Great Britain and the East

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1		“...Britain and the East. August 7, 1941. THE IMPERIAL BANK OF IRAN (Incorporated by Royal Charter, 1889) CAPITAL (fully paid) £1,000,000 RESERVE £760,000 Reserve Liability of Shareholders, £1,000,000 Branches in Iran:— Ahwaz Bushire Hamaaan Isfahan Chief Office in Iran—TEHERAN. Kermanshah Resht Khurramshahr Shiraz Meshed Sultanabad T abriz Teheran {Bazaar Office) Zahedan Branches in Iraq:—Baghdad, Basra. The Bank transacts Banking business of every description in and connected ■with Iran and Iraq; and in London, grants Drafts, Telegraphic Transfers and Letters of Credit, and negotiates or collects Bills on Iran and Iraq. Head Office 11, TELEGRAPH STREET, MOORGATE, E.C.2 IONIAN BANK LIMITED EST A BUSHED 1839 WHY NOT become a regular subscriber to GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EAST ? THE BRITISH BANK FOR THE NEAR EAST Incorporated by Royal Charter in 1842 and Registered under the Companies’ Acts in 1883. Capital: Authorised £1,000,000, Paid-up £600,000 OVER 100 YEARS BANKING SERVICE IN AND BETWEEN GREAT...”

2		“...GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EAST INCORPORATING •• THE NEAR EAST AND INDIA ” Telegrams: Eastaprox, Westcent, London. Telephone: Holborn 82S4-S A Weekly Review of the Politics, Commerce and Finance of Great Britain, the Balkans, Turkey, Egypt, the Sudan, Malta, Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Arabia, India, Afghanistan, the Federated Malay States, China and Japan. Editorial Offices: ‘•GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EAST,” 133/136, High Holborn, London, W.C.L Editorial Director: Sir Alfred Watson. Managing Editor: E. A. Mackenzie-Bell. No. 1576—VOL LVII. THURSDAY, AUGUST 7, 1941 Established 1911 The aims of this Journal are the interpretation of Great Britain to the East, and of the East to Great Britain, and the promotion of British Trade. PRINCIPAL CONTENTS Page INDIAN AFFAIRS— Page NOTES OF THE WEEK................... 81 LEADING ARTICLES— Japan and the West .... ... ... 83 An Indian Need ............. 83 SPECIAL ARTICLES— Administrative Change in India ...' 84 Magnificent Malta. By Kenneth Williams...”

3		“...82 Great Britain and the East. August 7, 1941. strict neutrality in this conflict, an aspiration shared by many other countries who have not been able to realise their hopes owing to Axis intrigues. The Teheran authori- ties, despite what had happened in Iraq, probably failed to realise the dangers involved in the presence of Nazi agents. Iran’s position explains why it was singled out for atten- tion. If trouble could be stirred up, then a new danger would exist for Turkey, while Iran provides a convenient centre for intrigues, not only in the Caucasus, but also in Afghanistan, where there are also Nazi agents. Conditions facilitated the increase of Nazi agents in Iran in circumstances least likely to arouse suspicion. German- Iranian trade has been considerable; during the war Ger- many has been taking large quantities of Iran’s products, using the very long Caspian Sea route until the attack on Russia brought this commerce to an end. Then Germany has supplied much machinery for Iranian...”

4		“...RAILWAYS The Uniting of Mosul to Baghdad by rail and the extended running of the TAURUS EXPRESS to BAGHDAD provides aTri-weekly Wagons Lits Sleeping Car Service between Turkey, Syria, Palestine, Egypt and Iraq, a Twice Weekly Service with Iran and a Weekly Service with India and the Far East via the Iranian Gulf. Daily Mail and Passenger Trains between BAGHDAD AND BASRAH (MAQIL) BAGHDAD AND KHANAQIN BAGHDAD AND KIRKUK with First and Second Class Sleeping accommodation. Bedding is available at all principal stations at a small hire charge. Dining Cars run on the Baghdad-Basrah and Basrah-Baghdad Mail Trains. TOURIST SERVICE Visit the .ancient cities of Babylon, Kish, Ur of the Chaldees, Birs Nimrud (Borsippaj, Warka, Abu Shahrain (Eridu), Tai al Ubaid, Nineva, Hatra, Asshur The climate of Iraq between November and April is ideal for touring. Iraqi State Railways offer special facilities to tourists. Tourist Saloon Coaches fully equipped and provided with kitchens and cooks may be retained for...”

5		“...Hitler will attempt to make use of the railway for the resumption of a German penetration of Asia. Surveying the possibili- ties, he writes: — ‘ ‘ A group of expansionists looking toward the Danube Basin, Turkey, Iraq, and on to India has long existed in Germany. A school with politically stronger backing is that the raw material producing areas of Turkey, Cyprus, Iraq, and Iran must fulfil their natural function and be drawn into the German Lebensraum. In particular, British, political and linancial control must be ejected from the oil-producing regions so that these areas with their 16 to 20 million tons of oil annually will supply the needs of the ‘ New Order ’ in Europe. " More immediate objectives of the Nazis in South-East Europe might include the destruction or capture of the Iraq and Iran oil- fields in order to cut off petroleum supplies to the Mediterranean Fleet, the diversion of this urgently needed product to Germany, the destruction or capture by land and air of the naval bases...”

6		“...90 Great Britain and the East August 7, 1941. OVERSEA CORRESPONDENCE Irregularities under Rashid Ali Regime (From Our Baghdad Correspondent) Revelations continue to be made about the misuse of power and the irregularities which took place under the Rashid Ali regime. The public accounts for the month of May—when the trouble took place—are now being investi- gated, and it appears that the conspirators who launched Iraq into disaster drew big sums from public funds, no documents being produced either as authority or even as receipts. For instance, £12,000 was spent on “ secret ser- vice ” in the month of May, as against the normal yearly allocation of £3,000. Other personal drawings on a very considerable scale have opened many eyes. Great feeling has also been aroused by the publication of facsimile copies of two letters sent by the former Aqid (Colonel) Kamil Shabib, one of the four officers generally regarded as the instigators, with Rashid Ali, of the recefit coup d’eta't. The letters...”

7		“...Land have been flocking to the famous Wailing Wall in the old walled city of Jerusalem to observe the anniversary of the destruction of the Second Temple and the sacking of the City by the Roman General Titus in a.d. 70. Prince Mohammed Ali, uncle of King Farouk of Egypt, has made a gift of £1,000 to the Muslim Supreme Council, for repairs to the historic Mosque of Omar. The exiled Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin Al Husseini, who fled to Iran from Baghdad after the collapse of Rashid Ali’s revolt in Iraq, is now in Kabul, according to information received in Jerusalem. INDIA AND BURMA General Sir Archibald Wavell, Commander-in-Cihief, India, presided at the first meeting of the Defence Committee of the Central Legislature set up in pursuance of the undertaking given by General Sir Claude Auchinleck, his predecessor, in the Upper House recently. An appeal for at least 100,000 recruits from the Indian States has been issued by the Secretary of the All-India States Muslim League. The £1,000,000 mark...”

8		“...Great Britain and the East. August 7, 1941. 93 COMMERCIAL TOPICS Notes and News Public Works in Iraq—India’s Growing Productivity—British Aid for Indian Industry—Indian Trade Envoy to Iran—China’s Trade and Freezing of Assets—Tea Quota Raised BRITAIN DELIVERS THE GOODS------- ----Advertise in “(treat Britain and the East” Our Baghdad correspondent, in a letter published in our last issue, stated that important capital works suspended earlier in the year are now to proceed, and that work has already been resumed on a number of new State buildings. We have since learned that considerable expenditure on health and social services is also being undertaken by the new Iraqi Government, formed after the collapse of the Rashid Ali regime. A loan of £65,000 is to be granted to the Department of Municipalities for the installation of central water and electricity systems in a number of towns. N'ew roads and public parks are to be constructed in Baghdad, and £34,000 has been allocated for the completion...”

9		“...ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY of Great Britain and Northern Ireland muted by The Marshall Press, 7, Milford Lane, London, W.C.2, and published by the Proprietors at the offices, 133-136, High Holborn, London, W.C.l. P. & O. and B. I. Tickets Interchangeable: also Tickets of P. & O., Orient and New Zealand Shipping Companies. MALTA------ VALLETTA.—Butler’s. CYPRUS---- FAMAGUSTA.—D. K. Panagides. NICOSIA.—Dick Soultanian. IRAQ--- BAGHDAD.—The Bookshop. Rashid Library. ADEN------ Cowasjce, Dinshaw & Co. CHINA------ SHANGHAI—Kelly & Walsh Ltd. TIENTSIN.—Tientsin Book & Stationery Co. SUDAN—— KHARTOUM—Sudan Bookshop. U.S.A.— NEW YORK CITY_________38, Union Square, Universal Distributors Company, leading newsagents and from the Railway Bookstalls of Messrs. W. H. Smith & Son, and Wyman & Co, Direct Freight and Passenger Services to the Chief Ports in INDIA, CEYLON, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS the FAR EAST, AUSTRALIA, EAST and SOUTH AFRICA BRITISH INDIA Address for all Passenger Business, P. & O. House, 14, Cockspur...”