T. Huntington 72
IX. cliekiang........................... ................ F. W. Bible 85
X. Chihli.................................”
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Page vi
“...Among Other Orientals in China
i. Among Japanese in China..................Tasuku Harada 348
ii. Among Koreans in Manchuria...............T. S. Soltau 350
XXXIV. The Hunan Colportage Work of the Bible In-
stitute of Los Angeles.........Frank A. Keller 353
XXXV. Evangelism in the Wenchow District..................
A. II. Sharman 358
XXXVI. The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Funds............
J. H. Blackstone 366
PART V. GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
XXXVII. Some Educational Developments in the Past
Year..............................Frank D. Gamewell 372
XXXVIII. The Higher Education of Women... Luella Miner 383
XXXIX. The Supervision of Education in Szechwan......
E. W. Wallace 390
XL. The Progress of Theological Education in
China....................................... P. F. Price 399
XLI. The Religious Condition of Students in Mission
Schools....................................Arthur Rugh 403
XLII. Chinese Returned Students...............Y. T. Tsur 407...”
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Page ix
“...CONTRIBUTORS
(The figure in parenthesis represents the date of first arrival in China.)
Rev. G. Andrew- (1881) Kansu.
China Inland Mission, Lanchowfu.
Julean Arnold, Esq* Economic and Commercial Conditions in China
During the Year 1916.
Commercial Attache, American Legation, Peking.
L. R. O. Bevan, M.A., LL.B., Esq. Constitutional Development
(April 1916-May 1917).
Professor in the Customs College, Peking.
Rev. F. W. Bible. (1909) Chekiang.
American Presbyterian Mission, North, Hangchow.
Rev. J. H. Blackstone. (1906) The Milton Stewart Evangelistic
Funds.
Methodist Episcopal Mission, North, Nanking. Joint Trustee with
Rev. W. E. Blaekstone, D.D., of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic
Funds.
Rev. G. H. Bondfield, D.D. (1883) Mongolia.
Agent, British and Foreign Bible Society, Shanghai. lion. Secretary,
China Continuation Committee.
Rev. Ernest F. Borst-Smith, F.R.G.S. (1906) Shensi.
Baptist Missionary Society, Yenanfu.
Rev. C. L Boynton. (1906) New Mission Stations and Forces,
Statistics and...”
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Page x
“...Peking. Principal, North
China Union Bible Institute, Peking. .
Henry Fowler, L.R.C.P. & S. (1899) A Survey of Leprosy in China.
London Missionary Society, Siaokan, Hup. (In charge of Leper
Hospital.) Member of the L. M. S. Advisor Council.
Rev. R. R. Gailey, M.A. (1898) The Peking Social Reform As-
sociation. The Government System of Simplified Chinese.
General Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association, Peking.
Rev. Frank D. Gamewell, L.L. D. (1881) Some Educational
Developments of the Past Year.
General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association,
Shanghai.
Mrs. Frank D. Gamewell. (1909) The Influence of Western
Civilization on the Women of the Upper Classes.
Chairman, National Committee, Young Women's Christian Associa-
tion. Author of Shanghai, the Gate to China.
Rev. W. H. Grant. (1892) IIonan.
Canadian Presbyterian Mission, Weihwei, Ho.
Roger S. Greene, Esq. The China Medical Board.
Resident Director in China, China Medical Board.
A. L. Grelg, Esq. (1898) The Associated Mission...”
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Page xv
“...ERRATA
Page 48, Year of opening Yunnan, 1881.
Foot-note, Read China Mission Year Book,
1915, Chapter VIII.
,, 98, Chihli: Missionary societies at work, 25.
,, 110, Fukien: Total Chinese workers 3077.
,, 149, Kansu: Tota missionaries, 68.
,, 216, Shantung: missionaries societies at work in the
province, 18. Total missionaries, 453. Total
Chinese workers, 2,002. Communicant members,
32,129.
,, 258, Yunnan: Communicant members, 7,413....”
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Page 1
“...after
some hesitation bowed to the 44 popular" mandate and
signified bis acceptance of the crown; although the calendar
adopted the 11 style of the first year of Hung Hsien; and
although internal communications bore the royal sign
manual, in actual fact the monarchy was not universally ac-
cepted within China itself; nor was the new regime recognized
by the foreign governments. Early in December the acting
Li Fa Yuan & |g= Legislative Assembly), on behalf of
the people, had offered the crown to Yuan Shih-kai; on the
12th December he had signified his assent; and on the 26th
Yunnan declared her independence, this lead being presently
followed by Kweichow, Kiangsi, Kwan^tung and Chekiang.
Within the limits of a single month a new dynasty was
founded and there had commenced the revolt that was to de-
stroy it before the third month of the year had run its course.
Attempts to bring about peace failed. The
Restored enthronement ceremony was postponed inde-
finitely. By February an announcement...”
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Page 10
“...these articles are a kind
Compromise7 of compromise between the two forms of
government commonly called presidential and
parliamentary or cabinet. Like so many compromises they
create a system with -the disadvantages of both but without
their corresponding advantages. The provisional constitu-
tion very definitely limits the power of the cabinet to cope
in any effective way with a parliament which is not in
harmony with the policies of the executive. The main
constitutional struggle during the year has been the attempt
of the Constitution Conference still further to limit the
influence of the executive. In the course of an article
written by Mr. C. T. Wang, who has often sat as president
of the Conference (this article was written for the North China
Daily Newa of the 24th May), there appears the following
table summing up the main difference between the draft
constitution of the temple of Heaven and that which he calls
the permanent constitution. The table reads as follows:
Points of Difference...”
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Page 12
“...third
institution, the party machine, an organism which has been
described as a natural growth which has been inevitably
evolved to form a necessary link to harmonize the policies of
the President and Congress; and in the new born Australian
Commonwealth the "caucus exists not only to harmonize,
but to control the executive and the legislature.
China in her own experiences of these first years of the
Republic has met with the difficulties of a deadlock of a
divided authority. Throughout the past year the feud
between the legislature and the executive has been vigorously
carried on, while during the last few months the contest...”
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Page 14
“...the past five years has demonstrated this, not
once nor even twice. The conclusion is inevitable that a
compromise of some sort is essential; neither the one
extreme nor the other can justify itself so long as there
exists the opposition that is strong enough to break down
the particular system of government that has been set up.
Once again China is passing through a political crisis. One
party is ranged against the other, holding views that refuse
to be reconciled along some middle course. A year ago the
extreme claims of a monarchical system were forced to give
way to an opposition that denied obedience to them; and
again to-day, there is a similar appeal to arms, a cor-
responding refusal this time to comply with the demands of
the opposite extreme....”
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Page 15
“...CHAPTER II
ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS IN CHINA
DURING THE YEAR W6
Julean Arnold
Foreign Trade While the United States and Japan made,
on account of the European War, tremendous
strides during 1916 in foreign trade activities, leading to
enormous developments in their domestic industries, China
found itself handicapped by unfavourable conditions milita-
ting against the trade and industrial expansion which
otherwise might have come to her; yet, in spite of lack of
ships, scarcity of tonnage, high freights, delays in deliveries,
increased cost of manufactures abroad, rise in the gold
values of silver, serious drainage in silver and copper
coinage reserves, discontinuance of specie payments on the
part of the Government bank and, last but not least,
unsettled political conditions, China's foreign trade returns
for 1916 reached near]y one billion taels in value, the
highest ever recorded. Give China a few years of normal
conditions and who would dare predict the extent of the
expansion...”
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Page 16
“...of the United States.
Indigo, once a substantial crop in China
ImPcfr!sand and whicll> Prior t0 the war> liad been
s practically displaced by a cheaper German
synthetic product, added considerably to China's agricultural
wealth during the past year. Wheat commanded higher
prices, due to the complete cessation in supplies of
American-manufactured flour and to high prices abroad.
In fact, for the first lime in history, Mancliurian wheat
found a market in the United States. China wheat would
have gone abroad in large quantities but for the embargo
upon its exportation. Eggs, egg products, tallow, frozen
meats, ground nuts, hides, skins, wool, wood oil, bean oil,
silk and cotton, show increased valuations in their exports
over those of the previous year, in spite of scarcity of
tonnage, unfavourable silver exchange and unsettled
political conditions. Exports to the United States reached
G$75,000,000, the highest mark on record. The high
price of foreign commodities occasioned by the increased...”
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Page 17
“...ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS
17
As during the previous year, railway
Construction construction suffered because of the war.
ns Work on the Hankow line continued, with
promise of connections with Cliangsha by the middle of the
summer of 1917. The advent of an American railway
construction company into the field, under an agreement to
construct a thousand miles of lines, is worthy of note. The
company is making surveys preliminary to actual work on
construction, and has its organization in the field. The
people over China now appreciate the need of railways and
roads. When properly operated and economically managed,
railways in China are marvellous wealth producers. In a
number of sections of the country groups of Chinese
capitalists made overtures for the construction of short
lines. Some activity in road construction work in various
sections of the country lends promise for the future in this
important direction.
The downfall of the Yuan government
^taa^oif110^1 Prduced an acute financial...”
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Page 18
“...34
GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA
unfavourable political conditions, which fact attests the
value of proper, business-like administration of a govern-
ment source of revenue.
A number of small loans were contracted
Loans' freiSners during the year and unfor-
tunately, some of these carried burdensome
obligations tending to impair the further security of what
might otherwise have been valuable future assets. China
has er red in this direction in numerous instances, and it is
to be hoped that far greater care and solicitude for the
future will mark her course henceforth.
The incentive given to native industries by
Industrial anti~ Japanese boycott of 1915 accomplished
Condition much for native enterprise. The high prices
and the scarcity of foreign commodities and
the increased demand abroad for China products accorded a
further incentive to native industry throughout the country,
which might have taken on tremendous proportions had
there been no disturbed political conditions and had the
...”
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Page 19
“...interior towns have installed tele-
?lty t phones during the past year. Away off in far
mprovemen s ^j"eng^sz on ^ j3arma frontier, the Customs
reports of trade tell us that during 1916 an electric-light
plant was installed, a modern fire-engine purchased, a
steam-roller* acquired for improvement of roads and a
scheme put under way for the installation of a water-works
In Foochow City, where progress is presumed to be slow
and where wheeled vehicles are a decided innovation, we
note the completion recently of eight miles of splendid
macadam road with provisions for proper drainage. The
American Consul there reports that shortly after the
construction of this road, licenses were issued for 838
rickshas, 90 bicycles and 48 carriages, all rubber-tired and
new. In Shanghai a modern department store costing
upward of a million dollars, erected and managed by
Chinese, is nearing completion. The Shanghai Chinese
Chamber of Commerce last year dedicated its new building,
which boasts of a large auditorium...”
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Page 20
“...20
GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA
Manjr other instances of increased activity in modern
industrial developments in China during the past year
might have been cited. Missionaries throughout the country
report a receptive attitude on the part of the people to
modern education, modern industrialism and modern
developments generally.
China gave tea and silk to the world. To-
Trade** United Kingdom, the world's largest
importer of tea, takes ninety-six per cent
Indian and Ceylon tea. India and Ceylon export annually
about 550,000,000 lbs., as compared with China's 230,000,000
lbs. of tea. The fact that China's exports of tea have
actually fallen off during the past twenty years while those
of India and Ceylon have increased two-fold is not due to
inferior quality of China tea, as contrasted with the India
and Ceylon products. On the contrary, China teas are
admitted by experts to contain less tannin and to be more
delicate in flavour.
In China the individual has worked alone, receiving
only such...”
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Page 21
“...ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS
21
Government actively interested itself in a constructive work
designed to further silk production and manufacture. The
United States imports annually about G$125,000,000
worth of raw silk. Seventy-two per cent of this came from
Japan and fifteen per cent from China last year. it is not
because of inferior quality that China silk is not preferred,
in fact the China product is superior in tensile strength and
durability. The Chinese do not wind their skeins so that
they can be satisfactorily used in the high-speed American
machine looms. This is a comparatively small matter but
it is the principal difficulty standing in the way of heavier
imports of China silk into the United States. That the
Chinese are receptive to the needed changes in their method's
of preparation of the silk for this market is demonstrated
by the enthusiastic reception which attended the efforts of
Mr. D. E. Douty, representing the silk manufacturers of
America, when he recently visited...”
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