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“...6
Table of the Open Ports of China, with estimated Chinese Population of
each Port and Province—continued.
Yunnan...
Mengtzu
Szemao
Teng Yueh*
Shansi ...
Shensi ...
Kansu ...
Honan ...
Kweichow
Total population of Ch
eluding Manchuria)...
na (in-
Population.
7,571,000
11,000
15,000
10,000
55,000,000
437,996,000
Note.—British Consular officers are stationed at the ports marked with an
asterisk (*), and also at the following provincial capitals :—Mukden (Manchuria),
Tsinan (Shantung), Chengtu (Szechuan) and Yunnanfu (Yunnan).
(For value of trade at open ports see Table 15, page 55.)
Estimated Foreign Population of China during the Year 1911.
Population.
Japanese ........................78r306
Russian ... ... ... ... 51,221
British ........................10,256
American ... ... ............3,470
Portuguese........................3,224
German ........................2,758
French ........................1,925
Other nationalities ... ............2,362
Total 153,522
The...”
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“...rubber and from the breakdown
of the native banking system, had brought the tide of foreign trade
to apparently the lowest ebb. Stocks of piece-goods were smaller
than they had been for many years, and although Manchester prices
remained high and exchange remained low, orders had to be sent
home for goods to replace the anticipated ofE-take. Indeed a brisk
demand from all parts of the country for foreign goods was noticeable
in the early weeks of the year, and although the outbreak of plague
in Manchuria greatly interfered for two months with the trade of
the northern ports, the Yangtse Valley, which is a much better
customer for British imports than the north, continued until July...”
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“...china. 7
to absorb a normal quantity of the stocks in hand and arriving. Then
the Yangtse River rose to unprecedented heights, and vast tracts of
country were inundated, rendering millions of people homeless and
destitute. Serious summer floods occurred also in Chekiang, in
Shantung, and in the Liao River Valley in Manchuria. As the floods
subsided, and it was found that the crops in many of the imflooded
districts were exceptionally good, hopes of trade revived. In August,
however, fresh trouble was caused by delays in deliveries of goods
due to labour strikes in the United Kingdom, whereby clearances
were retarded ; and when this trouble was righting itself, the wealthy
province of Szechuan, where the crops were excellent, was cut off
as a customer by the widespread agitation against the Central Govern-
ment's railway policy, which was the forerunner of the October
revolution.
Effects of revolution.—Although, as already pointed out, the effect
of the revolution is not fully reflected...”
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“...chief manufacturers during the
last five years :—
Nationality. 1907. 1908. 1909. 1910. 1911.
Pieces. Pieces. Pieces. Pieces. Pieces.
British 8,224,951 8,993,534 10,691,448 6,511.126 11,317,630
United States 578,647 1,586,989 3,856,231 1,385,819 1,988,061
Japanese 840,401 986,982 1,396,207 2,389,693 2,832,625
Indian 67,905 141,312 133,855 147,952 21,935
It will be seen that Japanese makes continue to increase steadily,,
the competition being felt chiefly in American drills and sheetings
in Manchuria. British goods show a still larger increase. The import
of British shirtings into Shanghai was more than double that of 1910.
An important increase in British jeans is noted at Newchwang, where
the import of American jeans correspondingly fell off. As already
indicated, the excess of stocks in hand over possible requirements-...”
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“...at a more rapid rate than
heretofore, in the import of all kinds of foreign clothing. The value
of the goods grouped under this head amounted to 338,8551, in 1910
and 450,451Z. in 1911.
Dyes.—-The continued expansion of the trade in "artificial indigo,
to which attention was drawn in last year's report, is again remarkable
in the figures for 1911. It is extensively used in Hunan, where it
was formerly practically unknown, and it has almost displaced
vegetable indigo in Chinese dyeworks in Manchuria. The business
is entirely in the hands of German firms. According to a report from
Chungking, the .use of aniline dyes had been found unsatisfactory
by the scarlet-dyers there, and attempts were being made last summer
to cultivate saffron for this purpose in fields where opium had been
previously grown.
Flour.—A large increase in the import of flour, chiefly American,
is noted at several ports, and attributed to the failure of Chinese
harvests from floods or other disasters. At Chefoo the import...”
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“...Tientsin as far only as Lincheng, in the south of Shantung,
370 miles from Tientsin. The trains on the southern section were,
moreover, running over temporary bridges pending the completion
of permanent structures. As for the bridge over the Yellow River,
the construction of this was delayed by the high water which prevailed
last summer, but it is hoped that it will be completed in the autumn
of 1912.
Some progress was made in the construction of the branch line
from Changchun to Kirin in Manchuria, under Japanese auspices ;
and the extension of the Peking-Kalgan Railway towards Suiyuan
in Shansi was slowly but steadily continued, ordinary trains running
as far as 55 miles and construction trains as far as 75 miles west of
Kalgan. In Kwangtung Province, the railway from Sampakhoi
to Kungyik (a 40-mile line built by a Chinese private company) was
extended northwards another 30 miles or so through Sunwu to Kong-
moon, the extension being completed early in January, 1912.
Little or no progress...”
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