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“...everywhere being' instituted on prepared opium, which as a
rule contains a considerable percentage of foreign opium, may
also tend to curtail sales thereof. Of the total import H6 per cent,
goes to the southern provinces, 60 per cent, to Central China, and
4 per cent, to the north.
The northern ports, such as Tientsin and Newchuang, import
by sea practically no opium, native or foreign. Their supplies
reach them overland, from the provinces of Shenhsi and Honan in
the case of Tientsin, and from Manchuria in the case of Newchuang.
The demand of the rest of China, in so far as it cannot be met by
home production, is supplied by Ssuch'uan and Yunnan. No
reliable, or even approximate, statistics with regard to the total
production of or taxation on native opium are obtainable.*
Morphia. The import of morphia has nearly doubled within the last six
years, and from Amoy, where it was originally introduced—
probably to satisfy the cravings of returned emigrants—the use of
this drug has rapidly extended...”
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“...
O O
stages of preparation within a short time of plucking.
It is only by securing the cordial support of the Government
that this object can be attained, but, from what one knows of
official methods in this country, there is small prospect of any
steps in the desired direction being taken.
Of China's total export of tea last year, 18,000,000 lbs. went to
the United Kingdom, 24,500,000 lbs. to the United States, and
51,744,533 lbs. to Russia, via the Black Sea and Siberia, while
Russian Manchuria absorbed 27,351,450 lbs, of which doubtless
a large proportion eventually found its way to Russia proper.
In the Consular reports on the trade of Hankow, Kiukiang,
Ningpo, Shanghai, Foochow and Canton, the ports whence tea is
shipped, will be found detailed particulars of the business done
there during last season.
A noteworthy feature of recent years has been the increasing
import of Ceylon tea dust, for purposes of mixing with Chinese
dust and fannings made into tablet and brick tea, destined...”
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“...■34
CHINA.
reasonable ocean freights, there would seem to lie no reason why
it should not find additional outside markets.
His Majesty's Consul at Newchuang estimates that the total
production of beans in Manchuria is 600,000 tons per annum, and
those interested cannot do better than consult his valuable book
dealing with Manchuria, its trade and its products. (Manchuria,
by A. Iiosie, Methuen and Co., London, 1901.)
Hides. Next in order come hides, cow and buffalo, tlie export of which
has increased in volume 347 per cent, since 1891. Large as is
this increase, the export of hides does not begin to compare with
that of India, where conditions governing the supply, are almost
the same as in China. In both countries cattle are solely bred
for agricultural purposes, and it lis only when they get sick or die
of old age that their hides are available for commerce. Drought
and famine in India have the result of largely stimulating the
export, but, even under ordinary circumstances the normal...”
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“... The same remarks apply to exports from
Swatow, Kiungchow, Pakhoi and Wuchow.
The largo direct shipments abroad from Newchuang are prin-
cipally bean cake to Japan.
Direct exports abroad from Hankow and Foochow mean tea,
three-fourths of the export from the former port going to Odessa
by sea in steamers specially chartered for the purpose. Amoy's-
foreign exports go to Java and the Straits Settlements to supply
the wants of Chinese emigrants living there. Chefoo's exports-
go to llussian Manchuria, Japnn and Hong-Kong, 40 per cent, of
the exports to the latter colony in the shape of vermicelli. Hong-
Net Imports. Net Exports (Loe.il Origin).
Port. From Chinese Ports. ;
From Abroad To Foreign Countries. To Chinese Ports. i
Shanghai ,. ,. Tientsin...... Canton River delta Cunton...... Kowloon .. I">PPi...... Hankow Newebuang Swatow...... Chefoo...... Chungking Chinkiang Wuliu...... Kiukiang Foochow Ningpo...... Hangcliou" VVuchow Meugtzu Kiungehow ., Pakhoi.........”
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“...the advantage over their competitors in that
they thoroughly understand the requirements of native passengers
and have a lower wages bill.
The natural desire of other Powers to foster trade, under their
own flag, with their recent territorial acquisitions in the China
seas, has seriously curtailed the sphere of operations of British
shipping.
The door has practically been closed to us in Formosa and
Vladivostok, and the inducements being offered to those shipping
goods to and produce from Manchuria via Dalny may, at no very
distant date, have the effect of driving 150,000 tons of British
shipping away from Newchuang.
AT.—Inland Steam Navigation.
Owing to arbitrary restrictions in the provisional rules the
privilege of navigating the inland waters of China has not been
made use of by the European trader as extensively as might have
been anticipated, and the Chinese, while availing themselves of the
facilities offered, have confined themselves mainly to the carrying
of passengers. It is...”
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“...collected amounts to over 25 per cent, of
the whole. It is, however, possible that in his average balance
sheet, based on the figures for 1893, the other items have been
under-estimated, and since then China's Budget has -increased
enormously.
In 1901 the total collection of the Maritime Customs amounted
to 25,537,574 Haikuan taels (3,777,435/.), or about 3,000,000 taels
in excess of the average collection of the last 10 years. It was
made up as follows:—
* The influx of Shantung coolies into Manchuria can hardly be considered us
emigration, inasmuch as the men return annually to their homes,...”
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