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“...THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK 1917 (EIGHTH ANNUAL ISSUE) Edited by THE CHINA CONTINUATION COMMITTEE under The direction of an editorial committee Rev. D, MacGillivray, D.D., Chairman Rev. C. Y. Cheng Rev. F. D. Gamewell, Ph.D., LL.D. D. E. Hoste, Esq. Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Rev. J. Walter Lcwrie, D.D. Rev. G. F. Mosher Rev. Frank Rawlinson Rev. W. Hopfcyn Rees, D.D. Rt. Rev. l. H. Roots, D.D. Rev. Otto jScSMftze _ Rev. Arffrurl>i^Smith, P.D, /v ....."..... ' /&/ s editor E. C. Ix>benstftfe\ V' / , vAV!1^ y/cv Foreign Secretary, China ContinuattoQ i^otnqiittf^e ...'' SHANGHAI THE CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR CHINA 19 17...”
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“...THE YEAR BOOK IS SOLD In Great Britain fay The Religious Tract Society, 4 Bouverie St., London, E. C. In the United States by , Missionary Education Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., New York City...”
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“...this volume were written by sixty different persons, living in all parts of China, and connected with many different societies. While each chapter is complete in itself, that comprehensive view of the work of the past year as a whole, which it is the object of this book to present, will hardly be gained except by reading the book through. The China Continuation Committee is responsible for the China Mission Year Book only in that it appoints the Editorial Committee and the Editor. When articles in the book are the expression of the policies or the views of the China Continuation Committee, this fact is made clear; in all other cases, the writer of the paper is alone responsible for the opinions expressed. The arrangement of the material is in the main the same as last year. The distinctive feature of this issue is a series of provincial articles, which give a brief review of the more important events that have taken place in each province during the past ten years, since the appearance of...”
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“...of the Missions, without whose painstaking work and sympathetic co-operation, the facts here presented could not have been secured. He also acknowledges his indebt- edness to the members of the office staff of the China Continuation Committee, to- the Rev. M. T. Stauffer and Miss M. Yerne McNeely for assistance in checking statistics, preparing tables and indexing the book, and especially to the Rev. C. L. Boynton, who this year as last, in addition to supplying the statistics and editing che Directory of Protestant Missions in China, has seen the China Mission Year Book through the press. E. C. Lobenstine. July 23rd, 1917....”
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“...CONTENTS PREFACE iii-iv CONTENTS v-viii CONTRIBUTORS ix-xiii PART I. THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA Chapter Page I. Constitutional Development (April 1916May 1917) L. R. O. Bevan 1 II. Economic and Commercial Conditions in China During The Year 1916....................................Julean Arnold 15 III. Railways and Missions in China............W. S. Lewis 23 IV, The Society for Religious Liberty...George Chi'en Hsu 34 V. The Opium and Morphine Trade in China The Menace, of Morphine...........................Wu Lien-teh 38 The Opium Trade in China........................E. W. Thwing 42 Resolutions Regarding the Importation of Morphine The Editor 43 VI. The Geographical Distribution of the Protestant Christian Community in China in 1915...The Editor 45 PART IL A DECADE OF PROGRESS IN CHINA % VII. 63 VIII. An h wei............................. ..........D. T. Huntington 72 IX. cliekiang........................... ................ F. W. Bible 85 X. Chihli.................................”
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“...Among Other Orientals in China i. Among Japanese in China..................Tasuku Harada 348 ii. Among Koreans in Manchuria...............T. S. Soltau 350 XXXIV. The Hunan Colportage Work of the Bible In- stitute of Los Angeles.........Frank A. Keller 353 XXXV. Evangelism in the Wenchow District.................. A. II. Sharman 358 XXXVI. The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Funds............ J. H. Blackstone 366 PART V. GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION XXXVII. Some Educational Developments in the Past Year..............................Frank D. Gamewell 372 XXXVIII. The Higher Education of Women... Luella Miner 383 XXXIX. The Supervision of Education in Szechwan...... E. W. Wallace 390 XL. The Progress of Theological Education in China....................................... P. F. Price 399 XLI. The Religious Condition of Students in Mission Schools....................................Arthur Rugh 403 XLII. Chinese Returned Students...............Y. T. Tsur 407...”
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“...CONTRIBUTORS (The figure in parenthesis represents the date of first arrival in China.) Rev. G. Andrew- (1881) Kansu. China Inland Mission, Lanchowfu. Julean Arnold, Esq* Economic and Commercial Conditions in China During the Year 1916. Commercial Attache, American Legation, Peking. L. R. O. Bevan, M.A., LL.B., Esq. Constitutional Development (April 1916-May 1917). Professor in the Customs College, Peking. Rev. F. W. Bible. (1909) Chekiang. American Presbyterian Mission, North, Hangchow. Rev. J. H. Blackstone. (1906) The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Funds. Methodist Episcopal Mission, North, Nanking. Joint Trustee with Rev. W. E. Blaekstone, D.D., of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Funds. Rev. G. H. Bondfield, D.D. (1883) Mongolia. Agent, British and Foreign Bible Society, Shanghai. lion. Secretary, China Continuation Committee. Rev. Ernest F. Borst-Smith, F.R.G.S. (1906) Shensi. Baptist Missionary Society, Yenanfu. Rev. C. L Boynton. (1906) New Mission Stations and Forces, Statistics and...”
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“...Peking. Principal, North China Union Bible Institute, Peking. . Henry Fowler, L.R.C.P. & S. (1899) A Survey of Leprosy in China. London Missionary Society, Siaokan, Hup. (In charge of Leper Hospital.) Member of the L. M. S. Advisor Council. Rev. R. R. Gailey, M.A. (1898) The Peking Social Reform As- sociation. The Government System of Simplified Chinese. General Secretary, Young Men's Christian Association, Peking. Rev. Frank D. Gamewell, L.L. D. (1881) Some Educational Developments of the Past Year. General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association, Shanghai. Mrs. Frank D. Gamewell. (1909) The Influence of Western Civilization on the Women of the Upper Classes. Chairman, National Committee, Young Women's Christian Associa- tion. Author of Shanghai, the Gate to China. Rev. W. H. Grant. (1892) IIonan. Canadian Presbyterian Mission, Weihwei, Ho. Roger S. Greene, Esq. The China Medical Board. Resident Director in China, China Medical Board. A. L. Grelg, Esq. (1898) The Associated Mission...”
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“...ERRATA Page 48, Year of opening Yunnan, 1881. Foot-note, Read China Mission Year Book, 1915, Chapter VIII. ,, 98, Chihli: Missionary societies at work, 25. ,, 110, Fukien: Total Chinese workers 3077. ,, 149, Kansu: Tota missionaries, 68. ,, 216, Shantung: missionaries societies at work in the province, 18. Total missionaries, 453. Total Chinese workers, 2,002. Communicant members, 32,129. ,, 258, Yunnan: Communicant members, 7,413....”
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“...after some hesitation bowed to the 44 popular" mandate and signified bis acceptance of the crown; although the calendar adopted the 11 style of the first year of Hung Hsien; and although internal communications bore the royal sign manual, in actual fact the monarchy was not universally ac- cepted within China itself; nor was the new regime recognized by the foreign governments. Early in December the acting Li Fa Yuan & |g= Legislative Assembly), on behalf of the people, had offered the crown to Yuan Shih-kai; on the 12th December he had signified his assent; and on the 26th Yunnan declared her independence, this lead being presently followed by Kweichow, Kiangsi, Kwan^tung and Chekiang. Within the limits of a single month a new dynasty was founded and there had commenced the revolt that was to de- stroy it before the third month of the year had run its course. Attempts to bring about peace failed. The Restored enthronement ceremony was postponed inde- finitely. By February an announcement...”
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“...these articles are a kind Compromise7 of compromise between the two forms of government commonly called presidential and parliamentary or cabinet. Like so many compromises they create a system with -the disadvantages of both but without their corresponding advantages. The provisional constitu- tion very definitely limits the power of the cabinet to cope in any effective way with a parliament which is not in harmony with the policies of the executive. The main constitutional struggle during the year has been the attempt of the Constitution Conference still further to limit the influence of the executive. In the course of an article written by Mr. C. T. Wang, who has often sat as president of the Conference (this article was written for the North China Daily Newa of the 24th May), there appears the following table summing up the main difference between the draft constitution of the temple of Heaven and that which he calls the permanent constitution. The table reads as follows: Points of Difference...”
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“...third institution, the party machine, an organism which has been described as a natural growth which has been inevitably evolved to form a necessary link to harmonize the policies of the President and Congress; and in the new born Australian Commonwealth the "caucus exists not only to harmonize, but to control the executive and the legislature. China in her own experiences of these first years of the Republic has met with the difficulties of a deadlock of a divided authority. Throughout the past year the feud between the legislature and the executive has been vigorously carried on, while during the last few months the contest...”
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“...the past five years has demonstrated this, not once nor even twice. The conclusion is inevitable that a compromise of some sort is essential; neither the one extreme nor the other can justify itself so long as there exists the opposition that is strong enough to break down the particular system of government that has been set up. Once again China is passing through a political crisis. One party is ranged against the other, holding views that refuse to be reconciled along some middle course. A year ago the extreme claims of a monarchical system were forced to give way to an opposition that denied obedience to them; and again to-day, there is a similar appeal to arms, a cor- responding refusal this time to comply with the demands of the opposite extreme....”
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“...CHAPTER II ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS IN CHINA DURING THE YEAR W6 Julean Arnold Foreign Trade While the United States and Japan made, on account of the European War, tremendous strides during 1916 in foreign trade activities, leading to enormous developments in their domestic industries, China found itself handicapped by unfavourable conditions milita- ting against the trade and industrial expansion which otherwise might have come to her; yet, in spite of lack of ships, scarcity of tonnage, high freights, delays in deliveries, increased cost of manufactures abroad, rise in the gold values of silver, serious drainage in silver and copper coinage reserves, discontinuance of specie payments on the part of the Government bank and, last but not least, unsettled political conditions, China's foreign trade returns for 1916 reached near]y one billion taels in value, the highest ever recorded. Give China a few years of normal conditions and who would dare predict the extent of the expansion...”
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“...of the United States. Indigo, once a substantial crop in China ImPcfr!sand and whicll> Prior t0 the war> liad been s practically displaced by a cheaper German synthetic product, added considerably to China's agricultural wealth during the past year. Wheat commanded higher prices, due to the complete cessation in supplies of American-manufactured flour and to high prices abroad. In fact, for the first lime in history, Mancliurian wheat found a market in the United States. China wheat would have gone abroad in large quantities but for the embargo upon its exportation. Eggs, egg products, tallow, frozen meats, ground nuts, hides, skins, wool, wood oil, bean oil, silk and cotton, show increased valuations in their exports over those of the previous year, in spite of scarcity of tonnage, unfavourable silver exchange and unsettled political conditions. Exports to the United States reached G$75,000,000, the highest mark on record. The high price of foreign commodities occasioned by the increased...”
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“...ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS 17 As during the previous year, railway Construction construction suffered because of the war. ns Work on the Hankow line continued, with promise of connections with Cliangsha by the middle of the summer of 1917. The advent of an American railway construction company into the field, under an agreement to construct a thousand miles of lines, is worthy of note. The company is making surveys preliminary to actual work on construction, and has its organization in the field. The people over China now appreciate the need of railways and roads. When properly operated and economically managed, railways in China are marvellous wealth producers. In a number of sections of the country groups of Chinese capitalists made overtures for the construction of short lines. Some activity in road construction work in various sections of the country lends promise for the future in this important direction. The downfall of the Yuan government ^taa^oif110^1 Prduced an acute financial...”
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“...34 GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA unfavourable political conditions, which fact attests the value of proper, business-like administration of a govern- ment source of revenue. A number of small loans were contracted Loans' freiSners during the year and unfor- tunately, some of these carried burdensome obligations tending to impair the further security of what might otherwise have been valuable future assets. China has er red in this direction in numerous instances, and it is to be hoped that far greater care and solicitude for the future will mark her course henceforth. The incentive given to native industries by Industrial anti~ Japanese boycott of 1915 accomplished Condition much for native enterprise. The high prices and the scarcity of foreign commodities and the increased demand abroad for China products accorded a further incentive to native industry throughout the country, which might have taken on tremendous proportions had there been no disturbed political conditions and had the ...”
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“...interior towns have installed tele- ?lty t phones during the past year. Away off in far mprovemen s ^j"eng^sz on ^ j3arma frontier, the Customs reports of trade tell us that during 1916 an electric-light plant was installed, a modern fire-engine purchased, a steam-roller* acquired for improvement of roads and a scheme put under way for the installation of a water-works In Foochow City, where progress is presumed to be slow and where wheeled vehicles are a decided innovation, we note the completion recently of eight miles of splendid macadam road with provisions for proper drainage. The American Consul there reports that shortly after the construction of this road, licenses were issued for 838 rickshas, 90 bicycles and 48 carriages, all rubber-tired and new. In Shanghai a modern department store costing upward of a million dollars, erected and managed by Chinese, is nearing completion. The Shanghai Chinese Chamber of Commerce last year dedicated its new building, which boasts of a large auditorium...”
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“...20 GENERAL. SITUATION Itf CHINA Manjr other instances of increased activity in modern industrial developments in China during the past year might have been cited. Missionaries throughout the country report a receptive attitude on the part of the people to modern education, modern industrialism and modern developments generally. China gave tea and silk to the world. To- Trade** United Kingdom, the world's largest importer of tea, takes ninety-six per cent Indian and Ceylon tea. India and Ceylon export annually about 550,000,000 lbs., as compared with China's 230,000,000 lbs. of tea. The fact that China's exports of tea have actually fallen off during the past twenty years while those of India and Ceylon have increased two-fold is not due to inferior quality of China tea, as contrasted with the India and Ceylon products. On the contrary, China teas are admitted by experts to contain less tannin and to be more delicate in flavour. In China the individual has worked alone, receiving only such...”
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“...ECONOMIC AND COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS 21 Government actively interested itself in a constructive work designed to further silk production and manufacture. The United States imports annually about G$125,000,000 worth of raw silk. Seventy-two per cent of this came from Japan and fifteen per cent from China last year. it is not because of inferior quality that China silk is not preferred, in fact the China product is superior in tensile strength and durability. The Chinese do not wind their skeins so that they can be satisfactorily used in the high-speed American machine looms. This is a comparatively small matter but it is the principal difficulty standing in the way of heavier imports of China silk into the United States. That the Chinese are receptive to the needed changes in their method's of preparation of the silk for this market is demonstrated by the enthusiastic reception which attended the efforts of Mr. D. E. Douty, representing the silk manufacturers of America, when he recently visited...”