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“...THE CHINA CHRISTIAN YEAR BOOK 1929 (Sixteenth issue of the China "Mission" Year Book) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the National Christian Council of China under the direction of the following Editorial Board appointed by the National Christian Council. Mr. E. E. Barnett Rev. Edwin Marx Rev. T. C. Brown Dr. J. L. Maxwell ' Rev. L. D. Cio Rev. F. R. Millican Miss M. Frame Mr. John Nipps Miss L. K. Haass Dr. Frank Rawlinson Dr. C. L. Hsia Rev. Stanley Smith Dr. Herman Liu Mr. H. C. Tsao Rev. E. C. LobenstineMiss K. Vaughn Dr. D. MacGillivray Rev. Z. K. Zia Editor Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Editor, Chinese Recorder. Shanghai i Christian Literature Society 1929. \...”
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“...ii preface It is somewhat more than a year since the last China Christian Year Book appeared. The present issue has been delayed by the extreme difficulty involved in laying upon busy people the task of writing for it. All the chapters in this volume are voluntarily contributed by those who have, of necessity, felt the task of writing them one of extra and mostly heavy pressure. This explains why the chapter on "Govern- ment Education, 1928-29," is found at the end of the volume instead, of in the section under "Education and Students," where it strictly belongs. The Editor and the Editorial Board wish, therefore, to express their sincere appreciation to all who have helped make up this annual. Without this free and willing help it would be impossible to issue it. Of necessity a considerable proportion of the material in this volume will be past history when it is read. This is due in part to the unavoidable delay in publication mentioned above, but in much larger part it is the result...”
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“...That is as it should be! Some of these writers have done masterly research work in order to make their contribution to this Year Book: all of them have written out of a rich experience; a few of them make bold attempts to indicate roads to progress newer than* those already opened up. This volume reveals that Chinese leaders are delving deeply into the intricate problems challenging them. Such determined study is bound to result in the finding of worthwhile solutions thereto. This volume, furthermore, reveals no atti- tude of laisez-faire in those responsible for the future of the Nation and the Church. Quite the contrary! A determination to measure and master the problem of reconstructing China is their major driving force. Statistical information is somewhat more promin- ent in this issue of the Year Book than in the last. This, however, appears mainly in estimates of pro- jected economic reforms. In connection with present and actual situations it is much less in evidence. The difficulty...”
4 Page 32

“...their policy abundantly clear and have taken such practical steps as lay in theSri power to carry it into effect." France and Italy France and Italy followed suit and signed, on October 17, agreements respectively, for the settle- ment of the same Incident. The Joint Commissions provided for in these settlements have been dr1 stituted and some of them have already presented their reports. Tsinan Incident The Tsinan Incident of May 1928, is probably fresh in the minds of all readers of the Year Book- As a result thereof, the feelings between the people of China and Japan have been greatly strained. For- tunately the major differences involved in this Incident have recently been smoothed out. In the agreement of March 28, 1929, both governments deplored the unhappy incident and Japan agreed to withdraw her troops from Shantung within two months. A Sino- Japanese Joint Commission is to be set up for the investigation and adjudgment of the question of losses sustained by the nationals of both...”
5 Page 121

“...118 SCIENCE AND DEMOCRACY fully one year, and when the debates were finally col- lected and published in book form in 1924, the whole book contained over 250,000 words. Both Mr. Wu Ch-ih-hui and I, needless to say, were allied with Mr. V. K. Ting in the controversy. Spirituality of Science and Democracy In 1926, I published my essay "On our Attitude Towards the Modern Western Civilization/' which appeared simultaneously in the Japanese monthly Kaizo and in the Chinese weekly Contemporary Review. The substance of this essay was rewritten in English as a chapter in Professor Charles A. Beard's Whither Mankind, which came out in 1928. In this essay I took the stand that China must whole- heartedly accept modern civilization especially science, technology and democracy. I tried to show that there was very little spirituality in the civilization which had tolerated such a brutal custom as foot- binding for a thousand years without a protest. 1 also pointed that science and the religion of democracy...”
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“...* PART II RELIGIOUS THOUGHT CHAPTER VI recent developments in religious thought F. R. Millican. Re-evaluation The loosening of the grip of old convictions and habits of thought invariably results in an effort to- wards re-evaluation and restatement in the light of current thought. In an article entitled "Philosophical and Religious Thought" in the 1926 Year Book was set forth in brief summary the results of a study of such a re-evaluation in present-day China. This ar- ticle will present further material, more particularly, on the developments in religious thought. We shall find efforts within various religious groups to clarify their own teachings, as well as attempts to correlate these with the teachings of other groups. Buddhism Let us begin with Buddhism. Buddhism is being put forward more and more as an all-inclusive religious system adapted to the needs and the aspirations of all types of minds throughout the world. This move- ment involves, on the one hand, an effort to fit all the...”
7 Page 126

“...BUDDHIST SECTS 12& Tai Hsii Tai Hsu, who has recently returned from a lecture- tour in Europe in the interest of the world-wide pro- pagation of Buddhism, has been lecturing and writing quite extensively. Within recent years he has pub- lished several volumes giving the results of his studies. Two of these were listed in the Year Book for 1926 in the article on "Philosophical and Religious Thought." A more recent volume is called "An Introduction to the Study of the Sects of Mahayana Buddhism (^c HI ^ m Si tr).* Buddhist Sects In this latter volume we find a brief summary of the teachings of the various Buddhist sects, as well, as a comparison of their teachings with each other. It: will not be possible to take the reader through the maze of metaphysical discussion that we find in this volume. A few brief references must suffice for our present purpose. Starting wTith the Hwa Yen Ching we are given by Tai Hsii the following general division of the all that is included in our phenomenal...”
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“...124 REFORM IN BUDDHISM Pure Land Sect Farther on in the book we find a chapter on the Pure Land Sect. It is pointed out that, since few men have either the time or patience to delve into the intricacies of classical discussions or to engage in pro- longed meditation in order to become "enlightened/' an Easy Way is provided for the masses. This Easy Way, as opposed to the Difficult Way of the Ch'an, or Meditation, is the way of salvation by faith in Amidha, the Goddess of Mercy, and other saviours. This sal- vation' brings immediate entrance into the Western Paradise. While this is not the final goal, or Nirvana, yet it is a big jump in that direction. It is of special interest here to note that Tai Hsu, who is himself a longstanding devotee of the Meditation cult, states in this chapter that "This Easy Way, inasmuch as it lifts men from this world directly into Paradise, holds the highest place among all the Buddhist Ways." This is in accord with his effort to make Buddhism a com- prehensive...”
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“...Buddhism as found in its temple life, and to propagate the teachings of the Pure Land. To this end he car- ries on an extensive correspondence and devotes muck time to writing books. He has recently published a set of four volumes in defence of, and in explanation of, the way of salvation by faith in the Buddhist saviours.f He has also more recently published a * Referred to in Pratt's, "Pilgrimage of Buddhism" in a. footnote on Page 388 as Yung Kuang. t( EP % & AT X ) Vols. 1-4. For sale in Buddhist Book Stores....”
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“...spirit of Confucianism in his "Three Principles." And it is interesting to note that the motto of the Nation- alist Movement is drawn from one of the finest por- tions in Confucian, in fact in all, literature. It sounds like the voice of one of the prophets, and shows the vision of a Tennyson. In view of the prominence given this passage and because of its intrinsic worth we venture to give it in full. It is found in the Li Yun P'ien of the Book of Rites (| jjig where a contrast is drawn between a society that rests on *( fjii&Sf Sold by Mission Book Co., Shanghai....”
11 Page 135

“...The latter phrase, "all under heaven will work for the common good," has been variously interpreted and greatly abused. Paul Linebarger in his "Sun Yat-sen and Chinese Republic" (p. 37) translates it as "All nations shall be the opposite of selfishness," or "Brot- herhood of all nations." The Communists and those who wished to confiscate any property that did not be- long to them were inclined to translate it, "The world *See Page 8 of Dr. R. Y. Lo's "The Social Philosophy of Confucius." Mission Book Co., Shanghai....”
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“...truths concerning God, sin, salvation, and the person and work of Christ. Mr. Chao is fearless in his approach and gives his critics and doubters in general ample opportunity to set forth their views. And then he brings in his own statements of the Christian philosophy and conviction. A further contribution to the exposition of Christian doctrine and one which shows broad study and some originality is given by Peter Peng of Peking in his * *See article in issue of June, 1928. f Available at Mission Book Co., Shanghai....”
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“...CHINESE AND CHRISTIAN THOUGHT 141 recent work, "An Exposition of Christian Doctrine." Of this work Dr. Leighton Stuart says in an English preface: "This book is no mere replica of western theological thought, old or new, but a fresh and con- structive expression of Chinese Christian belief. Best of all is the author's own sense of the meaning and value of Jesus Christ and; the Religion founded on faith in Him."* Correlation of Chinese and Christian Thought The above will indicate that the Christian Move- ment in China is rapidly coming to manhood in its intellectual life. The best in western Christian thought is rapidly being made available and this is being correlated with Chinese religious thought. And further, original contributions are constantly being made by the best Chinese Christian thinkers.f So we may say that the Christian Movement is fast becoming "of age" in its thought life. Buddhism and Christianity This study shows, I think, that the chief interest in organized religion...”
14 Page 184

“...business borrows $2000, proceeds to fail, and then sets up the same kind of trade; in another part of the city, daring his wealthy patron to go to law to secure his rights; and the patron simply recognizes that he has no recourse in law, as for a rich man to su'e a poor one is practically attack- ing himself. Thus the cheat who is poor, feels secure and presumes on 'his immunity as never before. Again a head clerk in a bookstore takes on concubines* or diverts the monies to a rug business, until the ^book- store-goes bankrupt; but he feels unashamed and' does not even take the trouble to flee. The head of a coun- try district appropriates the funds designated for a public debt without any apparent effort to cover the theft, defying his fellow headmen and the country magistrate and not even offering them a share. In such cases the first retort of the accused is, "If you want to go to law do so;" whereas formerly the first first word of the accuser .would be a threat to go to law. Graft Graft on...”
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“...220 WESTERN CO-OPERATION into politics rather than enter the ministry. As for women, educational work is more preferable." The reasons given are that "the progra'm of the church does not appeal to them. Denominational dif- ferences and arrogance on the part of older workers prevent them. Remuneration is so meagre that they can meet neither the educational expenses of their children nor provide for old age. Book knowledge is too much emphasized in their education, so that re- ligion and life are for them two separate things. Re- ligious education in schools is inadequate, so that the youth leaves school with no substantiated faith or thorough understanding of Christianity." The conferences were marked throughout by an eager desire on the part of delegates not only to find out what Christians in other groups were thinking and to share their own thinking with them, but also to face the future together courageously and to see how the different Christian forces, separated as they are into so...”
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“...230 decrees approved since he may now know what happened in that mem- orable Assembly. We have been kindly asked by the Editor of The China Christian Year Book to give a comprehensive insight, into this most important document, to the English speaking reader, who does not handle Latin, the official language of the Church and consequently of the Chinese Council. Such a request bears an elo- quent testimony to the interest that non-Catholic authors and readers take in things Catholic. In order to comply with this legitimate wish, we intend to give in this paper: I. A skeleton analysis of the contents of this Book; II. A comprehensive synopsis of the Decrees of the Council. I. Book of Decrees The Book contains: (1) The Acts which preceded, accompanied and followed the Council (pp. 1-20).' (2) The Decrees and Directions of the First Chinese Council (pp. 21-260). (3) The Wishes and Requests of the Council (pp. 261-284). (4) An Instruction of the Propaganda on Mat- rimonial Causes in China (pp...”
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“...Introduction comes the back-bone of the Book, containing the Decrees and Directions of the Council. Since the acknowledged end' of the As- sembly, as it was plainly stated in the opening address of the Apostolic Delegate (p. 315), was to apply to China the New Code of Canon Law, so that, just as the New Code contains the general Law binding the Universal Church, so also the "Mission Code" that the Council had undertaken to work out, should contain the particular Law binding the Chinese Church, the workers and writers of the Council traced their Laws exactly according to the New Code. As in the latter, the Decrees of the Council are divided into Numbers (a total of 861), extending through Five Books, viz. The General Norms, The Persons, The Things, The Work of Evangelization, The Law Suits, Offences and Punishments; each Book is then subdivided into Titles (Tituli) and Chapters. The only difference lies in this that, while the New Code devotes the whole of Book IV to Ecclesiastical Lawsuits, the...”
18 Page 237

“...by the Pope on the day of the Consecration of the first Six Chinese Bis- hops in Rome, October 26th, 1926; the Pontifical Message of peace and good wishes to the Chinese Pe- ople on August 1st, 1928; an Instruction of the Pro- paganda, dated January 6th, 1920, enjoining the miss- ionaries to avoid secular cares; a Decree of the Pro- paganda urging the observance by all the missionaries, either foreign or native, of Canon 106 of the New Code relative to the right of precedence. Index To make the Book as complete as possible a detail- ed Index, which the reader will find very convenient for reference work, has been added at the end. Gist of Decrees Undoubtedly the reader expects from us some- thing more than this jejune and' colourless skeleton analysis. He is eager to know what the Decrees of the Council are about. The narrow limits allowed to this paper do not permit us to go into many details. Nevertheless we shall try to put, in a nutshell, what may interest most the general reader. Indigenous...”
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“...242 MAIN AIMS elegant but readable Chinese (35-38). The third which met in Shanghai in April last, will work for the unification of a prayer book and of a triple Catechism, small, medium and large (39-48). Two Main Aims This rapidtoo rapidbird's-eye view of the Chinese Plenary Council, full of so many interesting questions for the future of the Catholic Church in China, abundantly demonstrates, we think, what we announced above, viz. that the Council had two main solicitudes: to foster the supernatural spirit in view of the work of evangelization and to establish an in- digenous church. And be it so. God grant that the tiny mustard seed planted once by the children of the Assisian Francis, replanted later on by the brethren of another Francis, the Xaverian, irrigated ever since with the tears, sweat and blood of so many mission- aries hailing from all parts of the world, may, thanks to the First Plenary Council, spring forth in the near future into a magnificent tree, whose roots will be...”
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“...DIRECTORY 249 (Figures in parenthesis indicate number arriving in calendar year of the Directory issue who are still in China. This indicates that approximately one-third of those arriving in any year are to be found still on the field' ten years after their first arrival.) It is hoped to continue these studies to a point of relative completeness, for presentation in later is- sues of the Year Book....”