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1

“...ROBERT MORRISON MARSHALL BROOMHALL EDITORIAL SECRETARY, CHINA INLAND MISSION AUTHOR OF Iilam in Chinn, Pioneer Work in Hunan, In Quest of God, Faith and Facto, etc. us ipxiT^KTwv fopAiOV T<0INLAND MISSION LONDON, PHILADELPHIA, TORONTO MELBOURNE and SHANGHAI 1924...”
2

“...without the music of the Gospel story; there are millions of Chinese Moslems for whom practically nothing has been done; and there is yet unlimited scope for fellowship and camaraderie with the Chinese leaders in the older and more developed stations. May this story of the labours of an un- daunted master-builder stir the Christian Church anew to fresh effort to complete the enterprise and to “ bring forth the headstone with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it.” MARSHALL BROOMHALL China Inland Mission, London January lftth, 1924...”
3

“...CONTENTS PAGH Author’s Preface ...... ix Table of Dates . . . . . . xv CHAP. I. The Great Closed Land ... 1 II. A Great Tradition and a Little Child ...... 6 III. The Hidden Man of the Heart . 14 IV. High Employ......................22 V. The Call of China .... 27 VI. The Voyage . . . . . 85 VII. Old Canton ..... 41 VIII. Facing Life’s Task .... 51 IX. Some Momentous Decisions . . 60 X. Overlapping Extraordinary . . 69 XI. A Colleague at Last ... 74 XII. The Ultra-Ganges Mission . . 81 XIII. Dismissed but Indispensable . . 86 XIV. Lonely and in Constant Appre- hension ...... 98 XV. An Iona in the East . . .110 xiii...”
4

“...copies of the Acts of the Apostles in Chinese 1811 Translated St Luke’s Gospel. Completed Chinese Grammar 1812 Chinese Edict forbidding the printing of books in Chinese on the Christian religion 1813 Mr and Mrs WiUiain Milne reached Macao Morrison completed translation of the New Testament 1814 Tour of the Malay Archipelago by Milne Morrison’s first convert, Tsae A-ko, baptized 1815 Mrs Morrison and children sailed for England Mr and Mrs Milne sailed for Malacca to commence the Ultra- Ganges Mission Battle of Waterloo...”
5

“...warlike Gurkhas compelled to acknowledge the sovereignty of China. Such was the situation in that great closed land towards the end of the eighteenth century. If the brief glory of Kublai Khan the Mongol be excepted, China’s sway had never been so extensive and complete, yet was she more determined than ever to bar her doors against the barbarians from afar. For merchant or missionary to stand outside and knock at those closed gates was humiliating and at times exasperating. Hitherto no Protestant mission- ary had attempted it. But the day for advance had dawned, and it is the purport of these pages to tell the story of the man who heard and responded to a call which demanded dauntless resolution and eternal patience....”
6

“...twenty-first birthday. The next day found him installed in Hoxton Academy under the care of the Revs. Dr Simpson and W. Atkinson. The thoroughness of his previous studies was soon appreciated, and by intense application he speedily surpassed more advanced students. Active Christian work was combined with his studies, for he preached in the villages around London under the London Itinerant Society. During his two years1 residence at Hoxton he became increasingly impressed with the claims of the mission field, though at the same time he was under constant pressure from his people in New- castle to return home. Jesus [he writes], I have given myself up to Thy service. The question with me is, where shall I serve Thee ? I learn from Thy Word that it is Thy holy pleasure that the Gospel shall be preached in all the world. . . . My desire is, O Lord, to engage where labourers are most wanted. Perhaps one part of the field is more difficult than another. I am equally unfit for any . . . but through...”
7

“...station in England I should consider a bar to my setting out for Macao or Canton as a missionary of our Society, to devote the rest of my days to the propagation of the Gospel in China. I recommend this subject, my dear Sir, to your serious consideration. Whether Dr Moseley could have gone himself or not we do not know, but he certainly did not abate his interest or activities. Although disappointed in the inability of three societies to proceed with his proposal, he was gladdened by the London Mission- ary Society’s resolve to look out for a suitable person...”
8

“...The Call of China 3i or persons to proceed to China,1 and was soon brought into touch with the man upon whom their choice fell. Morrison’s solid gifts and persevering industry as a student at Gosport almost immediately impressed Dr Bogue with his fitness for the proposed mission to China. A few months later, despite his love for Africa, we find Morrison writing to a friend urging him to become his colleague in this service : I wish I could persuade you to accompany me. Take into account the three hundred and fifty millions of souls in China who have not the means of knowing Jesus Christ as Saviour. Think seriously of your obligations to Jesus. Pray the matter over before God and send me, as soon as is proper, the result. A month later he wrote again : The undertaking is arduous, my brother, and I seriously entreat you to count the cost. Many among the Chinese are highly refined and well informed ; they will not be beneath us but superior. The Romish missionaries will be our bitterest foes...”
9

“...hardly walk across the room. Of his books he was more careful than of himself. On his arrival he had exercised the greatest pre- cautions in the removal of his Chinese papers and books from the ship to the Factory, lest the officials should learn the object of his coming. And though he denied himself many necessary comforts, he refused to be parsimonious in securing a library. The coat which served me on my passage [he wrote] serves me still, but on things that relate to the fulfilling of my mission I have been more liberal. Not knowing how long I may be permitted to continue here, I have purchased a few Chinese books, papers and pencils, etc. The first of these cannot be obtained but by stealth . . . I have now secured between four and five hundred volumes on language, religion, philosophy, medicine, their code of laws and history. It was not long before he wrote again to say that he had secured one thousand two hundred and twenty-nine volumes. He knew that the Chinese who purchased these...”
10

“...64 Robert Morrison troubles occasioned by the Government here. It is my heart’s wish to go away to a more comfortable residence, where freedom may be given to communicate fully and publicly the Good Tidings. I have a strong impression in my mind that Java would be a better place than this for our Mission. Direct us, O Lord, and help us to put our trust in Thee. Though on principle Morrison avoided reference in his letters to the nature of his official duties— regarding these as confidential—there is sufficient to indicate that they were frequently of a delicate and difficult character. With the knowledge that the directors of the East India Company at home were not friendly, and with the criticisms to which he was subjected by many of the Company’s servants in Canton, as well as the hostile attitude of the Chinese Government, it required unusual dogged determination to continue at his post. But, to use his own words, he “ plodded on,” having, as Milne testified, “ the patience that refuses...”
11

“...and when he received a copy of the sermon preached by Henry Martyn at Calcutta—in which great sermon Martyn had stated “ Asia must be our care ”—Morrison actually obtained subscriptions from the English residents at Macao to the amount of two hundred and eighty-five dollars, which he forwarded to the treasurer of the Calcutta Auxiliary Bible Society. Through these early years there had been gradu- ally maturing in his mind that thought which ultimately led to the formation of the Ultra-Ganges Mission, to which we shall refer in a subsequent chapter. He even looked further ahead, and had a vision of developments which were only to be appreciated many years later: I wish that we had an institution at Malacca for the B...”
12

“... but ignorant and dishonest man. Morrison, therefore, sought to discuss this matter with the Serampore group, and was perplexed at their silence. On June Sth, 1808, he wrote : I have not heard from Serampore though I have written again and again. Either letters have mis- carried or the brethren have chosen what some would deem a prudential silence. It is perhaps impossible at this distance of time to estimate with perfect justice all the elements in this problem. The officials of the London Mission- ary Society wrote to Morrison to comfort him, saying, “ We neither of us strive for the mastery nor the fame in this matter,” but at the same time sent a strong protest to Carey and his colleagues.1 The rivalry, however, between Morrison in his lonely station at Canton and Marshman with his colleagues at Serampore continued. For fifteen years Marshman, with the most rigid economy of 1 See and Times of Carey, Marshman and Ward, by John C. Marshman, Vol. I., page 396....”
13

“...Morrison scarcely conceive how any foreigner can feel sure of having attained the true spirit and idiom of the language without having that ready and constant access to the natives which a residence in the country can alone afford. And John Clark Marshman, in his official history of the Serampore Mission, writes thus of his father’s work: The translation was necessarily imperfect: indeed, considering the great disadvantages under which it was executed, it could not have been otherwise, and it is now valuable chiefly as a memorial of his missionary zeal and his literary perseverance. ... At this distance of time, and on an impartial review of the circumstances and wants of the Serampore Mission, the appropriation of Mr Marshman’s strength to a distant object of doubtful expediency cannot be regarded without some feelings of regret,1 No one, however, can fail to admire the zeal and unwearied perseverance that Marshman exhibited, although the unwisdom of pursuing his task when Morrison was...”
14

“...CHAPTER XI A COLLEAGUE AT LAST The Romanists reproach the Protestants that their ministers have no Mission, as not being authorized in their ministry either by an uninterrupted succession from the Apostles, or by miracles or by any extraordinary proof of a vocation. Many among us deny any other Mission necessary for the ministry than the talents necessary to discharge it. . . . Knowledge of any science constitutes a right to teach it, and why the communication of Christian science should be fettered by any other conditions is not easy to comprehend.— Robert Morrison. The earnest and repeated requests for a colleague which Morrison sent home to the directors of his Society received from the first sympathetic con- sideration, and William Milne, a young student of Gosport, was early marked out by Dr Bogue as the man best suited for this post. Milne, who was two or three years Morrison’s junior, was born in the parish of Kennethmont in Aberdeenshire in 1785, and lost his father at the early...”
15

“...8o Robert Morrison friendship. In a new and pressing way the need for a Mission settlement forced itself upon the two pioneers, and shortly after this, the whole ques- tion of future residence became the most urgent of problems....”
16

“...CHAPTER XII THE ULTRA-GANGES MISSION It has long been my wish to form a central Home beyond the Ganges, for teachers and preachers; from whence some of the number may go forth occasionally on missionary tours, two and two, perhaps an European and a native disciple together; and when they have finished their tour, let them return to refresh their minds and re-establish their health, and attend to studies to fit them for new stations, as they may be discovered or present themselves.—Robert Morrison. Though Morrison felt it utterly unreasonable of the Portuguese authorities to refuse hospitality to a British subject when Britain, under Wellington, was shedding her blood and spending her treasure to preserve the integrity of Portugal, the hostility of the Roman Catholics at Macao was such that all hope of a settlement there had to be abandoned. In considering the problems involved, a broader view than securing a residence for Milne was dis- cussed. Morrison himself was by no means satisfied...”
17

“...82 Robert Morrison Although Morrison could delay decision as to his future sphere, prompt action was necessary for Milne. It was therefore decided, early in 1814, that Milne should make a tour through the chief Chinese settlements in the Malay Archipelago to distribute the New Testament among the Chinese settlers, and secure a residence for the whole or part of the China Mission. Morrison had already completed the trans- lation of the New Testament, concerning which he makes the following reference in his diary on the last day of 1813 : I bless the Lord that this year the New Testament has been completed in Chinese and is now nearly all printed. Oh, that it may be the means of great good. Lord, own it as Thine own Word. For the purposes of Milne’s journey two thousand copies of the New Testament, ten thousand tracts, and five thousand copies of a Catechism were printed. Concerning this work Morrison wrote, “ We are often concerned lest a disclosure should prevent the accomplishment of our...”
18

“...The Ultra-Ganges Mission 83 the very outset he was nearly captured by a Chinese war junk; at Batavia the vessel in which he had sailed sank in the Roads a few hours after he landed ; and he did not escape attacks of fever and ague. But he received the most handsome assistance and encouragement from the Honourable Sir Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Java, who not only granted him all possible facilities, but furnished him with letters of introduction to British officers and native princes. At Malacca also Colonel Farquhar, the Resident, showed himself a warm friend to all his undertakings. It was during Milne’s absence that Morrison had the great joy of baptizing his first convert, the first- fruits of Protestant Missions in China. This convert was a man named Tsae A-ko, who had been brought into contact with Morrison during his first year in China and later had been employed in putting the New Testament through the press. This joyous event must be recorded in Morrison’s own language...”
19

“...Jerusalem of our Ultra-Ganges Mission else- where. We want a headquarters at which to meet and consult, from which to commission persons to go forth on every hand,—a home to which to retire in case of sickness or declining years. We want, if it be in the course of Divine Providence attainable, a school for the instruction of Native and European youths, for the recep- tion and initiation of young missionaries from Europe. . . , There we shall have our Chinese College, and our Ultra-Ganges Mission press. ... I pant so much for liberty to declare freely the unsearchable riches of Christ, and to teach fully the doctrines of the Christian religion, that I have often felt a wish to quit my present station, and seek one less restricted. The plans for this Ultra-Ganges Mission were submitted to the directors of the Society at home, and may be epitomized as follows : I. That the present state of China is such as renders printing, and several other labours connected with our mission, very difficult; and even...”
20

“...his un- divided attention to translation, the second member of the Mission shall engage in translating some parts of the Old Testament—thus uniting their labours till the whole version be completed. It is not within the scope of this biography to follow in detail the developments of this Ultra- Ganges Mission, which fulfilled a most useful function until the opening of China brought this preparatory effort to its natural close. In Malacca, Java and Amboyna, in Penang and Singapore, valuable work was accomplished by such men as Medhurst, Legge, S. Dyer (father of the first Mrs Hudson Taylor), and others, some of whom were spared to render long and great service to the cause of God in China when that country was opened to the Gospel....”