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“...eleventh position on the list of most vulnerable countries in terms of seismic risk [10]. Recently, a quick and uncontrolled urban growth of the number of RC buildings was observed in Nepal. Consequently, notorious difficulties of the government in implementing building design codes accounting for seismic loads and/or the contribution of the infill masonry walls to the response has been lacking in Nepal. It is worth noting that most of the residential buildings and some important buildings, such as schools or government buildings were not designed according to the most recent seismic design codes. The lack of planning and structural knowledge by the structural designers and community at the time when these buildings were designed resulted in the construction of vulnerable structures when exposed to intense seismic ground shaking due to earthquakes [11].
Shaky a and Kawan [12] reported that most of the damaged RC buildings, after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, were identified to be non-engineered buildings...”
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“...combined with the irregular plan distribution of the infill masonry walls. It must be mentioned that the irregular mass introduced by the balcony at this level of the structure amplified the torsion mechanism, which exacerbated the poor performance of the structure at this storey;
• Globally, the structure is considered vulnerable to seismic actions and it is considered that urgent interventions are necessary at Storeys 1 and 3 for this building structure. While this is a single-case study, several schools in the country follow similar designs, and the findings here highlight the importance of the review of all school building designs, especially in the urban areas of the Kathmandu Valley as well as in other urban areas in the region.
3.3.3 Capacity Curve and Peak Base Shear
Non-linear static pushover analyses, assuming uniform, triangular and adaptive load patterns, were carried out in two numerical models: (1) considering the RC frame only, and (2) considering both the RC frame and the infill...”
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