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“...No. 3929 Annual Series.
DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR REPORTS.
CHINA.
REPORT FOR THE YEAR 190(1
OX THE
TRADE OF CHEFOO
Edited at the Foreign Office and the Board of Thade.
REFERENCE TO PREVIOUS REPORT. .Annual Series No. 372!).
Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of llis Majesty,
SEPTEMBER, 1007.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE,
IiY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S i.ANli,
PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HIS MAJESTY.
Aiul to be pnvelmscd either directly or through any ISoolcsellcr, from
W Y.MAN AND SONS, Ltd., Futteii L/inic, E.C.; and
82, Auinodon Street, Wkstjiixsthu, S.\\r.; or
OLIVER AND 1JOVD, Twkeddals Court, Kniyuuitau; or
J£. rONSO-NBY, 110, Oiurrox Street, Dublin.
[I'd. 3727—12.]
1907.
Pi ice Three Halfpence...”
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“...CONTENTS.
—♦—
Page
Net trade of port ..............................................................................................................................................................................................3
Tsingtau and Chefoo trade compared................................................................................................................................»
Gross value of trade ........................................................................................................................................................................................"
Treasure, export and import of ................................................................................................................................................6
Net value of trade................................................................................................................................................................................................®
Foreign...”
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“...Trade of Chefoo jor the Year 190G
By Mr. Consul Herbebt F. Beady.
The year 1906 is generally admitted to have been profitable Net trade
to foreign and native merchants alike, but the net volume of trade, of ll,e por
which amounted to 34,740,267 Haikuan taels (5,7l7,770Z.), cannot
be considered satisfactory if compared (in currency) with that of
the previous five years, when the figures stood as follows :•—
Year. Ya Currency. Taels. hie. Sterling. £ Value of the Haikuan Tael. s. d.
1905 .... 39,131,384 5,886,012 3 0TV
1904 .... 34,255,175 4,906,340 2 10J
1103 .... 38,183,912 5,031,626 2 7$
1902 .... 35,924,413 4,670,177 2 7)
1901 .... 37,660,510 5,570,617 2 lli
I
It is questionable, however, whether such a comparison should
be made, as not only was 1905 a record year in the annals of the
port, but those immediately preceding were also exceptional.
The year 1905 saw the close of the war between Russia and Japan,
and the heavy shipments of supplies which poured into Chefoo
for transhipment...”
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“...more of the trade that would have other-
wise come to Chefoo ; and that this may continue in an increasing
ratio seems only too probable.
Tsingtau possesses two advantages: in the first place,
an excellent harbour with wharves equipped with modem
appliances for loading and discharging vessels, and in the next
a railway which not only taps the producing districts on
which Chefoo relies for exports, but which acts as a feeder
to the large trading marts along its course. Chefoo, on the
contrary, has no facilities of communication whatever with
the interior, and the harbour is so exposed to the strong northerly
gales which prevail cu'ing the winter that steamers are not in-
frequently delayed for three and fc.ur days at a time owing to the
impossibility of discharging or taking in cargo. It is computed
that some fiftj^ odd days were lost in this way du"ing the past
year. The distinct advantages therefore enjoyed by Tsingtau
over Chefoo, combined with a larger and more active market,
have told...”
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“...chefoo.
of much of the inland trade, particularly straw braid and raw
silk, both yellow and white, which have almost entirely deserted
Ghefoo.
That a diversion of the trade would occur was obvious front
the moment it was decided to build the Tsingtau-Chinan line, and
therefore it has not come as a surprise to the mercantile community ;
but the rapid rate at which it has taken place may well cause , .
apprehension and alarm to those whose interests are bound up in
the welfare of Chefoo. The only remedies that suggest themselves
are the improvement of the harbour and the building of the long-
talked-of railway to link up the port with Weihsien and the northern
coast line. The latter scheme has everything to commend it,
as the railway would penetrate the industrial districts, and might
be the means of recovering some of the trade now lost; it is now
again under consideration of the authorities, but the difficulty of
raising the necessary funds in the province, will, it is feared,
militate...”
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“...6
CHEFOO.
G-ross trade
of Chefoo.
Treasure,
import and
export of.
Net trade.
might have been attracted to Chefoo by a little foresight, but
which has now been in all probability irretrievably lost.
The gross value of the trade of Chefoo amounted in 1906 to
40,459,655 taels (6,658,9852.), as compared with 44,352,585 taels
(6,671,367Z.) in 1905, showing a falling-oft in currency of 3,392,930
taels. These figures, as well as those in the other tables given,
are exclusive of treasure, the import and export of which, during
the year under review, were valued at 4,205,207 taels (692,108?.)
and 4,009,910 taels (659,9642.) respectively.
The net values are shown in the subjoined comparative summary,
which gives the total foreign and native imports (less re-exports)
and the total exports of produce of local origin, for a period of five
years....”
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“...8
chefoo.
A detailed return giving tlie quantities and values of the principal
articles of foreign import, both direct from foreign countries
and via native ports for 1906, is appended (Table I), and also a
comparative return for the years 1902-06 (Table II); while a
further return (Table III) gives the values of all articles imported
from and exported to foreign countries direct. In the latter
the total under the heading " British Possessions" includes a
certain amount of native produce, the quantity of which it is
impossible to ascertain, emanating from Canton and other southern
Chinese ports, which acquires a fictitious foreign character by
reason of its passing through the colony of Hong-Kong on its way
north. Japan, which includes Formosa, it will be noted, heads
the list with imports aggregating 000,000/. in value; British
Possessions (including Hong-Kong) come second with 421,000?.; while
the United States with 131,000?., Russia {i.e., the Pacific ports)
with 47,000...”
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“...chefoo.
n
28,904 cwts. in 1903. British yam figures only to the amount of
484 cwts. Altogether the imports of yarn have dropped during
the last five years from 175,093 cwts. to 79,268 cwts.
The market for cotton goods generally opened very badly, but
improved in the autumn, owing, it is said, to the condition of affairs
in Manchuria. Large stocks, however, are still held, and it will
be some time before they can be worked off, so that any immediate
advance in values can scarcely be looked for.
The Japanese are now the only merchants who stock goods Stocking of
in this district; others having long since given up the practice, merchant'°Cal
as it was found they could not compete with the larger markets in
Shanghai and Hong-Kong. The difference in practice is to be
found in the fact that apparently no business is too small for the
Japanese trader, who is always ready to break up a bale or parcel
of goods to suit his customer, whereas the European merchant
will decline to sell in driblets...”
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“...understand it has so far not met with a favourable reception
as a steam coal, as it is said to be lacking in heat producing qualities
and to burn the boilers.
Kerosene oil. The following extremely interesting notes on the kerosene
oil trade have been kindly supplied to me by a correspondent who
has devoted much attention to the local markets, and is well qualified
to write on the subject. He says : " While the local consumption
of kerosene oil at Chefoo is inconsiderable, the quantity imported
annually is very great; this is due to the fact that Chefoo is an
important centre of distribution, most of the oil being again shipped
in junks and carried to the'out-lying ports, such as Tengchowfu
and Yang Chiao Kow. Some of the oil thus transhipped is'conveyed...”
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“...chefoo.
11
into the interior of Shantung by the Hsiao Ching Ho canal, or by
means of mules. This inland trade, however, would appear to be
threatened—if not doomed—in the near future owing to the compe-
tition of the German port of Tsingtau, and ths facilities for conveying
oil by rail thence to Chinan, from which important centre other
places in the interior of the province can be conveniently reached.
The business of supplying the seaboard markets with oil from
Chefoo during the summer months, when small junks can ply
freely, is, however, not likely to diminish, but rather to increase,
as the use of kerosene is growing steadily more popular amongst
the Chinese.
Hitherto Chefoo has also been the centre from which the
Manchurian ports, such as Newchwang, Dalny and Tatungkow
have procured their stocks of oil. During the year 1906, however,
large quantities of oil—American, Borneo and Sumatra—were
forwarded direct to those places from Shanghai, and great efforts
were made by the Japanese...”
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“...essentially a fatalist, and will rather save a few pence by buying
a lamp that may not explode, than devote the extra money
to a good lamp that will not explode. The price of these cheap
lamps at Chefoo ranges from 50 c. (about Is.) to 1 dol. 50 c. (3s.)
for glass lamps, and 35 c. (8|d.) to 1 dol. 50 c. for tin lamps ; and,
in order to compete, the British manufacturer would need to place
a good reliable lamp at the same low price on the Chefoo market.
Opium. The opium trade is entirely in the hands of Chinese, foreign
merchants having long since ceased to take any interest in it. Oi
the Indian article the import amounted to 717 cwts., which
shows a slight increase of 23 cwts. on the average import during
the previous five years. The Indian drug, however, has never
found a large sale in Chefoo, the native grown article as well as the
Manchurian variety, being generally preferred. The latter has
been in considerable demand of late years, but figures are not
available. No Persian opium is...”
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“...chefoo.
in bacon, hams, butter and woollens, but I think it will be a long
lime before the Chinese will take to, or be able to afford, agricultural
machinery or carpets.
The same writer adds that he imported glacier, an imitation of
stained glass, made in Belfast to the value of about 150?., and it
sold well; but there is no demand for it amongst the Chinese, and
all his purchasers were foreigners.
My correspondent also gives expression to his views on the, Commerciiil
subject of commercial travellers in China. In many specific articles, J.™.*®([lers
lie says, for which there is only a limited demand, it would not pay
manufacturers to send an agent to represent them in their line
alone ; but if an enterprising man representing a group of manu-
facturers of suitable articles were to establish a central depot for
exhibiting them, advertised well by means of posters, which is
now being generally done throughout the North of China, and if
he sent out active agents to travel through the...”
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“...an extent that merchants decline to
undertake fresh engagements. It is with the utmost difficulty
they can execute the orders sent to them by their old clients,
and this is the tenor of the reply that has had to be sent to my
correspondents in each case. Until Chefoo can give better transit
facilities than those she now offers, and can undercut Tsingtau in
the matter of freight, there is little chance of her getting back the
trade she has lost, and merchants will have to fill their requirements
elsewhere.
To those whose interests He in that direction the following
table will be of value, as showing the course the trade has taken
since 1900, when Tsingtau entered the field as a rival to Chefoo :—
i ! Quantity.
Year.
Chefoo. 1 Tsingtau.
Cwts. Cwts.
1900 ...J 42,544 2,226
1901 I 39,858 4,089
1902 ....: 37,079 13,924
1903 ...! 28,382 11,868
1904 ...j 19,877 30,217
190f. ....j 12,900 49,306
1906 ....j 6,040 i 74,266...”
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“...chefoo.
15
The year commenced with a bad market, but improved in the g^
autumn. The Japanese are showing a greater interest in raw
silk than^they used to show, and it is reported that they have
acquired a site in Antung for the erection of a filature : this cannot
but affect Chefoo. There are three filatures with foreign machinery,
and about 20 with Chinese reels, employing about 8,500 men, in
operation at the port, but two of the former have had to close down
owing to the short crop of cocoons and the high price demanded for
them. The cocoons are chiefly imported from Manchuria via
Tatungkow and Antung. Considerable purchases were made
during the year for the Tsingtau filatures.
The value of the silk exported amounted to over 500,0001.
In pongees a very considerable business was done, and all Pongees,
concerned must have found it remunerative. The demand from
foreign markets has been strong, the European markets having
been large buyers, while Shanghai and Hong-Kong, and also Japan...”
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“...Jf.
chefoo.
Inland water
navigation.
General
remarks.
Reclamation
works.
Harbour
improvement
scheme.
serious competitors to the European firms on tlie local lines, flio
Japanese now virtually control the trade between Chefoo and
Dalny; a British company carried on a regular service during
1906, but it proved unprofitable, and the steamer has now been
withdrawn. The Japanese also have lines to Weihaiwei, Vladi-
vostock, the Corean ports and Japan.
Freights have been low throughout the year, and a number of
vessels of the " tramp " description have been laid up by their
owners in preference to running them at a loss.
Inland water steamers have increased both as regards number
and tonnage, but the result of the trading has been discouraging.
Native junks, it is alleged, are accorded preferential treatment
by the officials at the Inland Customs stations, and the effect is
that foreign vessels have found it difficult, if not impossible, to
secure cargo for the return journey. The allegation...”
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“...native communities, and it is hoped that it will meet with
success. It has been submitted to the authorities in Peking for
consideration, and I understand that, if approved, the work will be
put up to public tender. It would undoubtedly be of infinite
benefit to the port, more especially if the construction of the short
line of railway, already alluded to, connecting Chefoo with Weihsien,
were undertaken at the same time.
The number of foreign residents, including children, is returned Foreign
at 1,509, of whom 612 are Japanese, 341 British and 340 American ; population,
the number of firms carrying on business in Chefoo is given as 33.
In conclusion, my thanks are due to those who have kindly
supplied me with information on various subjects touched upon
in this report.
(206)
B...”
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“...18
CHUFOO.
Table I.—Return of Principal Articles of Import into Chefoo
during the Year 1906.
Articles. Quantity. Value.
Opium .... Lbs......... 78,390 £ 55,852
Cotton goods—
Shirtings, grey, plain—
British ............ Pieces 50,050 19,899
American .... 1 35,035 16,463
Japanese .... 270 115
Sheetings—
British ............ 40,699 20,824
Indian »» 1 5,385 2,526
American............ 623,952 334,906
Shirtings, white, plain 188,330 100,491
Drills-
British 1 6,918 4,108
American .... 155,231 88,654
Dutch ... 1,360 664
Jeans—
British )> .... 84,942 36,744
American .... 11,097 5,664
Dutch ,, .... 3,893 1,367
T-cloths—
British ............ „ 76,674 32,114
Indian ............ ,, .... 4,200 1,037
American............ ,, .... 1,485 483
Japanese .... ,, — 16,265 24,298 3,874
Lawns and muslins........ 2,609
Chintzes and furnitures „ 32,281 10,891
Cotton Italians, plain and
figured 140,282 104,036
Cotton lastings ........ ,, .... 28,587 13,846
Dyed shirtings—
Figured...”
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“...chefoo.
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Return of Principal Articles of Import into Chefoo during the
Year 1906—continued.
Articles. Quantity. ' Value. £
Woollens—contd. Lastings .... .... Pieces . 2,800 4,447
Long ells .... .... „ 3,185 2,699
Spanish stripes .... Yards 5,907 487
Total woollens 10,633
Metals— Iron and mild steel, new, bars .... .... .... Cwts..... 25,782 10,519
Nail rod ............ „ ........ 34,396 15,461
Wire................ „ ........ 4,787 2,814
Iron and mild steel, old .... „ ........ 194,531 48,802
Lead, in pigs and bars .... „ ........ 4,699 4,421
Quicksilver............ „ ........ 160 2,118
Steel, bamboo ........ „ ........ 13,630 8,905
Tinned plates ........ „ ........ 1,980 1,532
Total metals.... 94,572
Sundries— Bags of all kinds .... .... Pieces 621,407 9,287
Buttons, brass and fancy .... Gross........ 52,582 2,596
Dyes, aniline ........ 24,532
Flour................ Cwts......... 48,819 21,944
Glass, window ........ Boxes 6,111 3,319
Lead, white........ ... Cwts......... 3,297...”
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“...20
chefoo.
Table II.—Comparative Table of the Principal Articles of Import
and Export during the Five Years 1902-06.
Imports.
Quantity.
Description. 1902. 1903. 1904. 1905. 1906.
Opium, Indian.........Cwts. ... Cotton goods — 723 650 4 SO 524 717
Shirtings, grey plain— American ...... "I British ..... }■ Pieces ... Japanese ...... J Shirtings, white plain ... „ Sheetings_ 268,224 ISO,819 f 28,530 •{ 156,884 I 7,440 124,136 9,038 49,221 8^547 38,345 54,857 709 152,726 35,035 50,050 270 188,330
American........ „ British. ...... ,, Indian ......... ,, Japanese ......... ,, Drills___ 008,076 17,309 2,710 16,162 523,917 10,884 1,380 34,564 250,970 23,291 3,370 40,908 481,939 36,398 4,370 68,773 623,952 40,099 6,388
American ... ... „ Dutch ... ... „ British ... ... ,, Indian ... ... ,, Japanese ... ... ,, 160,980 1,045 11,437 "'248 137,388 210 5.520 ' 40 9,050 58,194 304 10,100 345 18,727 213,394 1,268 3,496 180 20,383 165,231 1,360 0,918
American ... ... ,, Dutch ... ...”
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“...
Brown...... ,, 328,638 128,338 23,892 205,754 222,507
Candy ...... n 23,636 12,093 20,552 24,212 22,107
Bcflned ii 38,805 33,070 90,308 118,205 94,281
White...... ii 163,239 07,004 87,557 78,263 99,885
Bags of all kinds Pieces ... 965,557 1,043,091 272,385 •125,037 621,407
Coal—
Cardiff...... ...... Japanese ......... Tons ... 4,043 46,526 j 07,302 08,386 73,335 109,281
Table III.—Showing Total Value of all Articles Imported into
Cliefoo from Foreign Countries, and Exported from Chefoo
to Foreign Countries, during the Year 1906.
Country. Imports. Exports and Re-exports.
United Kingdom............ Hong-Kong ............ Canada South Africa ............ Other British possessions £ 9,727 411,497 368 "" 20 £ 300,333 710
Total British possessions .... Germany ................ Russia (Pacific ports) France and other European countries United States and Hawaii Corea ................ Japan and Formosa Philippines................ Dutch Indies ............ Other countries...”
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