Your search within this document for 'manchuria' resulted in 20 matching pages.
1

“........ ................................................................................................................57 Great increase in imports ........................... ..........................................................................................57 Decrease in exports ................................................................................................................................................................57 Effect of war and military occupation of Manchuria ................................................57 Exchange fluctuations ........................................................................................................................................................58 New copper coins and their depreciation ........................................................................................59 Typhoon at Shanghai.....................................................................................................................”
2

“...most valuable products of Manchuria—beans and bean cake—were declared contraband by Russia, their direct export to Japan pro- hibited and their export to other Chinese ports permitted only under the strictest guarantees. This restriction was, however, to some extent circumvented by junks which escaped the rigid sur- veillance exercised in the case of steamers, but it was only when the Russians lost their hold of Newchwang that the embargo on steamers was removed by Japan. The Russian evacuation of the port took place on July 25, but the greater part of the produce was locked up behind the Russian lines, and, however willing the Japanese were to allow freedom of export, it could not find an outlet to the sea. The railways of North China lying outside the Great Wall and to the west of the Liao River were in a position to facilitate in some measure the movement of produce from the interior of Manchuria, but this was only a partial relief; and the blocking of Manchuria reacted on Southern China...”
3

“...CHINA. 11 The imports from Japan (including Formosa) show a decline in silver value of 134,287 Haikuan taels, which, owing to the magni- tude of the import trade (50,164,056 Haikuan taels) and the difference in exchange, is converted into a gold increase of 557,106?. Russian Manchuria naturally shows a decrease in both imports and exports ; imports from Corea fell off and exports to the Philippines and the Dutch East Indies are slightly under the figures for 1903. The exports to French Indo-China have more than doubled, and the imports from the Dutch Bast Indies have risen more than 50 per cent, in value. After Hong-Kong (32,648,089?.), which, however, is only a distributing centre for the import and export trade of China, Japan (including Formosa) takes the second place in the direct total trade with 12,625,782?., followed by the United Kingdom with 10,382,814?., the Continent of .'Europe ((Russia excepted) with 9,743,232?., the United States with 8,059,350?. and India with 4,956,659...”
4

“...export of silver was 1,949,3092. and the net import of gold 1,209,7722., leaving on balance a net export in these two metals of 739,5372. Gold, however, is not a trade circulating medium whereas silver is, and the temporary loss of the latter for gold was by no means a gain to the markets of China. Much of the silver sent to Japan doubtless found its way to Manchuria—a transfer from one part of China to another—and will in time return to replenish the depleted markets of the three eastern provinces whose trade avenues were so long partially closed by the war. As regards the Russian rouble and Japanese war notes, the inhabitants of Manchuria may not be able to realise the full value of the paper money which has been lavished by the belligerents, but it is certain that enormous sums will be available for future investments. In connection with the import and export of specie it will be...”
5

“...remained stationary. They are articles of luxury, used not so much for comfort as for adornment. It is true that woollens are in constant wear as clothing by the Thibetans and tribesmen in the far west of China, but the material is rough, cheap and of home manufacture. When in the Ta-chien-lu in 1904, I noticed a much finer material on the market; it was of French make, but the dyer had failed to give it the orthodox red colour, and the experiment had not proved satisfactory. In Northern China and Manchuria skins, furs and wadded cotton clothing are preferred to woollens, and those who have had experience of the rigorous winters of the far north will agree that furs or thick-wadded garments are essential to warmth and are in the long run cheaper than woollens, which are too hot for summer wear, while furs and cotton clothing can be peeled off to suit the temperature. Of miscellaneous piece-goods, gunny cloth, linen goods and mixtures, plushes and silk piece-goods and mixtures were all ahead of...”
6

“...5I2i534 2o'l"600 30,132.001 Philippine Islands ...... 29,466 4,000 33,466 Central and South America ... 172,800 ... 172,800 Continent of Europe (Russia excepted)— Mediterranean ports...... 1,479,667 1,241,333 170,666 1,066 2,891,732 , North Sea ports ...... 24,242,267 225,866 678,800 207,407 25,354,400 Ilussia viil Odessa 1,989,333 7,108,267 3,403,867 87,866 4,260 12,503,509 Russia and Siberia via Kiakhta 5,298,800 37,597,067 507,600 221,067 43,624,534 330,000 Russian Manchuria' 336,000 Japan and Corea ...... 17*9^867 82
7

“... and the year 1904 closed with unsatisfactory results to the native producer. European and American buyers, however, were able to gauge the conditions of the market, and, while not making large profits, escaped any heavy losses." As Canton silk competes with Japanese and cheap Itahan silks, the increased output of the Japanese article, on which greater care is bestowed, must eventually have far-reaching effects on the trade of Southern China. Wild silk, principally from Northern China and Manchuria, showed an increase of over 50 per cent, in 1904 as compared with 1903, and a still higher percentage over the average of the previous five years. Over 10 per cent, of the total export (4,470,266 lbs.) appears as an import of foreign goods, coming as it did from Man- churia through Dalny and Port Arthur then in the occupation of Russia. Cocoons, refuse cocoons and refuse all fell off in 1904 as compared with the previous year, the decline in waste or refuse being attributed to the unsatisfactory...”
8

“...reports on China, the customs returns, so far as fibres are concerned, are exceedingly unreliable. The Chinese word " ma " is a generic term for many fibre plants, and the customs, as a rule, class all the fibres derived from these plants as hemp. I say as a rule, for attempts have occasionally been made to draw some distinction between and adopt a classification for them, not always with success. fui True hemp (Cannabis sativa, L.) is extensively cultivated in Northern and Western China and in Manchuria ; true jute is grown in Central, Southern and Western China, while Boehmeria nivea, Hook, et Arn., rhea, or ramie, whose fibre furnishes grass-cloth, is produced in large quantities in Central, Western and Southern China, especially in the valley of the Yangtsze. These are the four principal fibre-yielding plants of China in addition, of course, to cotton ; but there are several others, and I hope to be able to deal with the whole subject of Chinese fibre-yielding plants on some future occasion...”
9

“...picul of 133-J- lbs., while the Tientsin cleaned article, as shipped to foreign countries, appears in the customs returns as of the average value of 18 Haikuan taels per picul. Tientsin also ex- ported 2,748,000 lbs. of camels' wool, of which 2,381,200 lbs. were sent abroad. It is valued at the same price as sheep's wool. The above remarks apply equally to the export of skins and Skins, furs furs. The great bulk of them come from the northern and western l,air- provinces of China and from Manchuria, Mongolia and Thibet. The value of this export in 1904 was 1,049,517?., against 732,702?. in 1903 and an average of 572,376?. for the previous five years. Hair of all kinds increased in value from 54,489?. in 1903 to 65,554?. in 1904. :...”
10

“...£ 137,075 230,570 138,581 255,722 278,836 300,800 £ + 24,135 - 26,854 + 7,081 + 37,592 + 29,200 - 94,170 Per cent. + 27 -40 - 13'DO - 13 '53 + 30-80 + 21 -04 - 17 '32 Total ......... 1,333,230 1,371,000 1,348,586 — 22,414 + 1 -14 I have already explained that the shortage in the export of Beans and beans and bean calce to Japan was due to the war being waged bcan 0illie- in Manchuria. In the total export from China, beans decreased by 823,412 cwts. as compared with 1903, and bean cake dropped from 4,052,026 to 1,370,178 cwts. In these products the Yangtsze Valley is beginning to compete with Manchuria : in 1904 Hankow sent away 3,173,224 cwts. of beans of all lands, and Chinkiang bad an export of 580,989 cwts. of bean cake and 355,670 cwts. of beans and peas. The export of raw cotton jumped from 904,190 cwts. in 1903 to Raw cotton. 1,462,604 cwts. of the value of 3,553,7442. in 1904, and, according to Japanese returns, the Island Empire imported from China to the value of 3,170...”
11

“...necessary to draw a distinction between importation and consumption. The fall in the price of cotton in .1904 led to heavy orders being placed for, it is said, 12 months or more ahead to replenish stocks which had been allowed to dwindle owing to the inflated price of the raw material during the two previous years, as well as to anticipate heavy demands from places like Manchuria, whose supplies had been cut off by the war. But the Effect of the war dragged on, the Japanese pushed northwards as far as Ch'ang-t'u war 011 trade' Fu in April, transport by river and road was requisitioned by the victors at Newchwang and in Southern Manchuria generally, the country to the north was impassable and trade could find neither inlet or outlet until hostilities ceased. In September trade began to move, but early in October some cases of plague were discovered at Newchwang; steps were at once taken to prevent its spread to the Japanese armies in the interior by cart or by junk, and the pro- hibitory measures...”
12

“...neutral zone between the two armies through which passes the great high road into the north of Manchuria. The country was unsafe for traffic, and it was only at the end of the year that the large carts laden with produce began to come into the port and, with slight assistance afforded by the railway, to ease by their return journey the congestion at Newchwang. The bulk of the legitimate trade which Newchwang should have done with the interior in 1905 has to be done in 1906. B\it as soon as peace was declared thousands of Japanese civilians flocked into Manchuria through Dalny with the permission of their Government, scattered themselves all over the country, and settled in the towns as petty traders. In the port of Newchwang alone there were at one time as many as 7,000 Japanese civilians of both sexes, and this is only one instance of what has occurred in the chief cities of Southern Manchuria. Nor did they come empty-handed. 1 They brought with them wares of divers kinds, rented houses...”
13

“...opium, supplemented by an increase of 55 piculs in Szechuan opium, replaced the Manchurian product in the case of the well-to-do smokers, while the lower classes had to satisfy themselves with opium of local growth. This local drug comes from Chin-hsiang Hsien, in Ts'ao-chou Fu, and is usually despatched to the westward; but in 1905 it has been brought to fill the demand in the eastern part of this province, and 268 piculs were even shipped to Ta-lien-wan and Newchwang to supply the want in Manchuria." In 1867 Newchwang, Tientsin and Chefoo took respectively 2,585, 7,898 and 2,735 piculs of foreign opium—a total of 13,218 piculs, whereas their import in 1905 was 690 piculs, which was an increased import due to the failure of Manchurian supplies. In other words, the market for foreign opium in Northern China has practically ceased. As regards Central China, we find that in the same year (1867) Hankow, Kiukiang and Chinkiang—the only three ports then opened to trade on the Yangtsze—took ...”
14

“...Zealand ...1 261,200 55,067 758,934 261,200 Mauritius ......... 161,933 British America........1 078.933 United States of America ...1 8,356,400 Philippine Islands ...... 18,000 Central and South America ... 102,667 Continent of Europe (Russia 004,267 15,584,533 1,067 342,133 104,933 1,283,200 24,283,006 ID,067 102,667 excepted)— Mediterranean porta...... 1,979,333 North Sea ports ...... 4,911,467 Russia vii Odessa ...... 218,267 Russia and Odessa viil Kiakhta 8,988,000 Russian Manchuria ...... 2,123^600 Japan and Corea ...... 430,133 786,800 123,733 7,930,267 13^733 680,000 256 205,007 11,837,167 42,690,667 4,927,733 15,733 ::: 312,933 176,933 1,333 2,000 844,800 9,467 4,000 2,707,732 6,242,267 20,298,934 02,706,400 7,074,533 1,135,800 Annarn............ 709,467 Slam ............ 454,207 Java, Sumatra and Borneo ... 178,000 133 9,007 1,200 709,600 463,334 179,200 and Aden ......... 3,372,400 Other places ......... 1,119,733 525,866 16,000 30,800 3,898,260 1,106,533...”
15

“...must the many cattle sent into Manchuria during the year for Russian con- sumption be lost sight of. The 232 piculs of hides exported from Newcliwang in 1905 would represent about 1,400 oxen, a very small fraction of the number of animals which entered Manchuria by the Imperial Railway of North China. In the absence of statistics it is impossible to give even an approximate estimate, but in one day in March, 1906.1 counted over 200 head of cattle between Hsin-min T'ing and Tientsin, bound for Harbin and the Russian troops. The hides of these oxen have not yet appeared in the customs returns as an export from Manchuria. Beans and Owing to the block in Manchuria the trade in beans and bean bean cake. cake has not yet resumed its normal channel. Beans, with a total of 3,173,241 cwts., exceeded the export of 1904 by 883,097 cwts. and were 35 per cent, above the average of the previous five years, but the Yangtsze Valley was the chief contributor, Manchuria supplying only about one-third of...”
16

“...There was an ample supply of good material for the restricted demand of 1905. Bristles. Bristles rose from 5,106,533 lbs. in 1904 to 5,278,400 lbs., of a value of 384,4062. Although.several ports share in this branch of trade the best bristles come from Northern and Western China, and are exported through Tientsin, Hankow and Chungking. Man- churia used to take part, but recent events have greatly shortened the supplies through Newchwang. I actually saw black pigs being carried by rail into Manchuria, a striking contrast to former years when immense droves came down country from the Kirin and Hei-lung:chiang provinces. Speaking of the export of bristles from Chungking in 1905 the Commissioner of Customs says :—" Bristles have been too high in price to encourage business; moreover, the foreign market is said to be over-stocked. If foreigners would combine a little more than they do, they might secure more trade ; but the want of combination enables the natives to outmanoeuvre them and to...”
17

“...1904 receipts. VIII.—Railways and Mining. During the progress of hostilities in Manchuria, Japan, as she advanced northwards, changed the gauge of the Chinese Eastern Railway, to accommodate rolling-stock brought over from Japan, and she later built a military line from Antung to Moukden, which, by Article VII of the Additional Agreement of December 22, 1905,* she is to maintain, work, and improve, so as to make it fit for the conveyance of commercial and industrial goods of all nations. This right is conceded to her by China for a term of 15 years from the date of the completion of the improvements, which, presumably, include the construction of a permanent line. At the expiration of the above term the line is to be sold to China. Article VII of the same agreement provides for the conclusion of a separate convention for the regulation of connecting services between the railway lines in South Manchuria and all the other railway lines in China. But Japan had already connected the Chinese...”
18

“...490,058 Haikuan taels in 1905. This is only a part of Hunan's trade, for owing to the shallowness of the Tung-ting Lake in winter, steamers have to cease running for three months and much of the trade, especially exports, is carried by junks, which are able to navigate the lake at all seasons, so that the customs returns give a very imperfect idea of the trade of Hunan through Changsha. The war between Russia and Japan prevented the opening of Moukden and Antung in the southern province of Manchuria provided for in the United States and Japanese treaties with China of October 8, 1903. These have now been opened, the latter on May 1 and the former on June 1, 1906. The negotiations carried on at Peking from October to December, 1905, between Japan and China, following on the treaty of peace between Japan and Russia of September 5, 1905, resulted in a treaty (1082) H...”
19

“...114 CHINA. and additional agreement relating torManchuria dated December 22, 1905. By the treaty the Chinese Government consent to all these transfers and assignments made by Russia to Japan in Manchuria, and the additional agreement provides, inter alia, for the opening by China as soon as possible after the evacuation of Manchuria by the Japanese and Russian forces of the following cities and towns in Manchuria as places of international residence and trade :— Feng-huang-ch'eng (T'ing), Liao-yang (Chou), Hsin-min-t'un (T'ing), Tung-chiang-tzu (on the Liao River), and Fa-ku-men in the southern or Feng-t'ien province; Ch'ang-ch'un (Fu) or K'uan-ch'eng-tzu, Kirin (the capital of the province), Harbin, Ninguta, Hunch'un and Sansing in the Central or Kirin province; and Tsitsihar or Pu-k'uei (the capital of the province), Hailar, Aihun and Manchuli, in the Northern or Hei-lung-chiang province. On May '17, 1904, the Chinese Government announced its intention of opening commercial marts for...”
20

“... of the United States is a keen follower of all that is written about China, and sends out its agricultural explorers to gather and transport to the New World everything of economic value. The United Kingdom may be collecting valuable new flowers ; but America is hunting for new fruits, new vegetables, new grasses, and new plants of commercial and industrial importance. One such explorer recently informed me that he had discovered more varieties of beans than I had described as existing in Manchuria. America is pre-eminently utilitarian, and her time for new flowers has not yet come. They can wait. I have one word to say to the British packer and exporter, and I cannot do better than quote the exact words of a correspondent. They clearly point a moral. He says :— " I had an order given in my native city for 301, odd. They packed it so that it cost 201, odd (221., I think) to land it in Man- churia, and when opened it was found that the large quantity of straw used in packing increased...”