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“...HIMALAYA, the Journal of the
Association for Nepal and
Himalayan Studies
Volume 37 | Number 2
Article 12
December 2017
Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple
Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Austin Lord
Cornell University, al947(a>cornell.edu
Galen Murton
James Madison University, galen.murton(a)colorado.edu
Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya
Recommended Citation
Lord, Austin and Murton, Galen (2017) "Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal,"
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies: Vol. 37 : No. 2, Article 12.
Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol37/iss2/12
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
Macalester College
Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License.
This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the
DigitalCommons(2)Macalester College at DigitalCommons(2)Macalester
College. It...”
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“...Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple Engagement in Post-
Earthquake Nepal
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to all those who contributed to and supported the
work of Rasuwa Relief. First and foremost; we would like to acknowledge our founding team members at
Rasuwa Relief: Bob Beazley, Bikram Karki, Sneha Moktan, Arya Gautam, Prasiit Sthapit, Upasana Khadka,
and Lakpa Sherpa. This is an incredible group of people who volunteered hundreds of hours, and made
Rasuwa Relief possible. As our efforts evolved, many others joined our team and made important
contributions, particularly Nathaniel and Amanda Needham, Jennifer Bradley, Rabi Thapa, Johanna Fricke,
and Prakriti Yonzon. Our work with Rasuwa Relief prompted many meaningful collaborations with a variety
of different individuals and institutions. While there are perhaps too many to name, we would like to thank
DROKPA, Mojgone Azemun and Avaaz.org, Bodhi Garrett and Craig Lovell of WeHelpNepal...”
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“...Becoming Rasuwa Relief: Practices of Multiple
Engagement in Post-Earthquake Nepal
Austin Lord
Galen Murton
In this article, we reflect on the multiple
nature of our engagements in the wake of
the 7.8m earthquake that struck Nepal on
April 25th 2015. Specifically, we trace the
events, experiences, decisions, positions, and
processes that constituted our work with
a post-earthquake volunteer initiative we
helped to form, called Rasuwa Relief. Using
the concept of multiplicity (cf. Mol 2002),
we consider the uncertain process by which
Rasuwa Relief began to cohere, as a collective
of diverse efforts, interventions, projects,
and commitments, and how Rasuwa Relief
was continually and multiply enacted through
practices of engagement. As a collaborative
effort that coordinated and consolidated many
of our post-earthquake interventions over a
period of two years, Rasuwa Relief was always
in a state of becoming.
This process of becoming, we suggest, indexed
and informed the multiple ways that we...”
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“...beginning with the earthquake itself and the
confusion of the emergency phase, and following the
subsequent activities, decisions, and actions that shaped
two years of volunteer work with Rasuwa Relief. In our
analysis, we show how Rasuwa Relief was enacted in
everyday practice and through the shared labor of many
contributors. Throughout its existence, Rasuwa Relief was
used to coordinate not only different kinds of post-earth-
quake efforts but also “the activity of knowing” (Mol
2002: 50)—knowing the disaster, its effects, and our own
embedded role in the uncertain aftermath. Over time these
different enactments began to ‘hang together’ and Rasuwa
Relief began to cohere, and yet it remained fundamentally
multiple (Mol 2002: 55).2 Further, by working through and
with Rasuwa Relief—as ‘relief workers,’ academic research-
ers, and persons balancing a variety of different personal
relationships and commitments in Nepal—we also became
multiply engaged.
While this article serves to highlight...”
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“...humanitarianism. As early-career scholars of the
Himalayan region, and as people who were both present
during the earthquakes and their uncertain aftermath,
we draw from lessons learned as unlikely ‘humanitari-
ans’ trying to help while attending to our own neediness
(Malkki 2015). We struggled to navigate the uncertain
terrain of post-earthquake Nepal. We tried to help while
slowly learning how to do so, acting first based on a kind
of reflex and, later, more reflexively. While working with
Rasuwa Relief, we were constantly attempting to balance
a variety of commitments to diverse kinds of people,
places, principles, and positionalities: that is, we were
always multiple.
Uneven Narrations of Disaster
Disaster response efforts, humanitarian or otherwise, are
often shaped and adapted in relation to particular pat-
terns of ascertainment and narration, fueled by a sense of
urgency and rupture. In the aftermath of disaster, dif-
ferently positioned narrators seek to frame the disaster
and to reinterpret...”
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“...gather-
ing and sharing information on the phone and online,
responding to media inquiries, and attempting to answer
questions from embassies and families around the world
trying to locate missing people in the Langtang area.
Meanwhile, most of the 488 survivors from the Langtang
community shifted to a camp for Internally Displaced
Persons (iDPs) that had been established at the Phuntsok
Choeling Monastery near Swayambhunath in Kathmandu.
Austin and others made several visits to the camp to
provide relief materials and to talk with community
members. After less than 48 hours in Kathmandu, Austin,
grew frustrated with the uneven impacts and optics of the
disaster (cf. Shneiderman & Turin 2015; Nelson 2015) and
wrote the following statement on social media:
To be clear: Kathmandu is not just a pile of rubble.
Don’t believe the hype. Without dismissing the very
real needs of some people, the damage is remark-
ably, fortunately, and unexpectedly limited com-
pared with the possibilities and most ...”
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“...worked on determining the contours of the gaps
in Rasuwa, we began considering our own interventions
to help fill them. We reached out to a variety of contacts
involved in different kinds of disaster relief efforts, within
and beyond Nepal. In an attempt to better understand
the ‘information architecture’ (Raj & Gautam 2015) of the
disaster management complex, we began to attend a series
of informational and logistical meetings focused on coor-
dination, and conferred with a variety of other grassroots
initiatives and self-organizing ‘non-NGOs’ emerging in
Kathmandu. This included the Himalayan Disaster Relief
Volunteer Group (aka ‘Yellow House’), an eclectic yet effec-
tive group using social media connections to ‘hack’ the
disaster response, becoming one of the largest distributors
of relief materials in Nepal (Streep 2015). Another group
was Kathmandu Living Labs, who were using open-source
mapping software to coordinate both localized and global
humanitarian crisis informatics through...”
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“... with direct connections to specific areas of
Nepal comprised a significant share of relief distribution
(Tamang 2015).7
And so, in the first days of May 2015, we also gathered
with a small group of volunteers to discern the shape
of current needs, gather resources, and form a plan of
action. Describing ourselves as a ‘humanitarian volun-
teer initiative’—a framing carefully worded to signal
our non-professional orientation to the disaster—we
released our first public statement via social media. Like
many others who have found themselves at the frontiers
of disaster response in the 21st century, we launched a
crowd-funding campaign to support our initial efforts.
We had become a diverse collective of nine people [see
Acknowledgments], and we called ourselves Rasuwa Relief.
Disaster & Unevenness in Rasuwa
Heading upstream along the Trishuli River with our fellow
volunteers during our first major relief mission on May
10th, we could see that the impacts of the earthquake
and the unevenness...”
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“...engagement, and another
reminder that ‘relief work’ was not an abstract exercise.
And yet, we still felt in that moment—as we felt later else-
where in Rasuwa, in the IDP camps during the monsoon,
and at ceremonies for the dead held in Kathmandu and
Langtang—that our commitment to informed action and
to being co-present was an important ethical decision.
Furthermore, these firsthand experiences gained while
attempting to do ‘relief work’ had shown us that our situ-
ated knowledge of Rasuwa was valuable in multiple ways.
Put differently, we saw that an academically and ethno-
graphically informed understanding of post-earthquake
locations as more than just ‘dots on a map’ allowed us to
“act productively as brokers between multiple actors”
(Shneiderman 2015:1). Thus, as the terms of our volun-
Figure 3- At the time of the
73 magnitude earthquake
that struck on May 12,2015,
our team of volunteers was
in Rasuwa distributing solar
panels, tarps, and other relief
materials. Here two volunteers
watch...”
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“...forty-nine days after
the earthquake. This Tibetan
Buddhist monastery also served as
their displaced persons camp.
(Lord, 2015)
Figure 5- In October 2015, Rasuwa
Relief team members and
collaborators walk through the
upper part of Langtang village,
which was leveled by the blast
from the avalanche (visible in
the background). During this
trip, we conducted a detailed
damage assessment that would
help facilitate the process of
resettlement and reconstruction.
(Lord, 2015)
teerism began to change following the second earthquake,
we made a multiple commitment to continue our work,
amid and despite the confusion.
Engagement and Praxis in the Post-Earthquake
Landscape
For two years after the earthquake, we worked as Rasuwa
Relief on a variety of different projects—ranging from
interventions focused on immediate humanitarian relief
to collaborative community-based projects committed to
long-term recovery. This kind of sustained engagement,
always challenging and often frustrating, was informed...”
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“...Figure 6. Dindu Jangba stands at
the edges of the avalanche zone in
Langtang village in October 2015,
near the spot where his mother's
house used to be.
(Lord, 2015)
Figure 7. Roofing materials being
delivered to Kyanjin Gompa in
November 2015, used to repair
damaged homes and build
temporary shelters in advanced
of the winter months. Rasuwa
Relief worked with the Langtang
Management & Reconstruction
Committee and other NGOs to
coordinate these logistical aspects
of resettlement.
(Lord, 2015)
delivering 37 metric tons of shelter materials and food
stuffs to over 1,600 households in Rasuwa and providing
infrastructural support to eight different IDP camps in
Rasuwa and Kathmandu. Through this work, we gained
both an appreciation for the art of logistics and a cynicism
of bureaucratic simplifications of‘the last mile’ required
for distribution. We also learned a great deal about the
micropolitics of‘distribution’ and the need to manage
both a variety of differently formed expectations and...”
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“...n
Committee (LMRC)—a group of Langtangpa leaders tasked
with organizing the resettlement of the Langtang Valley
and seeking self-determination within the official process
of reconstruction. While Austin was honored to serve in
this role, he also felt unqualified at times and had to deny
requests for advice or support regarding certain sensitive
matters, like post-avalanche relocation.9 This involvement,
however, provided insight into the Langtangpa planning
process, which then allowed Rasuwa Relief to be more
precise in providing logistical support that would facilitate
the reconstruction process (i.e. trail clearance, restoring
local infrastructures, building storage facilities) and to
coordinate more effectively with partner organizations. As
a result, when the winter months ended in early 2016, the
LMRC was in a somewhat unique position to initiate their
own reconstruction efforts.10
As time went by, we began several other collaborative
projects focused on the social and cultural dimensions...”
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“... and intentionally to make certain
people, places, practices, processes, and pasts more visible
than others—to draw attention to certain needs still
unmet, like pervasive struggles with mental health, and
to explicate the complex process of reconstruction (and
its politics) to a broader international audience. These
attempts to promote informed and critical awareness,
however incomplete, were only possible because of the
multiple nature of our engagement.
Finally, on April 25th, 2017, Rasuwa Relief—which was
formed to fill gaps and designed to be a temporary volun-
teer initiative rather than an official NGO—was formally
closed. And yet, while this phase of our work has finished,
we remain engaged and committed, multiply.
On the Practice of Engaging Multiply
Our commitments are to making sense of the frus-
trations, the possibilities, the unknowns. (McGrana-
han 2015:1)
This article represents a preliminary attempt to consider
our own practices of post-disaster engagement and our
own multiple...”
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“...maintain, however, that
our proximity to specific communities and participation
in their response allowed us to form a more specific and
grounded critique of vague concepts like ‘transnational
humanitarianism’ (cf. Ticktin 2014) and ‘disaster capi-
talism’ (cf. Klein 2007) based on direct experiences and
encounters. Further, by reflecting upon our own imperfect
efforts in the post-disaster context, we have also high-
lighted the contingent and conjunctural dimensions of
post-disaster response and ‘relief work’ in a time of crisis
where “aid work and research seem like flecks of dust, at
best. And there is no right balance between distance and
proximity” (Malkki 2015: 73). While this account of our
process may not necessarily offer any neat models or solu-
tions, we hope that it provides a few examples of the ways
that scholars might contribute by engaging multiply in the
wake of disaster.
By critically reflecting on our own experiences in Nepal
through the writing of this paper, we have proposed...”
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“...to and supported the work of Rasuwa
Relief. First and foremost, we would like to acknowledge our
founding team members at Rasuwa Relief: Bob Beazley, Bikram
Karki, Sneha Moktan, Arya Gautam, Prasiit Sthapit, Upasana
Khadka, and Lakpa Sherpa. This is an incredible group of people
who volunteered hundreds of hours, and made Rasuwa Relief
possible. As our efforts evolved, many others joined our team and
made important contributions, particularly Nathaniel and Amanda
Needham, Jennifer Bradley, Rabi Thapa, Johanna Fricke, and
Prakriti Yonzon.
Our work with Rasuwa Relief prompted many meaningful
collaborations with a variety of different individuals and
institutions. While there are perhaps too many to name, we would
like to thank DROKPA, Mojgone Azemun and Avaaz.org, Bodhi
Garrett and Craig Lovell of WeHelpNepal, Temba Lama and all
the members of the Langtang Management & Reconstruction
Committee, NayanTara Kakshyapati Gurung and the Himalayan
Disaster Relief Volunteer Group, Amchi Tenjing Bista...”
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“...have not yet been recovered from the
Langtang avalanche zone.
6. For example, Tamang communities make up only
5.8% of Nepal’s population yet an estimated 34% of total
earthquake casualties were Tamang (Magar 2015). See also
Thapa (2015).
7. At this point in the ‘Emergency Phase,’ most large NGOs
were still establishing logistical supply chains (with the
exception of a few with air assets) and mobilizations by
the Nepalese state (with the exception of the Nepal Army,
which focused on search and rescue and evacuation
operations) remained limited.
8. Our term post-disaster taskscapes refers both to the
work of Appadurai (1990) and Ingold (1993), in the wake
of disaster, the landscape is re-animated by a variety
of tasks—this includes both a localized meshwork of
entangled tasks that seek to recover the temporality and
resonance of place (Ingold 1993) and pre-fabricated tasks
that circulated within a globally circulating humanitarian
‘scape’ populated by highly mobile disaster practitioners
...”
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“... The Conversation,
May 4, 2015. (accessed on November 30, 2016).
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Oliver-Smith, Anthony and Susana M. Hoffman, Eds. 1999.
The Angry Earth: Disaster in Anthropological Perspective.
London: Routledge.
Raj, Yogesh and Bhaskar Gautam. 2015. Courage in Chaos:
Early Rescue and Relief after the April Earthquake. Kathmandu:
Martin Chautari.
HIMALAYA Volume37,Number2 101...”
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“...Shneiderman, Sara. 2015. “Dots on the Map:”
Anthropological Locations and Responses to Nepal’s
Earthquakes. Hot Spots, Cultural Anthropology website,
October 14, 2015. (accessed on November
30, 2016).
Shneiderman, Sara and Mark Turin. 2015. Nepal’s Relief
Effort Must Reach the Rural Poor. The Globe and Mail, April
27, 2015.
Simpson, Edward. 2013. The Political Biography of an
Earthquake: Aftermath and Amnesia in Gujarat, India. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Stirrat, Jock. 2006. Competitive Humanitarianism:
Relief and the Tsunami in Sri Lanka. Anthropology
Today 22(5): 11-16.
Streep, Abe. 2015. Nepal’s Aid System is Broken. So These
Lifesavers Hacked It. Wired Magazine, May 13, 2015.
Tamang, Seira. 2015. Dangers of Resilience. The Kathmandu
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Thapa, Deepak. 2015. The Country is Yours. The Kathmandu
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