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“...codes and standards; geography of Nepal; expertise in geotechnical field, understanding of socio-cultural situation of Nepal; experience in capacity building. Under the guidance of Technical Committee, Technical Guidelines may have to be prepared for - i) disaster resistant reconstruction for different building typologies; and ii) repairs and retrofitting of partially damaged buildings. Nepal National Building Code Development Project, DUDBC, UNESCO, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, World Housing Encyclopedia, Architecture Institute of Japan, etc. along with traditional local wisdom could be used to evolve a set of guidelines. The Technical Committee could guide preparation of
0 Illustrative guideline for each building typology for repair, remediation and seismic improvement
0 Illustrative guideline for each building typology for reconstruction
0 Guidelines on Training for Trainers for engineers, Junior engineers, foreman and craftsman (stone mason, brick mason, concrete mason...”
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“...districts. As a result,, the ability of the health facilities to respond to the healthcare needs has been affected by the destruction and service delivery is disorganized. Consequently, vulnerable populations, including disaster victims, have been further disadvantaged in accessing health services in remote areas. A total of 18 health workers and volunteers have lost their lives and 75 got injured adding further challenges in health resumption of services delivery.
1 Source: (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, 2014)
2 Source: (Ministry of Health and Population , 2012)
3 Source: (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2014)
33...”
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“...(44) 17,439 392 1,825 4,435 4,849 3,675 467 4,005
Total 27,723 609 2,820 7,144 7,813 5,922 725 6,366
Source: Health Management Information System, 2014/15, DoHS
The target set for MDG 4 was to reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015 and Nepal stands at 40 per thousand live births in 2013. Similarly, another MDG goal is maternal mortality which has declined by 76% from 790 per 100,000 live births in 1996 to 190 in 2013 being well on track. (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division, 2014). However these goals may get affected due to the earthquake. Total Fertility is 2.6 births per women in 2011 is also a significant decline from 5 births per women in 1990.
The 2011 Population Census showed the percentage of disability among male and female was respectively 2.2% and 1.7% (Central Bureau of Statistics, 2014). Percentage of households within the reach of 30 minutes to HP, PHCC/public hospital and private clinic/hospital is r...”
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“...Kathmandu: Central Bureau of Statistics.
Department of Health Services. (2014). Annual Report 2070/71. Kathmandu: Department of Health Services.
Department of Health Services. (2014/15). Estimated Target Population Fiscal Year 2071/72 (2014/2015). Kathmandu: Management Division, Department of Health Services.
Ministry of Finance. (2013/14). Red Book. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance.
Ministry of Home Affairs. (2015). Incident Report. Kathmandu: Ministry of Home Affairs.
WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, The World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. (2014). Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2013. Geneva: WHO.
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“...(MICS) conducted in 2014 provides the latest statistics on the extent of the child under nutrition challenge faced by the country. Stunting; underweight and wasting rates stand at 37.5; 30.1 and 11.3 percent respectively.
1 Figure 1 shows a comparison of the findings of MICS 2014 with the situation five and ten years ago, from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 20111 2 and 20 063. Though the stunting prevalence seems to be declining; it is still considered very high according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Categorization of the Public Health Significance of Undernutrition Indicators. In the past five years, the prevalence of underweight; the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) indicator for nutrition; and wasting have increased.
Figure 1: Child Undernutrition Rates (%)
The MICS 2014 did not collect information on micronutrient status or on the nutrition status of women. However; the high anemia rate of 48 percent among pregnant women shown by NDHS 2011 is a depiction of ...”
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“...at district and sub-district level. Annex 1 presents the district level datasets from both sources for the available nutrition indicators. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a comparison of data from the two sources for stunting, wasting and severe wasting prevalence in the 14 districts.
4 Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
60...”
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“...approach involving pooling of government and donor funds to support a jointly agreed national School Sector Reform Program (SSRP) through direct budgetary support.24 In TVET too, there is good evidence of coordination amongst the government and different development partners supporting the sub-sector albeit in project mode. The major development partners supporting TVET include ADB, DFID, EU, Finland, KOICA, SDC, USAID and the World Bank, and interagency coordination is led by the SDC. However, development partners' engagement in higher education is limited to the World Bank.
Disaster Risk Reduction
Under the SSRP, efforts have been undertaken to mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR) and safety in school education. The Ministry of Education (MOE) prepared a pilot school safety action plan in 2012 to undertake (i) retrofitting of 260 school buildings in Kathmandu valley, (ii) training on retrofitting to 1,050 masons, (iii) training to 30 Department of Education (DOE) and District Education...”
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“...private schools and various teacher organizations on 'll May to understand the effects of the disaster on the functioning of the education system and to solicit their suggestions for potential recovery strategies and interventions. Further consultations on the recovery strategies and interventions were carried out with these agencies and their suggestions have been incorporated in report. In addition, the children's consultations organized by the Plan International, Save the Children, UNICEF and World Vision International Nepal from 25 May to 7 June 2015 has informed the PDNA education sector report by reflecting the children's voice from 14 most affected districts.
Key Assumptions and Limitations
Damages to infrastructure and assets in all sub-sectors have been estimated on the basis of the number of classrooms/rooms damaged (not on the basis of the number building units damaged). As 'intact' classrooms in an unusable building35 have generally not been included in the damage reports from the...”
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“... Shanti Jagannathan ADB Education Specialist Co-lead from Development Partners
10 Mr. Sanjay Khanal NPC Under Secretary Member
11 Dr. Dilli Ram Rimal DoE Director General Member
12 Mr. Rajendra Kumar Paudel DoE SESP Director Member
13 Mr. Jhapper Singh Vishokarma DoE SDE Member
14 Dr. Youbraj Paudyal DoE Civil Engineer Member
15 Mr. Narayan Krishna Shrestha DoE Deputy Director Member
16 Mr. Jhum Prasad Rai MoE Under Secretary Member
17 Dr. Saurav Dev Bhatta World Bank Senior Education Specialist Member
18 Mr. Ram Krishna Rijal World Bank Education Specialist Member
19 Mr. Surya Acharya NSET Director Member
20 Mr. Tap Raj Pant UNESCO Program Manager Member
21 Ms. Serena Rossignoli UNESCO Education Specialist Member
22 Mr. Aagat Awasthi UNESCO Education Consultant Member
23 Ms. Sarah Bernhardt EU Program Manager Member
24 Ms. Jannie Kwok USAID Deputy Director Member
25 Mr. Ang Sherpa JICA Program Manager Member
26 Mr. Yasumasa Nagaoka JICA Education Advisor Member
27 Ms. Mamta Gurung WFP...”
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“...souls, beliefs, identity and pride. Visitors from other cultures and countries far and wide are drawn to Nepal to experience its culture and heritage. In the aftermath of the 2015 earthquake, Nepal suffered its worst loss of heritage since the earthquake of 1934. Major monuments in Kathmandu's seven World Monument Zones were severely affected and many collapsed completely. In addition, in more than 20 districts, thousands of private traditional homes and historic public buildings, as well as ancient temples and monasteries, were damaged or collapsed completely. Bringing the country's heritage back to its former glory will result in a range of economic benefits, in particular for Nepal's world class craftsmen, artists, architects, conservators, historians and engineers. The estimated damage to heritage structures cultural institutions is about USD 169 million and related losses from damage and impact on livelihoods totals around USD 23 million.
The long-term recovery plan envisages complete...”
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“...The Kathmandu Valley features seven World Heritage zones inscribed as one UNESCO World Heritage Site: i.e. (i) the three town centers of the Royal Cities Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur; (ii) the two important Buddhist monument sites of Boudha and Swayambhu and (iii) the two major Hindu sites of Pashupatinath and Changu Narayan. In addition, the Government of Nepal has listed Panauti, Gorkha and Dakshinkali as national protected monument zones. According to the DoA there are close to 1000 historic religious sites and heritage buildings within the small domain of the Kathmandu Valley. No comprehensive inventory has yet been created and published by the DoA. Most available records are in Nepali language and compiled in loose documents that are spread across various locations.
Carl Pruscha's "Kathmandu Valley, The Preservation of Physical Environment and Cultural Heritage: A Protective Inventory", published in 1975, is the most comprehensive record available to date and continues to serve...”
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“...Fine Arts) and three museums (National Museum, Chauni; Hanuman Dhoka Palace Museum, Kathmandu; and the National Art Gallery in Bhaktapur) suffered major damage. All buildings will need extensive restoration works to bring back some semblance of their past glory, however, available data now indicates that the collections remain unharmed.
Emergency response was initiated immediately after the first earthquake and carried out with widely different results and speed in the seven locations within the World Heritage Site.
In Patan, for example, the temple-studded Durbar Square with the adjacent Royal Palace suffered considerable damage but many recently restored palace buildings and temples survived the earthquake, often without any or only minor damage. Representatives from the DoA took the lead in coordinating security and clean-up efforts immediately after disaster had struck. Remnants of three completely destroyed Pagoda temples were secured with the help of hundreds of volunteers, soldiers and...”
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“...so severely damaged that it will take many years for a full recovery. More in-depth research is needed to assess the impact on thousands of religious institutions that are widely distributed, often in remote areas of affected districts. Religious national tourism (pilgrimages) has come to an almost complete halt as people are preoccupied dealing with the immediate effects of the disaster on their livelihoods. Many roads and access trails to remote pilgrimage sites have been cut off. All seven World Heritage zones in the Kathmandu Valley have been closed and ticket collection from tourists has been suspended.
Effects on governance
The effects on governance in the cultural sector have been limited. The closing of government offices and institutions, such as cultural centers and museums, has slowed down the implementation of ongoing restoration projects. The need to respond swiftly to the disaster took a priority over ongoing program activities.
Effects on risks and vulnerabilities
Preservation...”
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“...Estimation of losses to service delivery and access to goods and services
Losses from reduced revenues from the sale of tourist entry tickets to World Heritage Sites and museums is estimated at USD 6.2 million over the next 12 months. The calculation is based on a 75% reduction in income due to a drastic decline in tourism and the fact that no entry fees have been collected since the earthquake and all museums have remained closed for the time being.
There are many people whose livelihood is dependent on the temples and places of worship. The income they make may come from the following:
• Direct income from the shrines as salaries
• share from the income of the temples
• incomes during special festivals and performance of various religious rites
• income to communities during special occasions subsidized by the place of worship
While this is something that can't be quantified without a detailed survey, it is assumed that around 10% of the total damage should be allocated as "impact on...”
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“...Income from World Heritage Sites and Museum entrance fees:
Site/ Museum Visitors for fiscal year 2013/14 Current ticket price NRs. Sub total NRs. Total NRs. US$
Hanuman Dhoka ticket
SAARC 27,546 150 4,131,845
Foreigners 258,553 750 193,914,998
198,046,842 $1,980,468
National Museum (Chauni)
SAARC 880 50 44,023
Foreigners 2,425 150 363,689
407,712 $4,077
Swayambhu
SAARC 133,741 50 6,687,041
Foreigners 268,092 200 53,618,418
60,305,459 $603,055
Boudha
SAARC 103,075 100 10,307,500
Foreigners 223,174 250 55,793,500
66,101,000 $661,010
Pashupatinath
SAARC
Foreigners 110,000 1,000 110,000,000
' 110,000,000 $1,100,000
TOTAL FOR KATHMANDU: ' 434,861,012 ’ $4,348,610
Patan
SAARC 100,000 200 20,000,000
Foreigners 200,000 500 100,000,000
120,000,000 $1,200,000
Patan Museum
SAARC 6,560 250 1,640,000
Foreigners 16,489 400 6,595,600
8,235,600...”
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“...ions.
Implementation of building restoration responsibilities should be divided into three sectors:
• Sector 1: Restoration of village monasteries, temples and non-listed monuments shall be the responsibility of local communities. The DoA should act as the overall advisory agency but day-to-day responsibilities in the management, procurement of materials, reporting and financial accounting will be with the local communities.
• Sector 2: The restoration of listed monuments, including those in World Heritage Sites, will continue to be under the direct supervision and management of the DoA.
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“...center until all salvage and stabilization efforts have been completed and sites along with valuable art objects are fully secured and recorded. The Kathmandu site poses the biggest challenge with large parts of the Royal Palace destroyed or threatened by collapse. Removal of the large collection of the Hanuman Dhoka museum, particularly the very heavy 18th century royal thrones needs to be addressed as soon as possible and a safe storage location needs to be found.
The partial opening of all World Heritage zones to the public byJune 15, 2015 is an ambitious aim announced by the Government. Unstable structures will need to be dismantled and unsafe areas fenced off in order to provide a safe environment for visitors.
Temporarily stored remnants of collapsed temples need to be photographed and inventoried and stored safely, if necessary in newly constructed repositories.
The situation in remote areas has not been assessed professionally. Till now the focus has been on supplying humanitarian...”
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“...comprehensive documentation of all affected 694 historic structures with detailed information regarding the type and degree of damage. The master plan needs to state a clear sequence of and a rationale for implementation. Restoration activities should be distributed between all districts, cities, and sites as evenly as possible. In general, priority should be given to repair and restore damaged structures before tackling ground-up reconstructions. Attention needs to be given not only to sites on the World Heritage list but to other smaller and significant monuments as well.
Detailed project proposals, customized to the requirement of each building, need to address structural and seismic retrofitting solutions. Based on the analysis of how past restorations performed and how the particular building withstood the earthquake, DoA should seek the advice of international experts to develop methods for new earthquake resilient construction. The project plan should include detailed documentation of each...”
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“...Bhaktapur the municipality oversees and manages the collection system and has been responsible for investing a good portion of the income for preservation work. An estimated yearly income of over USD 3 million has provided substantial progress in restoring and preserving historic monuments.
Kathmandu and Patan municipalities followed Bhaktapur's example and set up similar systems with estimated yearly incomes of USD 2 mi 111 ion and USD 1 million respectively. The chart under section 4 "Income from World Heritage Sites and Museum Entrance Fees" provides an overview of the substantial income potential.
It is highly recommended to develop and strengthen a streamlined collection system that is administered in a transparent and fair manner and ensures that tourist dollars collected for visiting cultural heritage sites will be invested directly in the restoration effort and not diverted to other purposes.
141...”
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“...Piloting/pre paring irrigation scheme new Design/retrofitting Guidelines 10 10.0 10.4 30.4
TOTAL 88.2 189.3 179.3 10.4 467.2
Implementation Arrangements
In view of the limited budget required for reconstruction and recovery, it is proposed to absorb the cost of reconstruction through donor funded and government projects currently under implementation including (i) ADB-funded Community Managed Irrigated Agriculture Sector Project (CMIASP) and Water Resource Project Preparation Facility (WRPPF), (ii) World Bank-financed Irrigation and Water Resource Management Project (IWRMP), or (iii) government-financed Medium Irrigation Project (MIP). If required, the geographical scope of these projects may be extended to cover all 31 districts.
Before and during monsoon season, stocks of materials and tools will be purchased and dispatched to needy districts for supporting WUAs-led emergency repairs. Irrigation and DOLIDAR district engineers are to assess the needs and provide technical support to the WUAs...”
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