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“...study of a school in Nepal, representative of those existent in the country. Non-linear numerical analyses were carried out to assess the seismic vulnerability in terms of peak inter-storey drifts. In addition, results will be presented and discussed in terms of peak inter-storey drift profiles and peak base shear. Results from a seismic vulnerability assessment of the pre-earthquake structure indicate that the presence of the infill panels in the original structures were responsible for the development a soft-storey mechanism, combined with torsion. Following the seismic vulnerability assessment, four different retrofit solutions were tested and compared with the results of the original structure to gain an understanding on the structural efficiency of each proposed solution. The retrofit solutions proposed revealed to be efficient and reduce the seismic vulnerability. The retrofit solution showing best results correspond to the ones in which reinforced concrete column jacketing was employed...”
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“... Some numerical works focused on the seismic vulnerability assessment of RC structures with different configurations, infill masonry wall distribution, and varying seismic design [5-7]. Other research studies were directly related to the seismic behavior of structural elements [8].
Nepal is located in a region of high seismic activity, as evidenced by the various catastrophic earthquakes over recent years [9]. According to the Bureau of Crisis Prevention and Recovery of the United Nations Development Programme, Nepal, occupies the eleventh position on the list of most vulnerable countries in terms of seismic risk [10]. Recently, a quick and uncontrolled urban growth of the number of RC buildings was observed in Nepal. Consequently, notorious difficulties of the government in implementing building design codes accounting for seismic loads and/or the contribution of the infill masonry walls to the response has been lacking in Nepal. It is worth noting that most of the residential buildings...”
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“...International Journal of Civil Engineering
it is then recommended that retrofit strategies be implemented to improve the building’s seismic performance or, in some exceptional cases, a partial or total demolition and reconstruction of the structure may be warranted.
Eurocode 8 [25] suggests four analysis methods, of which two are linear and the other two non-linear. In the present work, it was assumed that the material non-linearity and non-linear dynamic time history response analyses were the most appropriate tool to assess the seismic vulnerability of the building.
Throughout the following sub-sections, the methodology adopted to assess the seismic vulnerability of the structure will be presented and the results will be presented and discussed in detail.
3.2 Methodology
The seismic assessment methodology used is based on the analysis of the peak inter-storey drift ratios reached by the different floors of the structure during the non-linear time history response analysis. These peak...”
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“...deterioration parameters on the response of low-rise symmetric and asymmetric RC buildings. Int J Civil Eng 14,8, 547-560
8. Sadeghi K (2017) Nonlinear numerical simulation of reinforced concrete columns under cyclic biaxial bending moment and axial loading. Int J Civil Eng J 15,1, 113-124
9. Chaulagain H, Rodrigues H, Silva V, Spacone E, Varum H (2016) Earthquake loss estimation for the Kathmandu Valley Bull Earthq Eng 14(1):59—88
10. B. UNDP (2004) Reducing disaster risk: a challenge for development
11. Chaulagain H, Rodrigues H, Silva V, Spacone E, Varum H (2015) Seismic risk assessment and hazard mapping in Nepal (in English) Nat Hazards, 78,1, pp 583-602
12. Shakya M, Kawan CK, Reconnaissance based damage survey of buildings in Kathmandu valley: an aftermath of 7.8 Mw, 25 April 2015 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake Eng Failure Anal 59, pp 161-1842016
13. Gautam D, Rodrigues H, Bhetwal KK, Neupane P, Sanada Y (2016) Common structural and construction deficiencies of Nepalese buildings Innovative...”
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