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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1928 (FIFTEENTH ISSUE OF THE CHINA 44 MISSION" YEAR BOOK) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the Direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council Rev. K. T. Chung Miss L. K* Haass Rev* A. R* Kepler Dr. John Y. Lee Mrs. Herman Liu Rev. E. C. Lobenstine Dr. D. MacGillvray Rev. Edwin Marx Dr. J. L. Maxwell Mr. Plummer Mills Rev. Frank R. Millican Rev. C. E. Patton Dr. Frank Rawlinson Mr. J. H. Reisner Rev. Stanley Smith Miss Helen Thoburn Mr. H. C. Tsao Rev. Z. K. Zia EDITOR ;Rev. Frank Rawlinson^ D. D* Editor, Chinese Recorder. SHANGHAI CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY J928...”
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“...CONTENTS vii Page XII. Effects of 1927 on Work of Missionaries L. H. Roots 111 XIII. Recent'Evaluations of Mission Work C. E. Patton 120 XIV. Relations of the Younger and Older Churches ..............................C. E. Patton 134 XY. The Evacuation and Return of Missionaries C, L. Boynton 155 XVI. Location of Missionaries .........C. L. Boynton 1G0 XVII. Work of Catholic Christianity in China G. B. O'Toole 163 PART V. EDUCATION AND STUDENTS XVIII. The Nationalist Movement and Christian Education.................................H. C. Tsao 172 XIX. Education Under the Nationalist Govern- ment....................................Sidney K. Wei 195 XX. Present Outlook for Religious Education Frank W. Price 207 XXI. Theological Training in 1927 ......Djang Fang 217 XXII. The Revolution and Student Thought Y. T. Wu 223 XXIII. The Village Education Movement Chishin (W. T.) Tao 235 PART VI. SOCIAL LIFE XXIV. Labor and Revolution ...............Gideon Chen 248 XXV. Peasant Movements..............”
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“...viii contents Page XXXI. Mission Hospitals and Research Work James L. Maxwell 345 PART VIII. LITERATURE XXXII. Religious Tract Societies in 1927 George A. Clayton 351 XXXIII. Best Books in Chinese .....................Z. K. Zia 364 XXXIV. Christian Periodicals in Chinese ...K. L. Pao 372 XXXV. Best Books in English on China...J. B. Powell 376 XXXVI. National Christian Literature Association J. Wesley Shen 383 XXXVII. Urgent Needs in Christian Literature A. J. Gamier 392 PART IX. APPENDICES A. Principal Events, 1925-28 Dr. D. MacGillivray 402 B. Doctrinal Basis of Union and Constitution of Church of Christ in China ........................... 405 C. Educational Regulations.........L. E. Willmott 413 D. Bibliography of English Books on China J. B. Powell and Frank Rawlinson 424...”
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“...Church of Christ in China. Secretary, National Christian Council ........................ 217 Gamier, Albert John, (1906) Urgent Needs in Christian Literature, XXXVII. English Baptist Mission. Member of staff of Christian Literature Society, Shanghai............ ... 392 Garland, Miss S.J., (1891) Work for the Blind, XXIX. China Inland Mission .................. 319 Hinder, Miss Eleanor M#, (1926) Status of Women in Modern China, III; Some Recent Christian Social and In- dustrial Experiments, XXVIII. Industrial Secretary, Y. W. C. A. in China. Program Secretary, Pan-Pacific Women's Conference, Honolulu, August, 1928 ..................... 34,307 Hodgkin, H.T., M.A., M.B., (1905) Political Events of 1927 and their Effects on the Christian Church, 1 : National Christian Council in 1927, VII. English Friends Mission. Secretary, National Christian Council ........................ 6,66 Kepler, Asher Raymond, A.B., (1901) Movements for Chris- tian Unity, VIII. American Presbyterian (North). General...”
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“...Catholic Christianity in China, XVII. Rector of The Catholic University, Peking, China. Captain (Chaplain) U. S. R., Consultor of the Chinese Government Bureau of Publication and Translation ... 163 Pao, K.L, Christian Periodicals in Chinese, XXXIV. Church of Christ in China. Member of the staff of the Christian Literature Society, Shanghai ......... 372 Patton, Charles E B.A., M. A., (1899) Recent Evaluation of Mission Work, XIII; Relations of the Younger and Older Churches, XIV. Presbyterian Church (North). Vice-Chairman and Secre- tary of the China Council of the Presbyterian Mission 120,134 Powell, John B., (1917) Best books in English on China, XXXV; Bibliography of Books in English on China, Appendix D. Editor, China Weekly Review; Correspondent, The Chicago Tribune and the Manchester Guardian. ... 376, 424 Price, Frank W., B.D., M.A*, (1923) Present Outlook for Religious Education, XX. Presbyterian Church (South). Formerly Professor of Religious Education in Nanking Theological Seminary;...”
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“...4 RECONSTRUCTIVE CRISES responsibility for participation in social rehabilitation has been clearly espoused. The principle of the spiritual equality of Chinese and western Christians has also been plainly outlined. That the plans and practice of religious education must also be rebuilt is admitted. In addition the relation of the mission and the missionary to the Chinese Church and Christian institutions in China is being reorganized, though plans and progress in this regard vary with different groups and localities. Jerusalem has not, any more than recent Nationalist reconstructive programs, introduced many, if any, new activities to the Christian Movement in China. But both have pushed Christian reconstruction forward. , f The first stage of China's revolutionary Crbes"* transition, both within the nation and the Church, has passed. For both the way is more open than ever before for reconstruction. In neither case is the task finished. A psychological conflict is in evidence. In the nation...”
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“...councils. In these cases there has been a restiveness and a desire to shake off foreign control, though it has been realized by comparatively few that, however little it may be desired, the continuance of large subventions in aid of the churches in China necessarily involves a considerable element of foreign influence in the growing life and activities of the church. In a very few cases statements have been Missionsn published which amounted to a direct attack upon the- foreign missionary or mission board. In a far larger number of cases there has been a clear recognition that the Chinese church still needs some measure of foreign help, both in the matter of finance and personnel, and indeed, a desire to maintain such relationships as will enable this help to be given not less in the future than in the past. The worthwhile leadership of the Chinese Church has definitely dissociated itself from the extreme statements made in a few cases and is mainly concerned to see that the foreign help...”
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“...they affect public issues. There may, therefore, be said to be within the church two trends of thoughtone calling for a more active participation by the church as such in these questions; the other trying to call a halt and fearing lest the church should dissipate its energy on such matters and fail to make its profound im- pression in the field of evangelism and the deepening of the spiritual life. 6. A Deeper Appreciation of the Church's Educational Function For a long time past educational mission- Le^shi aries have dePJored the lack of a deeP and e sustained interest in education on the part of Chinese Christians generally. In demanding registration for all schools and the establishment of predominantly Chinese boards of control the government has stepped in to remedy this. The anti-Christian movement, through its attacks upon Christian assumptions, has done something in the same direction. The need for a trained leadership to meet the situation is becoming ever more apparent. At the...”
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“...but also, by far the more important, useful and independent men and women. There is another special form of philan- Work tor thropy which deserves our consideration. e It is the Chinese Mission to Lepers. There have been leper homes for many years in Kwangtung, Fukien, Chekiang, Kiangsu, Shantung, Hupeh, Kansu, and Yunnan, established by Protestant missionaries and Catholic fathers. Only as recently as January, 1926, the Chinese Mission to Lepers was formed by leading Christians in Shanghai. Its purpose is many-fold; to inform the Chinese people of the dangers of leprosy and of the new possible cure; to strengthen existing leper asylums and to cultivate the social responsibility of the Chinese towards the support and medical care of the lepers for the ultimate riddance of China of leprosy. This Mission has employed a general Publicity secretary who has in his travels done a considerable amount of publicity work. A great deal of interest has been roused among Christian school students, ...”
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“...past, sharp demarcation of their spheres of activity, is significant for the new era. As stable political conditions develop, Chinese women will be accorded equality with men much more easily than this is conceded to have taken place in some European countries Facts such as these have their importance in a consideration of the modern place of Chinese women in Pacific affairs. Historically it may be stated that, with the Eflofts"^011^7 cominS of western influence to China, and the opening of mission schools, emphasis was laid upon the education of women and girls as upon that of men. Consequent upon this the twentieth century has seen, from its opening, the emergence of Chinese women into new fields. In 1901 the first Chinese magazine advocating women's rights was published in Tokyo, Japan, by a Chinese woman. China, then still under Manchu rule, had many secret societies, and women, graduated from new schools, had their share in the planning or discussion of political affairs. With the...”
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“...manifestation of the Three Principles. The Buddhists have felt the urgent need of Etoddhism reforming their own association. They think their greatest enemy is not the anti-religious people but they themselves, for what the former have criticized and wanted to destroy is not Buddha and his teachings but the bad monks and their superstitious practices. 80 they believe that the future of Buddhism in China depends upon the Buddhists themselves. Th^y desire, therefore, to have a revival of their own mission and to reform themselves.The following is regarded as a minimum program of reformation: 1. Restrict people from becoming monks. Program of Those who are not mature, who are lazy, or Reformation . i j ... , . , who want to utilize Buddhism as a means to an end, should not be allowed to become monks. 2. Restrict people from taking vows. Those who lack good character or who have no understanding of Buddhist teachings should not be allowed to take vows. 3. Stop the practices of saying mass for money...”
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“...almost wholly material and institu- tional; of things which at worst encumbered the Church, and at best were external, transient, or non-essential. The gains have been in the realm of the spirit. They pertain to those aspects of the Christian movement which are vital, essential, abiding. The losses and suffering were of the body; the victories and rewards were of the soul. In the category of losses it is natural to ses include the extensive exodus of missionaries; the sequestration of church and mission properties; personal property losses, some the result of intentional acts and others incidental to conditions of war; the interference with schools, and closing of hospitals; the harrying of Christians, resulting in suffering of mind and body and in deaths. The extent of these inroads is difficult to indicate concretely without entering into more details than space allows, and also probably trespassing on subjects allotted to other writers. We must be content here to indicate the kinds of losses...”
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“...wide attention that has been focused on some practical applications of Christian principles, as, for example, in connection with reparations, the use of force, and international justice, will reinforce the efforts of Christian workers in China, and should react favorably on the prestige of the Church. In the narrower circle of church and NeedfcT mission relations, the very severity of the shock sustained has awakened western Christians to the immensity of the changes in this country. Nothing less would have concentrated thought so intently on the affairs in this land, and brought about so readily the fundamental changes needed in Church and mission relations. Even yet, 44mission board archives contain no suitable programs for this situation,"2 but the events have given a mighty impetus to the needed read- justments. 1G. R. 1927:473. 2C. R 1927:233, 234....”
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“...responsibilities and opportunities. The time called for specific acts rather than for general counsel. Steps taken through the Council may be summarized under a few general headings. For a while it was difficult to do anything th'SChttrches fco help the churches which were feeling their weakness through the evacuation of mission- aries and the attacks of the anti-Christian movement, but as time went on, the way seemed to open for the sending out of Chinese Christians of standing and spiritual power to a number of centers in different parts of the country. These men were brought together as far as possible in Shanghai for preparatory thought and prayer in regard to this mission, and subsequently visited sixty-five centers in fourteen provinces, bringing a message of spiritual comfort and counsel to many who were feeling the stress of the times. The visitation work of the Council has...”
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“...70 NATIONAL CHBISTIAN COUNCIL 70 ways in which such help can be wisely given. Such study the National Christian Council is furthering continuously through its Committee on Christianizing Economic Re- lations. In the early part of 1927, letters and state- Church^nd stents were received from different parts of Mission China showing an increased interest in the problem of developing an indigenous church life in China. A few of the statements received were of an extreme character, but in the main they showed a healthy determination to face these problems and a desire, quickened no doubt by the growth of the nationalist move- ment, for a more definite Chinese expression in organization and life of the principles of Jesus Christ. The National Christian Council responded to these appeals by securing special help from Mr. Havermale of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, who made a special study of what was being done in the various groups and localities in China. The investigation was carried forward...”
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“...fulfilled. The thought given to the subjects which came up for discussion has been of particular value to the committees on Church and Mission j Administration and on Religious Education as well as ! to that on the Christianizing of International Relations, as the presentation of various questions has been the means of bringing out many interesting points of view and starting fresh lines of thought. During the year, two or three of the larger ^Thfc^unciT bodies cooperating in the work of the Council, submitted suggestions to the Council with a view to its reorganization on more representative lines. It is now more than five years since the National Conference was held at which the Council came into existence and it has from the beginning been found difficult to maintain the very close contact desirable between the Council and the various church and mission organizations. Still more difficult is it to ensure a continued sense of responsibility in relation to the Council on the part of churches...”
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“...wishes of Synod in this report; and further, if Synod is determined that such an organization must be effected, we can see no other way than to recall us and send hither men who see clearly their way to do that which to us seems wrong." In the light of this background it is not Conference surprising that at the 1877 China Missionary Conference, we should find expressed a very definite yearning for Christian unity. The Rev. A. Williamson, LL.D., a missionary of the United Scotch Presbyterian Mission, in his paper read before this Con- ference remarked :
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“...souls to Christ and that they may be closely united in the spirit and in the bonds of love. They organized a committee of reference and counsel to deal with all subjects of common interest and to publish statistical reports and the like. From 1877 to 1900 we find very little accomplished in achieving actual unity. For -this there are two reasons: (1) Individual mission constituencies were now grow- ing in number and strength, therefore the individual denominations became more self-reliant, self-contented and not a little ambitious for their own denomination. Henry Drummond, who visited China during this period, referred to mission work in China as 4 4 bands of guer- rillas." (2) The difference which arose over the term question had cut very deep and created currents subversive to Christian unity. In its platform papers and resolutions, the Conference Missionary Conference of 1890 made little mention of union and unity. However, at this meeting, 120 missionaries representing the various...”
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“...so MOVEMENTS FOR CHRISTIAN UNITY" (2) The union effort in the translation of the Bible and in preparing several hymnals. (3) Tract Societies, Bible Societies, the Presbyterian Mission Press, while non-union enterprises, were neverthe- less unifying agencies and rendering inter-denominational- services of great value. The Christian Literature Society, under the leadership of such giants as Dr. Timothy Richard and Dr. Young J. Allen, was most potent not only in the evangelistic outreach of the Church, but in drawing the several denominational groups closer together through the production of a common literature. (4) The Y. M. C. A. had just made its appearance at the close of the century. It was just at the threshold of its remarkable expansion. (5) In scattered centers were also found union classes for theological training, mostly confined to missionary societies of kindred denominations. Nanking University and West China University were still largely in the blue-print stage. The Educational...”
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“...anti-foreign and anti-Christian' opposition and had all they could do to keep themselves and their property out of the hands of the Communists. In some places this was found to be impossible; but as a rule the Christian Church has held on her way, quietly preaching the gospel and doing all she could under such untoward conditions to help the communities in which she finds herself." In Soochow many soldiers attended the regular evangelistic services conducted by the Central China Presbyterian Mission. They made no attempt to hinder the meetings. Special reference must needs be made to the "ministry of the colporteurs" often heroic! and the work of the Bible Societies, both direct agencies in evangelistic work. In spite of disrupted post office organization, communistic activities, bandits, and civil war, the three Bible Societies operating in China distributed 8,488,058 copies of the scriptures, mostly in portions. Neither the Bible Societies or the Tract Societies were silenced though both...”