Your search within this document for 'manchuria' resulted in 121 matching pages.
 
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“...rN "i ar IAG Drv , Nee Net APRIL, EW 4 ann MANCHURIA Ty cae ertl in pee? ee ; Peep kel— oh Sa...”
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“...cents a copy A BI-MONTHLY MAGAZINE VOL.1, No.1 APRIL, 1937 _e— CONTENTS : Page Why a New Magazine? .........:scscesscscssessscencnseece i-ii The South Manchuria Railway Company: Its Great Mission and Work...........- By Yosuke Matsuoka... 1 Bean Oil Industry in Manchuria .............scseseeeres 15 Prevention of Cattle Diseases in Manchuria ......... 43 Manchouli Conference and Its Background ......... 53 The Present Situation of the Red Activities in China and Manchuria .....cccsccccccccssccccescessvecs 74 Electricity in Manchuria .........scccessccecescncccvescsvess 97 Improvement of Agricultural Products in Manchuria Part 1. Soya Beams ........scescccssccceccerscsnctsneenens 109 Milestone of Progress ......cscccsssesscsescecceescssscscense 119 ~- Ce © em -- --- PUBLISHED BY THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY, DAIREN, MANCHURIA $3.00 a year...”
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“...WHY A NEW MAGAZINE? Changing Manchuria—that is the vibrating reality of contemporary Manchuria. Within a short span of four years, Manchuria has witnessed unprecedented changes which are unrivalled anywhere in the modern age. For the first time in its long history, peace and order have been achieved under an honest and efficient political administration; State finances have been modernized and minutely budgeted ; complicated currencies have been completely unified and nationalized ; tax burdens have been radically reduced and rationally redistributed; dying industries have been rejuvenated and new industries fostered; trade has been resuscitated and grown with leaps and bounds; construc- tion activities have shown a greatest boom of modern times; new railway and bus lines have penetrated the remotest hamlets and backwoods; postal services have been thoroughly reformed and telephone and telegraph lines expanded, thus practically obliterating the distance and time in communication; schools...”
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“...CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA ll activities which are being carried on under various wings of the South Manchuria Railway Company. By its very nature, therefore, it proposes to present factual- ly the most important phases of changes and develop- ments in contemporary Manchuria. Necessarily, it is not a magazine of opinions. The “ Contemporary Manchuria” is the only maga- zine of its kind in the English language and I confidently believe that it will become, together with our biennial “Report on Progress in Manchuria,” an indispensable source in the study and understanding of changing contemporary Manchuria. YOsUKE MATSUOKA, President....”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAIL- WAY COMPANY; ITS GREAT MISSION AND WORK By YOSUKE MATSUOKA Breaking the breathless tension of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, in which she staked not only her national existence but the destiny of all races in Eastern Asia, Japan emerged victorious, but only at enormous sacrifices entailing the loss of one hundred and twenty thousand precious lives and the expenditure of two billion yen. As the result of her hard-won victory, Japan obtained the lease of the Liaotung Peninsula, now known as the Kwantung Leased Territory, and also gained possession of the railway between Port Arthur and Changchun (Hsinking) built by the Russians as an in- strument of Russian Imperialism, its branch lines and the coal mines along them. It was to utilize and de- ‘velop these railways and collieries that the South Man- churia Railway Company came into existence. The railroads which Japan took over from Russia were in a deplorable condition; they consisted of single tracks with...”
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“...2 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA capital in the enterprises taken over from the Russians, the economic value of which seemed so dubious. But not for a moment could the leaders of Japan forget the Russian designs on Manchuria which had forced Japan to take up arms in self-defence. They suspected that defeated though she was, Czarist Russia would sooner or later strike back at the island Empire in revenge. To prevent the outbreak of another war, they were convinced that Japan must consolidate her position in Manchuria and make herself all powerful in her new sphere of influence. For this they believed that the fullest use must be made of the properties and rights ceded by Russia in order that the greatest possible e- conomic opportunity and encouragement might be of- fered for the settlement of as many Japanese as possible in the new land and for the launching of all sorts of enterprises by such settlers. As a medium through which the development of Manchuria could be undertaken, the leaders of...”
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“...live-stock. It is no exaggeration to say that the Company has rendered a tremendous contribution to the cultural and economic development of Manchuria. The history of the S. M. R. is the history of Japan in Manchuria. Particularly since the birth of the new State of Manchoukuo, this huge organization that controls the bulk of Japan’s economic interests in Manchuria, has placed its resources, excellent personal experience and knowledge behind the numerous pro- jects which Manchoukuo has initiated in an effort to develop itself into an orderly, modern and prosperous state. The South Manchuria Railway Company is primarily a railway concern, but its far-flung and all-embracing pioneer activities have won for it the title of the “ bearer of the light of civilization into Manchuria.” As a rail-...”
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“...4 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA way concern it occupies a preeminent position in Eastern Asia, and the whole of Asia for that matter. Its rail- way and smooth punctual trains not only furnish the backbone of the transportation system in Central and South Manchuria, but also constitute an indispensable link in the international railway communication between the Far East and Europe via Siberia. Measuring 700 miles, the railway lines owned by the S.M.R. consist of the trunk line linking the port of Dairen with the capital city of Hsinking, the Mukden- Antung line, and the branches attached to the former which connect with Fushun, the site of the world-famous open-cut mine, Yingkou and Port Arthur. An epochal step paving the way for the enforcement of a system of unified and rational management of all railways in the new State was taken by the Manchoukuo Government on February 9, 1933, when she entrusted to the S.M.R. the management of the entire State railways totalling 1,820 miles, and the co...”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY 5 October 1933, took over the management of the North Chosen Railways, 200 miles in length, for the purpose of facilitating the through-traffic between Hsinking and North Korea. . Thus, today the South Manchuria Rail- way Company has under its direct management all the railways in Manchuria and North Korea having a total length of 6,100 miles. It is needless to say that this pioneer railway company has during the past few years effected numerous improvements on all the hitherto- obsolete State railways in order to transform them into an efficient railway system provided with up-to-date equipment and facilities. Like all other large railway corporations, such as the Canadian Pacific Railway, the S. M. R. owns and operates fifteen modern hotels in the larger cities in Manchuria. The enterprises affiliated with these hotels are the dining- car service, laundry plants, motor-car service and the commissioned operation of hotels. In connection with the railways...”
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“...6 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA rapidity. The bus lines which possess potentialities to compete with the railways or those which act as the chief instrument of transportation in the localities through which they traverse, have been nationalized and together with the State Railways, have been entrusted to the S.M.R. The management of 3,200 miles of such bus lines has already been commissioned to the S.M.R. while more are expected to be entrusted to this organization in the future. It is an undisputed fact that the seaports and water- ways occupy an important position in connection with railway transportation. The S.M.R. Company has, there- fore, been improving and operating from the outset the harbours and wharves at the ports of Dairen, Antung and Yingkou. In addition to these three ports, the S.M.R. has been entrusted with the management and operation of the three North Chosen seaports of Seishin, Yuki and Rashin. The harbour construction program of Rashin is still under way although the port...”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY 7 end of the first half of fiscal year 1936, the total deposits in the Fushum and Yentai Mines were estimated at 970,- 000,000 tons. Up till the present, the Company has in- vested almost 120,000,000 yen in this enterprise. The scale of the open-cut mines at Kuchengtzu is reputed to be the world’s greatest ; its magnitude may well be surmis- ed from the fact that the amount of dirt excavated up till the present is equivalent to that when the Panama Canal was constructed. Extending over an area of 60,- 165,000 square metres, the Fushun Collieries have an estimated coal deposit of 950,000,000 tons. When the Company commenced the exploitation of the Fushun coal field in 1907, there dawned a new era of large-scale mining based upon scientific methods. Care- ful survey and systematic development were to be the future object of the authorities concerned. As the first step, the Company improved three of the pits which existed then, at enormous expenditures...”
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“...to the independence of Manchoukuo and in striving to aid the healthy growth of the youthful Empire, Japan has already established the fundamental principles for the transfer of administrative rights following the abolition of ex- traterritoriality which she enjoyed in Manchuria. In connection with this, the South Manchuria Railway Com- pany has decided to reserve only those things which are inseparable parts of its enterprises and transfer all the local facilities and establishments to the Government of Manchoukuo. Within the Railway Zone, the S.M.R. has been bend- ing its efforts towards the establishment and the main- tenance of educational, hygienic, and civil engineering facilities. To this day, more than 193,000,000 yen have been invested therein as enterprise fees. Furthermore,...”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA' RAILWAY COMPANY 9 the annual expenditures for their upkeep amount to approximately 21,000,000 yen, registering a deficit of 12,000,000 yen. By this, it is possible to perceive that the mission of the South Manchuria Railway Company is not limited to the railway and mining enterprises. Of all the activities of the S.M.R. in the Railway Zone, the administration of education and cultural facili- ties is the most noteworthy. The educational institutions established and managed for the benefit and welfare of Japanese, Manchoukuoans and Chosenese are as follows: 37 Kindergartens 167 Primary Schools 7 Middle Schools 7 Girls’ High Sehools 56 Vocational Schools 1 Normal College 1 Technical College 1 Medical University In order to furnish these educational institutions with adequate reference books, the S. M. R. has taken the initia- tive in establishing and maintaining libraries in almost all the important towns. Today, there exist 30 libraries having an aggregate of 611,000...”
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“...towns. Trained nurses are stationed in sixteen localities where no medical facilities are to be found and these are despatched upon regular visitation routes. The largest and the most outstanding of these hygienic facilities is the Hygienic Institute which has been found- ed for researches in the maintenance of health and the manufacture of various sera and vaccines for the preven- tion of diseases peculiar to Manchuria. The authorities concerned have been especially active and energetic in finding preventive measures, and already the bubonic plague which long existed in Manchuria has been almost completely conquered. The dreaded typhus and dysen-...”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY 11 tery, too, have practically been controlled and what is more, energies are bent towards the extermination of contagious diseases among the live-stock. Just as it conducts its administrative activities within the Railway Zone in addition to the operation of rail- ways and coal mines, the S.M.R. has assumed the task of encouraging research work and fostering the develop- ment of various industries throughout Manchuria. This, the Company has been doing ever since its establishment in 1907. As has been mentioned in the preceding para- graph, research workers of the S.M.R. have made great contribution to medical science and humanity. In the realms of economics and politics, too, the Company’s research and investigation organs have not only won a splendid reputation but have also been instrumental in improving the Manchurian staple products, in discover- ing mineral resources, in founding new enterprises and industries, and in establishing a stable currency...”
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“...12 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA cal and physical researches of the Company are being carried on. Although this scientific institution is not officially under the direct control of the Industry Bureau it is nevertheless under the general supervision of the Bureau. In the Central Laboratory alone, the S.M.R. spends more than one million yen in the course of a year. In addition to the above-mentioned activities, the Company has close connections with private enterprises. In order to encourage them it not only advances funds at a low rate of interest but also furnish them with subsidies amounting to more than two million yen an- nually. As one of the primary missions of the South Man- churia Railway Company is to foster various enterprises as an intermediate step in its development of Manchuria, it has taken the initiative in numerous public works and basic enterprises even where large deficits were foreseen, but remuneration cannot be expected at first. Among the enterprises. are electric power...”
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“...THE SOUTH MANCHURIA RAILWAY COMPANY = 13 which or 345 million yen represent the S.M.R.’s share of the capital. From what has been described in the foregoing para- graphs, the reader will readily understand the significance of the South Manchuria Railway Company—its important special mission and its all-embracing and far-flung ac- tivities. And now I wish to proceed to delve into its financial status before concluding this article. When the Company was established in 1907, its authorized capital was 200 million yen, of which the equivalent of 100 million yen was furnished by the Japanese Government by turning over to the Company all its properties in railways and coal mines and their appurtenances. The other half was offered for subscrip- tion to the Chinese Government and the Japanese and Chinese public. The Chinese, both Government and public, however, flatly declined the friendly offer, while the Japanese public oversubscribed the offer more than 1,077 times. With the phenomenal growth...”
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“...14 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA ments during the past thirty years, the South Manchuria Railway Company may well be confident that it surpasses all other corporations in the world. With 170 thousand employees it has directly or indirectly a profound con- cern for the destiny of all the races in Eastern Asia. This Company is by no means a mere profit-making concern—the fundamental principle of the concern is to catry on, even with great deficits, various large-scale activities for the welfare of the people and the develop- ment of all branches of culture in Manchuria. In other words, the Company has been the carrier of the light of civilization into Manchuria. With relentless energy and unsparing efforts the Mantetsu family continues its great humanitarian activities. Herein lies the delight, pride and glory of the South Manchuria Railway Company....”
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“...BEAN OIL INDUSTRY IN MANCHURIA I. METHODS OF BEAN OIL EXTRACTION The oil extraction methods used in Manchuria may be classified into two general types, pressure system and abstraction system. The pressure system may be further divided into wedge system, screw system, and hydraulic system, and the abstraction system into benzine-benzol system and alcohol system according to the chemical solvents used. (1) Wedge System (Round Cake). This is a system of pressing beans by means of wedges, operated by cither human or animal power. It is the most primitive and decidedly small-scale method but still extensively used in. the remote interior districts even to-day. (2) Screw System (Round Cake). Screws are used in- stead of wedges, and the oil extraction process is execut- ed by human power but the rest of the work is done by machinery. Most of the bean oil mills in Manchuria use this system. (3) Hydraulic System. This system may be con- veniently divided into two classes according to the...”
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“...16 CONTEMPORARY MANCHURIA (4) Benzine-Benzol System. : This is a latest method of abstracting oil out of soya beans by the use of benzine or benzol as chemical solvents. The Honen Oil Mills at Dairen is the only one which uses this method at present. (5) Alcohol System. A new process of abstracting oil by using alcohol as solvent was recently discovered by the Central Laboratory of the South Manchuria Railway Company. This method is now utilized by the Man- churia Soya Bean Industry Company at Dairen. Il. CHARACTERISTICS OF VARIOUS EXTRACTION METHODS (1) Comparison of Wedge,. Screw, and Hydraulic Systems. Of the three round-cake extraction methods, the wedge system is the most primitive. As the extrac- tion and other factory work are carried on by human and animal power, the scale of its production is natural- ly very small. Thus, this system has lost its usefulness entirely in this age which requires quick and large-scale production and necessitates the minimization of per-unit cost...”