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- Permanent Link:
- https://digital.soas.ac.uk/AA00001641/00001
Material Information
- Title:
- Boxer Rebellion banner
- Alternate Title:
- 興清滅洋
- Alternate Title:
- 保甲民團
- Alternate Title:
- 甲民團
- Alternate Title:
- 義和團的令旗
- Alternate Title:
- 义和团的令旗
- Donor:
- Lees, Jonathan
- Publication Date:
- [1893-1901]
- Language:
- Chinese
Notes
- General Note:
- Boxers used the slogan "Support the Qing, destroy the foreign" (扶清滅洋) -- But the first part of banner is 興清滅 洋. They were similar meaning “May the Qing prosper and the Westerners be annihilated” -- The second part is 保甲民團 means “Protect the civilian army” but it may also refer to 甲民團 "People's Battalion No. 1"
- General Note:
- The modern province of Shandong was created by the Ming dynasty, where it had a more expansive territory including the agricultural part of Liaoning. After the Ming–Qing Transition in 1644, Shandong acquired (more or less) its current borders. -- During the nineteenth century, China became increasingly exposed to Western influence, and Shandong, a coastal province, was especially affected. Qingdao was leased to Germany in 1897 and Weihai to Britain in 1898. As a result of foreign pressure from the Russian Empire, which had annexed Outer Manchuria by 1860, the Qing dynasty encouraged settlement of Shandong people to what remained of northeast China. -- Shandong was one of the first places in which the Boxer Rebellion started and became one of the centers of the uprising. In 1899, the Qing general Yuan Shikai was appointed as governor of the province to suppress the uprising. He held the post for three years. - Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shandong#Early_Imperial_history
- General Note:
- The early years [if the Boxer Rebellion] saw a variety of village activities, not a broad movement with a united purpose. Martial folk religious societies such as the Baguadao (Eight Trigrams) prepared the way for the Boxers. Like the Red Boxing school or the Plum Flower Boxers, the Boxers of Shandong were more concerned with traditional social and moral values, such as filial piety, than with foreign influences. One leader, Zhu Hongdeng (Red Lantern Zhu), started as a wandering healer, specializing in skin ulcers, and gained wide respect by refusing payment for his treatments.[14] Zhu claimed descent from Ming dynasty emperors, since his surname was the surname of the Ming imperial family. He announced that his goal was to "Revive the Qing and destroy the foreigners" ("扶清滅洋 fu Qing mie yang"). -- Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boxer_Rebellion#Origins_of_the_Boxers
- General Note:
- Zhu Hongdeng, also known as Red Lantern Zhu, lead the Red Lanterns, a women's fighting force during the Boxer Rebellion. The Red Lanterns were said to have had supernatural powers and were called upon to perform tasks which the male Boxers could not.
- General Note:
- 朱紅燈（－1899年），山東泗水人，清朝末年義和團首領之一。自稱是明朝皇室傳人。光緒二十五年（1899年）春在山東長清、茌平、平原一帶率領義和團反對外國基督教會。10月率眾達平原岡子李莊，擊敗知縣蔣楷，又於森羅殿重創清軍。後於在平率眾燒張莊教堂。同年12月24日，被山東巡撫毓賢擒獲，被殺於歷城。 -- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/ 朱紅燈- 維基百科，自由的百科全書
- General Note:
- 1899年秋天，在魯西北，於清水、朱紅燈，心誠和尚帶領的反教運動開始登上舞臺。9月17日，在魯西北的平原縣發生民教衝突，平原知縣蔣楷前去彈壓。10月9日，朱紅燈率高唐、茌平、長清等地義和拳眾二三百人開赴平原縣。朱紅燈整齊隊伍，正式豎起了「天下義和拳、興清滅洋」旗幟。11日，知縣蔣楷率領勇役數十人前往彈壓。朱紅燈指揮拳民擊敗蔣楷。蔣楷向上級要求派兵。16日，濟南知府盧昌飴、統領袁世敦帶兵前來，一開始勸諭朱紅燈解散。朱紅燈搶劫之後轉移，於17日晚，率兩千多團民移駐森羅殿，準備攻打恩縣城西的劉王莊和龐莊的教堂。18日，朱紅燈率團民在森羅殿與前來彈壓的清軍七百人交戰，激戰數小時，擊斃擊傷清軍十餘人。在此次戰鬥中，拳民第一次自稱「義和團」，而且此後這個稱謂的頻率越來越高[12]。森羅殿之戰後，朱紅燈趁機轉移，退回茌平[8]。 -- https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hant/ 義和團運動- 維基百科，自由的百科全書
- General Note:
- VIAF (name authority) : Lees, Jonathan : URI http://viaf.org/viaf/54028509
- Biographical:
- Jonathan Lees was born on 7 August 1835, at Manchester. He was appointed to China to serve as a missionary with the London Missionary Society. He was ordained on 10 September 1861, at Grosvenor Street Street Church, and married married Mary Turner, (nee MacDonald), born 30 November 1833. They sailed on 25 October 1861, arriving at Shanghai 21 February 1862, and proceeded to the new mission at Tientsin, arriving there in March. Towards the close of 1866, he took a tour of ten weeks, visiting the capitals of Pecheli, Shansi and Shensi, and numerous other places. He subsequently, at various times, made extended tours in the country around Tientsin. On 25 August 1869, the sole charge of the mission devolved on Mr Lees. In 1900, Mr and Mrs Lees returned to England, arriving 9 October. Mr Lees died at Worthing, 13 June 1902; Mrs Lees also died there, 31 December 1916. Publications included 'Tears in Heaven, and other Poems' (RTS, 1895). [Source: LMS Register of Missionaries, Deputations, etc, 1923]
Record Information
- Source Institution:
- SOAS University of London
- Holding Location:
- Archives and Special Collections
- Rights Management:
 This item is licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivative License. This license allows others to download this work and share them with others as long as they mention the author and link back to the author, but they can’t change them in any way or use them commercially.- Resource Identifier:
- MS 381098 ( soas manuscript number )
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