Your search within this document for 'Earthquake' resulted in eleven matching pages.
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“...ResearchGate See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318272666 Architectural considerations in restoration of heritage buildings damaged by earthquake Article in Disaster Advances • January 2017 CITATIONS 0 READS 101 1 author: Anjali Sharma National Institute of Technology Patna 2 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Project Architecture View project All content following this page was uploaded by Anjali Sharma on 20 July 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file....”
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“...time ever. This study has enlisted several architectural considerations found necessary for restoration of buildings damaged by earthquake and has also suggested the preferred course of action for the severely damaged Dharhara Tower. Keywords: Architectural considerations, restoration, heritage buildings, earthquake, Patna, Dharhara Tower, Sher Shahi Mosque. Introduction An earthquake of 7.9 magnitude in Nepal on April 25, 2015 severely damaged four of the seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Kathmandu valley1 including the 183-year old Dharhara tower in the centre of Kathmandu (Fig. 1). An important landmark in the city, Dharhara tower was originally built by the Rana Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa in 1825-26 for Queen Lalit Tripura as part of the city’s first European-style palace. Though it survived the earthquake of 1833, the 8.4 magnitude Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 1934 caused severe damage when only two of the eleven stories of the tower remained. However, it was restored later with only...”
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“...of known magnitudes (i.e. instrumented events) of 6.0 or more and those with observed intensities of IX (historical events) that have occurred in this region are given in table 1. Patna, a city with a glorious past and a continuous history that spans over 2500 years, has a rich legacy of buildings. However, located in zone IV - a high damage risk zone -Patna is prone to earthquakes. Seismic events in the past have caused moderate to severe damage to many of its heritage buildings. The Bihar earthquake of 1934 was one of the worst earthquakes in India’s history that caused severe damages to many buildings in Patna which were subsequently repaired while a few required restorations. Through detailed case studies of six selected heritage buildings of Patna, this study is an attempt to (1) highlight the nature and extent of damages suffered by these buildings in different earthquakes and (2) analyze the appropriateness of restorations done. Based on the findings of the case studies and review...”
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“...Disaster A chances Vol. 10 (7) July (2017) covered with lime surkhi concrete. This historic mosque had suffered severe damages in the 1934 Bihar earthquake. A major part of its roof and minarets had collapsed including the four small domes and the flat roof. Only the central dome remained intact despite a few cracks. The front facade was also damaged in the earthquake. Partial reconstruction in 1978 included strengthening of the central dome and two smaller domes in the front portion as well as the flat roof on the front and the middle portion of the mosque. The remaining parts of the roof and the minarets were reconstructed completely in 1999. However, the appearance of the mosque was changed beyond recognition as a result of these reconstructions. A picture found in a book by Kazimi and Kumar9 provides a glimpse of the original mosque (Fig. 3). The restored building of the Sher Shahi mosque (Fig. 4) reveals several deviations from the original one. The most striking of these deviations...”
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“...clock-tower. Apparently Italianate, its features such as chhajjas (overhanging eaves) and a lookout similar to the minars (a tower or a turret) represent Indo-saracenic influence. The viewing area above the clock was perhaps intended for surveillance. The tower formed a landmark for miles around.16 This Clock Tower had partially collapsed during the 1934 earthquake. During reconstruction, its height was reduced to 184 feet from its original height of 198 feet.19 Tie rods were used at the top during reconstruction. However, there were no changes in its original design, architectural elements, ornamentation or colour scheme. During 1988 earthquake, slight crack was observed in wall just above the clock where girder rested. There were also vertical cracks near the crown of the arches. Cracks were also observed in the walls and roof of left block17 which were repaired later. 5. Governor’s House/Raj Bhawan (1916-17) Vne Raj Bhawan, placed at the opposite end of a long avenue to the Secretariat, is...”
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“...standing tall as a reminder to the dark shadows of colonialism. The Patna Secretariat, completed in 1915, was a recently constructed and one of die most important public buildings in Patna, the capital of the British province of Bihar and Orissa when it was damaged in the earthquake of 1934. It is least likely that expert opinion was not sought towards reconstruction of its tower when compared to die Sher Shahi mosque which is under ownership of the local WAQF board which perhaps lacked bodi the means and the ability to seek expert opinion. (4) Impact of ownership on restoration: The promptness widi which damage is assessed, proposal is formulated and repair and/or restoration is undertaken for a building after an earthquake, depends on several factors such as ownership, availability of funds and expertise. It was found that die only building among die ones studied that is not owned and maintained by the government - the Sher Shahi Mosque, was restored after 44 years of devastation! It suffered...”
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“...Disaster A dvances Vol. 10 (7) July (2017) Table 1 Largest measured earthquakes in Bihar Place Date Magnitude Epicentre Eastern Nepal33 26.8.1833 7.9 ±0.1 27.500° N, 86.500° E Bihar-Bengal area34 11.11.1842 Maximum intensity IX 27.000° N, 88.300° E Bihar-Nepal border 15.1.1934 8.4 26.500° N, 86.500° E Udaypur Gahri, Nepal 20.8.1988 6.8 26.755° N, 86.616° E Lamjung, Nepal 25.4. 2015 7.9 28.147° N, 84.708° E Aftershock of Nepal earthquake 12.5.2015 7.3 27.837° N, 86.077° E Table 2 Selected Heritage Buildings taken-up for case study S.N. Name Constructed in Managed by Architectural Style Damaged on Extent of Damage 1. Sher Shahi Mosque 1541-45 WAQF Board Afghan Style 15.1.1934 Collapse of 4 small domes 2. Gol Ghar 1786 Govt, of Bihar Stupa style Several Cracks in dome 3. NIT Patna 1898-1902 NIT Patna Indo-saracenic revival 12.5.2015 Fine cracks in arches 4. Secretariat 1913-15 Govt, of Bihar Stripped neoclassical 15.1.1934, 20.8.1988 Collapse of Tower 5. Patna High Court 1913-16 Govt, of Bihar...”
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“...monuments present the most tangible legacy of our past and often, they are rich source of archaeological information. Such rich sources of heritage warrant a certain degree of care especially when restoring following damage due to destructive natural events such as earthquakes. Based on the outcome of the cases studied and review of extensive literature, an attempt has been made to explore considerations that are important from an architectural point of view in restoration of buildings damaged by earthquake. Earthquakes have been a menace to buildings ever since man began to construct them. Repairs and restoration have been practiced in India since ancient times. Ancient Indian literature such as the Agamas prescribing the rules of constructions, advocates repairing or replacement of broken architectural members.24 While significant achievement has been made in recent times towards restoration of buildings damaged by earthquakes as well as seismically safe structures, these are mostly from structural...”
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“...management and sociology) towards providing solutions for a better overall resilience in the post-earthquake reconstruction. Their work also exemplifies “an effective development of a multidisciplinary approach” when seismic protection of entire city centers instead of singular heritage monument was undertaken combining “hazard assessment, historic background, architectural features and engineering approaches.” Therefore, involvement of architects is not only a pre-requisite but should be integral to the entire process of decision-making towards appropriate restoration. Use of intelligent technologies in post-earthquake damage assessment: Intelligent technologies are being commonly used in post-earthquake damage assessment. Menderes et al29 have demonstrated Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems as efficient tools for automatic detection of damaged buildings after an earthquake particularly in urban areas. Their approach involves analyzing change using remote sensing and Information...”
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“...historic fabric. Costs can be measured also in the potential loss of fabric due to the invasiveness of the intervention and benefits can be those gained by the intervention as well as knowledge that will be useful in future. Integration of seismic design with architectural education: Earthquake architecture helps bridging the gap between structure courses and architectural design studios and facilitates the integration of the two disciplines; therefore, seismic design must be made an integral part of architectural education by the institutions imparting such education. It must also be integrated into specialized courses such as Architectural/Urban Conservation etc. Obligatory trainings related to earthquake resistant design of buildings must also be provided to the professional architects.32 Recommendations for Dharhara Tower The collapse of Dharhara tower bears similarity to the clock tower of Patna Secretariat except one major difference. Unlike the clock tower, which was a key feature...”
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“...Handbook of Conservation of Heritage Buildings, (2013) 27. Griler K., Saglamer A., Celep Z. and Pakdamar F., Structural and earthquake response analysis of the Little Hagia Sofhia Mosque, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 1-15 (2004) 28. Indirli M. et al, From in situ quick surveys to analytical procedures for vulnerability assessment in the framework of the Arsita reconstruction plan From in Situ Quick Surveys to Analytical Procedures for Vulnerability, XVI Convegno Anidis (2015) 29. Menderes A., Erener A. and Sarp G., Automatic Detection of Damaged Buildings after Earthquake Hazard by Using Remote Sensing and Information Technologies, Procedia Earth and Planetary Science, 15, 257-262 (2015) 30. Why Turkey suffers earthquake misery, BBC News (2010) 31. Mahin S., Sustainable Design Considerations in Earthquake Engineering, The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 8 (2008) 32. Mendi H.E., Evaluation of architectural consciousness and exploration of architecture-based...”