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“...HIMALAYA, the Journal of the
Association for Nepal and
Himalayan Studies
Volume 37 | Number 2
Article 12
December 2017
Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple
Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Austin Lord
Cornell University, al947(a>cornell.edu
Galen Murton
James Madison University, galen.murton(a)colorado.edu
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya
Recommended Citation
Lord, Austin and Murton, Galen (2017) "Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal,"
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 37 : No. 2, Article 12.
Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol37/iss2/12
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
Macalester College
Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the
DigitalCommons(2)Macalester College at DigitalCommons(2)Macalester
College. It...”
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“...WeHelpNepal, Temba Lama
and all the members of the Langtang Management & Reconstruction Committee, NayanTara Kakshyapati
Gurung and the Himalayan Disaster Relief Volunteer Group, Amchi Tenjing Bista and the Lo Kunphen
School, Brigid McAuliffe and Patti Bonnet of PictureMeHere, Bob Chapman with Friends of Nepal, Jake
Norton, Tim Gocher of The Dolma Fund, Jonas and Elsa Haeberle at OM Nepal, Pasang Bhutti, Bob and Vera
Bonnet, Liesl Clark, Steve Marolt and Aspect Solar, Amuda Mishra at the Ujyaalo Foundation, the team at
Semantic Creations, Rajeev Goyal at Phulmaaya Foundation, Bimal Karki, Ben Ayers, Tracy Joosten, Rachelle
Brown and Diane Schumacher, Mahohari Upadhyaya, INepal, Robert Soden, Lauren
Gawne and Ningmar Dongba, and Roshi Joan Halifax. The authors are also deeply grateful for the counsel and
friendship of senior academic colleagues. This includes, but is not limited to, Sienna Craig, Ken Bauer,
Kathryn March, Emily Yeh, Geoff Childs, Carole McGranahan, Heather Hindman...”
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“...Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple
Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Austin Lord
Galen Murton
In this article, we reflect on the multiple
nature of our engagements in the wake of
the 7.8m earthquake that struck Nepal on
April 25th 2015. Specifically, we trace the
events, experiences, decisions, positions, and
processes that constituted our work with
a post-earthquake volunteer initiative we
helped to form, called Rasuwa Relief. Using
the concept of multiplicity (cf. Mol 2002),
we consider the uncertain process by which
Rasuwa Relief began to cohere, as a collective
of diverse efforts, interventions, projects,
and commitments, and how Rasuwa Relief
was continually and multiply enacted through
practices of engagement. As a collaborative
effort that coordinated and consolidated many
of our post-earthquake interventions over a
period of two years, Rasuwa Relief was always
in a state of becoming.
This process of becoming, we suggest, indexed
and informed the multiple ways that we...”
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“...On Being Multiple
In the wake of the earthquake that struck Nepal on
April 25th 2015, we helped to form a volunteer disaster-
response initiative that we called Rasuwa Relief. Like the
countless others who attempted to help at this time, we
never expected to be directly involved in humanitarian
‘relief work.’ However, our embodied experiences of the
earthquake and our deepening relationships within Nepal
compelled us to reorient ourselves in relation to the
disaster. Amid the uncertainties of the aftermath and still
trying to process our own lived experiences, we began,
like many others, to act in multiple ways. We hoped that,
but were often unsure if, we could become helpful. In early
May 2015, we formed Rasuwa Relief and made an informed
decision to engage in new ways, and to sustain and
elaborate these engagements as the aftermath unfolded
around us. As a collaborative effort that indexed a variety
of different post-earthquake orientations, understandings
of disaster, and expressions...”
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“...tance and the centralized interests of the Nepalese state,
shifted attention away from the rest of Nepal and helped
obscure chronically unequal patterns of vulnerability
and the systems of structural violence that helped create
them (Farmer 2011). As other scholars have suggested, it
is these underlying patterns of inequality that reproduce
the unevenness of disaster (Hewitt 1983; Oliver-Smith &
Hoffman 1999; Tamang 2015; Ghale 2015).
While reflecting on our own roles and engagements, we
also address the politics of representation that shaped our
ability to act as an advocate for disaster victims (Schuller
2014) and to acknowledge the asymmetries of mobility,
access, and language that at times privileged our voices
over Nepali voices (K.C. & Shakya 2015; Redfield 2012;
Sheller 2016). While we did not ourselves respond to a
‘distant suffering’ (Boltanski 1999) in the wake of the
earthquakes in Nepal, we did in many ways become media-
tors in the relations between suffering Nepalis and people...”
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“...When the earth shook on April 25th 2015, both of us were
in Nepal conducting academic research,4 and were impli-
cated in the unfolding disaster in a deeply embodied way.
Like many across Nepal, we too struggled to seek safety,
to locate friends and loved ones, to locate other people,
to gain information, to establish contact, to understand
what had just occurred and what might occur next, and to
grieve. And then, like many others, we tried to determine
where help was needed (where, what kind, by whom?)
and how to help directly and effectively. Having witnessed
the destruction firsthand, having spent years working
in Nepal prior to the event, and having many friends in
earthquake-affected areas, we felt a visceral and personal
compulsion to respond. In many ways, choosing to act was
part of our own processes of sense-making in the face of
extreme uncertainty, a way to channel our anxieties and
concerns into what we hoped was right action. In the sec-
tions below, we provide some background...”
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“...Campbell 2013). The earthquake hit Tamang com-
munities across northern-Nepal particularly hard (Magar
2015),6 compounding everyday vulnerabilities, especially
in Rasuwa, where 82% of the district population identi-
fies as Tamang (Ghale 2015). The uneven impacts of the
earthquakes on Tamang populations led some to relocate
the event around a ‘Tamang epicenter’ (Magar 2015) or to
interpret the disaster as a ‘Tamsaling Tragedy’ (Holmberg
& March 2015). In the immediate wake of the earthquake,
Tamang communities in Rasuwa and ethnic minorities
(janajatis) in other regions remained heavily underserved
and overshadowed by greater attention to other more
visible and politically-connected areas.
As we worked on determining the contours of the gaps
in Rasuwa, we began considering our own interventions
to help fill them. We reached out to a variety of contacts
involved in different kinds of disaster relief efforts, within
and beyond Nepal. In an attempt to better understand
the ‘information architecture’...”
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“...or four NGOs in the early weeks while
others failed to attract any attention—partly the result of
spatial biases in communications infrastructure. Within
many villages, chronically marginalized sub-populations,
like single-women and dalit (‘untouchable’) families, were
often subordinated or excluded from locally-facilitated
distributions of relief supplies. These problems of optics
and micro-politics repeated themselves in fractal patterns
across Nepal.
Upon arrival in Syabru Besi, the market center of Upper
Rasuwa just 10 miles from the Nepal-China border, we
began talking with people who had descended from the
surrounding hills seeking support, and both gaps and
overlaps in relief distribution became even more evident.
Rumors and expectations suggested the opening of the
roads to larger vehicles and the imminent arrival of
significant humanitarian relief, but at the time of our
Figure 2. Map of Rasuwa
District made available by
the UN Logistics Cluster
that was used to orient and
coordinate...”
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“...arrival, very little international support had yet reached
this part of the district. Instead, relief supplies came from
various small groups like ours: including teams from
Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Kathmandu, volunteer
youth groups on motorcycles, and trekking agencies whose
porters hailed from Tamang villages nearby.
In the days and weeks to follow, we encountered a number
of disaster response teams from Nepal and across the
globe, each arriving with strikingly different agendas and
knowledges. Some were exceptionally well equipped but
lacked essential information on what was needed where,
and by whom. In contrast, others arrived with a calcu-
lated strategy to focus their operations in Rasuwa for the
long term—explaining that they chose Rasuwa precisely
because other districts were already considered ‘crowded.’
Here we witnessed a glimpse of patterns that would
later resemble what others have described as ‘competi-
tive humanitarianism’ (Stirrat 2006), as different actors
and...”
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“...article represents a preliminary attempt to consider
our own practices of post-disaster engagement and our
own multiple commitments to Nepal in the wake of the
2015 earthquakes—to illuminate processes of engagement
that are not often described in detail, to articulate a kind of
engagement that we conceive of as multiple. Importantly,
despite our ongoing work in Nepal, we do not personally
identify as ‘scholar-practitioners,’ ‘activist academics,’ or
even ‘engaged scholars.’ Why do we reject these cate-
gories? Because, as we have suggested, the practice of
meaningful post-earthquake engagement does not imply
a professional orientation to humanitarian action, and
because many of the most important things that a ‘scholar’
can do in the post-disaster context are not necessarily
‘activist’ (or even directly ‘academic’). Rather, we suggest
that our work in Nepal and the nature of engagement is
more than that, or rather that it is both that and more—it
is multiple (Mol 2002).
Becoming Rasuwa Relief...”
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“...critical dialogue about the posi-
tions and values of social scientists in the wake of disaster
continues in Nepal (i.e. K.C. & Shakya 2015; Hindman 2015;
McGranahan 2015). In recent years, several workshops and
events focused on patterns of engagement in post-earth-
quake Nepal have been held at academic conferences (for
example, the ‘Nepal Earthquake Summit’ at Dartmouth
College, February 2016) and new solidarities focused
on knowledge-sharing and collaboration are emerging
(such as the recently established ‘Nepal Geographers
Association,’ April 2017). Lessons learned from these kinds
of collaborations and dialogues have the potential to
contribute to planning efforts for disaster-risk reduction
and preparedness efforts in Nepal, across the Himalayan
region, and beyond.
Importantly, the project of multiple engagement is not
simply a reflexive academic exercise. The people of Nepal
face protracted conditions of extreme vulnerability and a
profoundly uncertain future. In the face of ever-present...”
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“...research in Nepal
focuses on the social, economic, and environmental
effects of infrastructure development, the formation of
infrastructural publics and imaginaries, and perceptions
of risk and uncertainty. His current project analyzes the
reconfiguration of imagined futures and economies of
anticipation in the wake of the 2015 earthquakes. Austin
holds a Master of Environmental Science from Yale
University and a B.A. in Economics from Dartmouth College.
A portfolio of his visual work focused on Nepal can be found
at .
Galen Murton is an Assistant Professor in the Department
of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison
University with teaching responsibilities in the Geographic
Sciences Program. He completed his PhD in the Department
of Geography at the University of Colorado Boulder (2017).
His dissertation examined the social and geopolitical
impacts of infrastructure projects in High Asia with a focus
on road developments between China and Nepal. His next
project...”
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“...time of the earthquake, both authors were U.S.
Fulbright Scholars in Nepal, conducting research on
infrastructure development, mobility and social change.
For more information on our scholarly contributions see
Lord (2014; 2016), Murton (2015; 2017), or Murton, Lord &
Beazley (2016).
5. More than 300 people lost their lives in the Langtang
Valley on April 25th, including 175 Langtangpa.
Unfortunately, more than two years after the earthquake,
some of the bodies have not yet been recovered from the
Langtang avalanche zone.
6. For example, Tamang communities make up only
5.8% of Nepal’s population yet an estimated 34% of total
earthquake casualties were Tamang (Magar 2015). See also
Thapa (2015).
7. At this point in the ‘Emergency Phase,’ most large NGOs
were still establishing logistical supply chains (with the
exception of a few with air assets) and mobilizations by
the Nepalese state (with the exception of the Nepal Army,
which focused on search and rescue and evacuation
operations) remained...”
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Page 17
“...Life:
Negotiating Culture and Development in the Nepal Himalaya.
Leiden: Brill.
Lord, Austin. 2014. Making a ‘Hydropower Nation’:
Subjectivity, Mobility, and Work in the Nepalese
Hydroscape. HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for
Nepal and Himalayan Studies 34 (2): 111-121.
------. 2015. Langtang. Hot Spots, Cultural
Anthropology website, October 14, 2015. (accessed on
November 30, 2016).
------. 2016. Citizens of a Hydropower Nation: Territory
and Agency at the Frontiers of Hydropower Development
in Nepal. Economic Anthropology 3 (1): 145-160.
Magar, Santa Gaha. 2015. The Tamang Epicenter. Nepali
Times, 10-16 July 2015.
Malkki, Liisa. 2015. The Need to Help: the Domestic
Arts of International Humanitarianism. Durham: Duke
University Press.
March, Kathryn S. 2015. My Village in Nepal is Gone. Cornell
Chronicle: Ithaca, NY. April 30, 2015.
McGranahan, Carole. 2015. Gone: The Earthquake in Nepal.
Savage Minds. Published Online April 30, 2015...”
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“...ty-in-rupture> (accessed on November
30, 2016).
Sheller, Mimi. 2016. Connected Mobility in a Disconnected
World: Contested Infrastructure in Postdisaster
Contexts. Annals of the American Association of Geographers
106(2): 330-339.
Shneiderman, Sara. 2015. “Dots on the Map:”
Anthropological Locations and Responses to Nepal’s
Earthquakes. Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology website,
October 14, 2015. nepal-s-earthquakes> (accessed on November
30, 2016).
Shneiderman, Sara and Mark Turin. 2015. Nepal’s Relief
Effort Must Reach the Rural Poor. The Globe and Mail, April
27, 2015.
Simpson, Edward. 2013. The Political Biography of an
Earthquake: Aftermath and Amnesia in Gujarat, India. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Stirrat, Jock. 2006. Competitive Humanitarianism:
Relief and the Tsunami in Sri Lanka. Anthropology
Today 22(5): 11-16.
Streep, Abe. 2015. Nepal’s Aid System is Broken. So These
Lifesavers...”
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