Great Britain and the East

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1		“...East, September 4, 1941. THE IMPERIAL BANK OF IRAN (Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1889) CAPITAL (fully paid) - £1,000,000 RESERVE - - - £760,000 Reserve Liability of Shareholders, £1,000,000 Branches in Iran :— Ahwat Bushire Hatnaaan Isfahan Kerntanshah Khurramshahr Meshed Chief Office in Iran—TEHERAN. Resht Tabriz Shiraz Teheran (Bazaar Office^ Sultanabad Zahedan Branches in . Iraq :—Baghdad, Basra. The Bank transacts Banking business of every description in and connected / with Iran and Iraq; and in London, grants Drafts, Telegraphic Transfers and Letters of Credit; and negotiates or collects Bills on Iran and Iraq. Head Office - 11, TELEGRAPH STREET, MOORGATE, E.C.2 IONIAN BANK LIMITED EST A BUSHED 1839 THE BRITISH BANK FOR THE NEAR EAST Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1842 and Registered under the Companies’ Acts in 1883. Capital: Authorised £1,000,000, Paid-up £600,000 OVER 100 YEARS BANKING SERVICE IN AND BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE NEAR EAST. WHY NOT become a regular subscriber to...”

2		“...GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EAST INCORPORATING ” THE NEAR EAST AND INDIA ” Telegrams: Eastaprox, Westcent, London. Telephone: Holborn 8254-5 A Weekly Review of the Politics, Commerce and Finance of Great Britain, the Balkans, Turkey, Egypt, the Sudan, Malta, Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Arabia, India, Afghanistan, the Federated Malay States, China and Japan. Editorial Offices: “GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EAST,” 133/136, High Holborn, London, W.C.I. Editorial Director: Sir Alfred Watson. Managing Editor: E. A. Mackenzie-Bell. No. 1580—VOL. LVII. THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1941 Established 1911 The aims of this Journal are the interpretation of Great Britain to the East, and of the East to Great Britain, and the promotion of British Trade. Page NOTES OF THE WEEK................... 145 LEADING ARTICLES— An Eastern War ... ....... 147 Firmness Needed ... ... ... 147 SPECIAL ARTICLES— Iran in the Past and Present. By Brig.-Gen. Sir Percy Sykes, K.C.I.E. 148 War of Movement Still in Progress. By J...”

3		“...become weaker in the spreading waters* of the oceans and that sea power, in this as in so many wars of the past, will triumphantly assert itself. The definite feature of the war in the second year has been the return of the main struggle to the Eastern theatre in which it began. That theatre has been vastly extended. It has spread to Greece and Yugoslavia, extinguishing for the time being the national lives of two heroic peoples. It has touched Syria, compelled the Allies to undertake a campaign in Iraq, and a second, if briefer, campaign in Iran. Yet these are comparatively minor incidents in com- parison with the German attack on Russia, which absorbs three-fourths of the armed might of the Nazis and ties them down either to a successful decision in the East or to the utter destruction of German power. For that momentous struggle, in which the future of world civilisation must be decided, we are more free to exert our full power than ever before. Vital beyond all else was it for us to find...”

4		“...Iran during this period, the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company built up the fourth greatest oil production in the world. The Shah benefited in more than one manner from this company. He gained a large income while the thousands of Iranian employees were well paid. At the outbreak of the present war, Iran had become strategically more important than before, owing to the development of the important oil wells in Iraq, while Baku, the chief source of Russia’s supply of oil, was within striking distance .from Iran. Iran’s strategical importance to the British position in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, and India on the one hand, and to Russia on the other, needs no stressing. Turkey, who is to-day our ally is, owing to recent operations, protected on two flanks, while the importance of Iran to Russia is clear. Position of the Shah Shah Riza, who alone has spoken for Iran, had clearly been won over by the complete collapse of France and by the other easily won victories of Hitler, to believe that he must...”

5		“...RAILWAYS The linking of Mosul to Baghdad by rail and the extended running of the TAURUS EXPRESS to BAGHDAD provides a Tri-weekly Wagons Lits Sleeping Car Service between Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iraq, a Twice Weekly Service with Iran and a Weekly Service with India and the Far East via the Iranian Gulf. Daily Mail and Passenger Trains between BAGHDAD AND BASRAH (MAQIL) BAGHDAD AND KHANAQIN BAGHDAD AND KIRKUK with First and Second Class Sleeping accommodation. Bedding is available at ali principal stations at a small hire charge. Dining Cars run on the Baghdad-Basrah and Basrah-Baghdad Mail Trains. TOURIST SERVICE Visit the ancient cities of Babylon, Kish, Ur of the Chaldees, Birs Nimrud (Borsipoa), Warka, Abu Shahrain (Eridu), Tai al Ubaid, Nineva, Hatra, Asshur. The climate of Iraq between November and April is ideal for touring. Iraqi State Railways offer special facilities to tourists. Tourist Saloon Coaches fully equipped and provided with kitchens and cooks may be retained for...”

6		“...Instead, it is freely realised that Iran has an individual future as an independent State, and, as I said last week, there has been real admiration of the manner in which the Shah and his people have revolutionised and regenerated their land of recent years. Had a bloody clash ensued between the Iranian army and the armies of Britain and Russia, there could, of course, have been only one result, but none would have been sorrier than the peoples of the major Powers concerned. Just as it was in Iraq and in Syria, we felt that the vast majority of the people had no desire for our discornfiture, ROYAL CENTRAL ASIAN SOCIETY Founded in 1901 to study the politics, commerce, geography, history and archaeology of Asia. Authoritative lectures are given and a quarterly journal published. There is an entrance fee of £1. The annual subscription of £1 5s. per annum entitles members to a copy of each issue of the journal, tickets for all meetings, and the loan of books from the library. Applications for...”

7		“...tons of goods are now in Egypt on their way to Turkey, and, since Syria is now in British hands, delivery is likely to be speeded up. As we stated in our last issue talks have now been insti- tuted between Corporation delegates and Turkish authori- ties on the subject of possible land routes between Egypt and Turkey by the utilisation of which the delivery of British goods can, it is hoped, be expedited. There can be no doubt that with the opening up ’ of land routes through Palestine, Syria and Iraq, and with sea traffic with ports of southern Anatolia becoming safer, British trade with Turkey will gain a new impetus. Indeed, as stated above, the Corporation is making every effort for an exten- sion of reciprocal trade during the coming year. *It is an open secret that the harvest in the Middle East has been very, poor this year. But, in consequence of the supplies of wheat purchased by the Corporation in the Empire and delivered to Turkey, that country will not suffer from lack of bread...”

8		“...had developed. British Economic Aid Accordingly, immediate steps v :re taken by the British authorities on the spot to alleviate the situation, and about a month’s supply of wheat was imported from Iraq. But a much greater supply—reported to be in the neighbour- hood of 60,000 tons—is now on its w7ay to Iran from India. The acute situation which had arisen in consequence of the meek compliance with Nazi demands has thus been redressed, and there is good reason for believing that the country’s economy will hereafter be stabilised on sound lines. Up to 193S-39 Russia had occupied either first or second place in Iranian foreign trade, but in 1939-40 she was reduced to seventh position. In that year Germany headed the list, followed in order by Japan, the United States, Britain, India, and Iraq. But with the conclusion of a barter agreement in March, 1940, between Russia and Iran the former country expected to regain her former lead- ing position. War conditions, however, led to a decline in...”

9		“...SHAHPOUR, KHORAMSHAHR (late MOHAMERAH) and BASRA. Subject to the terms of the Company’s usual form of Bill of Lading. Cargo taken on through Bill of Lading to BAGDAD, TBHE^AN, QUASR-I-SHIRIN, KERMANSHAH, HAMADAIN and TABRIZ. Vessels loaded regularly at London, Glasgow, Manchester. Also Occasional Sailings from Cardiff, Newport and Swansea. For Freight and Passage apply to Loading Brokers:— FRANK C. STRICK & CO., LTD., 117/121, Leadenhall Street, London, E.C.3. FRANK C. STRICK & CO. (BUSRA) LTD., Iraq. P.O. Box 49, BU6RA, T PRINCE LINE MEDITERRANEAN SERVICES Leith, Tyne, Middlesbrough and London to MALTA, ALEXANDRIA. PALESTINE, SYRIA, ASIA MINOR and CYPRUS I Manchester to TUNIS, MALTA, ALEXANDRIA, PALES- TINE, SYRIA, ASIA MINOR and CYPRUS. ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY of Great Britain and Northern Ireland I Founded in March, 1823, and obtained the Royal Charter in August, 1824, for the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encouragement of Science, Literature and the Arts in relation...”