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1

“...ROBERT MORRISON MARSHALL BROOMHALL EDITORIAL SECRETARY, CHINA INLAND MISSION AUTHOR OF Iilam in Chinn, Pioneer Work in Hunan, In Quest of God, Faith and Facto, etc. us ipxiT^KTwv fopAiOV T<0CHINA INLAND MISSION LONDON, PHILADELPHIA, TORONTO MELBOURNE and SHANGHAI 1924...”
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“...missionaries who through untold difficulties have blazed the way and laid down the foundation of a great structure for national evangelization, and for the Christian Churches in the West through whose faithful support the missionary work has been developed and attained its present growth.” ’* We Chinese Christians declare that we have the commission from the Head of the Church, Jesus Christ, to proclaim the Gospel to every creature.” We confidently hope that the time will soon come when the Church of China will repay in part for that which she has bountifully received from her mother Churches in the West, the loving tributes of the daughter—contributions in thought, life and achievement for the enrichment of the Church catholic.” From The Message of the. Church, The Report of Commission III of the National Christian Conference, which Commission was composed of Chinese Christians only, with Dr Cheng Ching-yi as Chairman. viii...”
3

“...is forgotten ” wrote Robert Morrison in a fit of depression. To him in his lonely post it seemed so, but the statement is not true for all time. The pioneer, like the prophet, may be despised or even slain by his contemporaries, but posterity will build his tomb. In Morrison’s case he lived to be honoured beyond most missionaries, and time has only added lustre to his name. It is fitting that his life and work should be again recalled, for a new and promising chapter in the evangelization of China has commenced. The Chris- tian Church which Morrison set forth to found in the land of Sinim has lately claimed the right to administer her own affairs where able to do so. The great gulf between a land with no followers of Christ —we speak of the Protestant Church alone—and a land with a Church strong enough to desire self- government, has, thank God, been bridged. On the one side of that great span stands Morrison, the dauntless master-builder, and on the other side the first National Christian...”
4

“...Presbyterian of August 28th, 1918, by Mr R. S. Robson of the Presbyterian His- torical Society of England, resident in Newcastle, to whom the writer is indebted for this and other aid gladly given. For the setting and background the writer has enjoyed a residence of more than ten years in China, a brief stay in Canton and neighbourhood, and a fairly close acquaintance with the needful literature. No attempt has been made to indicate by foot- notes the writer’s many obligations, though some authorities have been named where this seemed called for. The story has of necessity been told from a western standpoint, for it is the life of a westerner whose trials and difficulties largely arose from the antagonism of China to any world but her own. It is freely acknowledged that there is a mutual...”
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“...are millions of Chinese Moslems for whom practically nothing has been done; and there is yet unlimited scope for fellowship and camaraderie with the Chinese leaders in the older and more developed stations. May this story of the labours of an un- daunted master-builder stir the Christian Church anew to fresh effort to complete the enterprise and to “ bring forth the headstone with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it.” MARSHALL BROOMHALL China Inland Mission, London January lftth, 1924...”
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“...CONTENTS PAGH Author’s Preface ...... ix Table of Dates . . . . . . xv CHAP. I. The Great Closed Land ... 1 II. A Great Tradition and a Little Child ...... 6 III. The Hidden Man of the Heart . 14 IV. High Employ......................22 V. The Call of China .... 27 VI. The Voyage . . . . . 85 VII. Old Canton ..... 41 VIII. Facing Life’s Task .... 51 IX. Some Momentous Decisions . . 60 X. Overlapping Extraordinary . . 69 XI. A Colleague at Last ... 74 XII. The Ultra-Ganges Mission . . 81 XIII. Dismissed but Indispensable . . 86 XIV. Lonely and in Constant Appre- hension ...... 98 XV. An Iona in the East . . .110 xiii...”
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“...Newcastle Birth of William Milne 1789 French Revolution. Fall of Bastille 1798. 7?o6eri Morrison joined Church in Newcastle Dr Moseley urged translation of the Scriptures into Chinese 1802 Morrison applied to Hozton Academy as a candidate for the Ministry 1803 Reached London for residence at Hoxton Academy 1804 Applied to London Missionary Society. Entered the Missionary Academy at Gospor 1805 Settled in London for the study of medicine, astronomy and Chinese Battle of Trafalgar 1807 Sailed for China. Reached Canton September 1th 1808 Rented the French Factory in Canton 1809 Married to Miss Mary Morton at Macao. Appointed Chinese Translator to East India Company's Factory 1810 Printed one thousand copies of the Acts of the Apostles in Chinese 1811 Translated St Luke’s Gospel. Completed Chinese Grammar 1812 Chinese Edict forbidding the printing of books in Chinese on the Christian religion 1813 Mr and Mrs WiUiain Milne reached Macao Morrison completed translation of the New Testament 1814 Tour...”
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“...of the Old and New Testaments Mrs Morrison and children returned to Macao Death of Mrs Morrison Death of WiUiam Milne Fire of Canton ; East India Company’s Factory destroyed Morrison arrived in England for first and only furlough. Married Miss Elizabeth Armstrong Returned to China Founding of “ The Canton Register.” Morrison appealed to America for reinforcements Arrival of Rev. E. C. Bridgman and Rev. D. Abeel Journeys of Rev. Charles Gutzlaff commenced Arrival of Rev. Edward Stevens Morrison forbidden use of press at Macao Arrival of Rev. S. 'Wells-Williams and Rev. I. Tracey Departure of Mrs Morrison and family to England Lord Napier appointed Superintendent of British trade in China Lord Napier arrived in China Death of Morrison and of Lord Napier...”
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“... there- fore, live in peace and friendship, and do not make light of my words.—Emperor K'ien Lung to King George III., a.d. 1793. “ O rock, rock, rock 1 when wilt thou open to my Lord ? ” Thus cried Valignani, the Italian super- intendent of the Jesuit Missions to the East, as he gazed towards China ere he died at Macao in 1606. Half a century earlier, Francis Xavier, with the same burden on his heart, had expired in a miserable hut on an island off the mainland of that vast empire, unable to reach Canton. China’s gates were firmly closed against the world. Shut in by the massive mountains of Tibet on the west, by the Gobi desert on the north, and by the mighty deep upon the east and south, China had with comparative ease pursued her policy of exclu- sion. The Great Wall with its fifteen hundred miles of ramparts, built for additional security on the A...”
10

“...affectation ” that it well deserves quotation : The sovereigns [Ferdinand and Isabella] have heard that he [the Great Khan] and his subjects entertain great love for them and for Spain. They are moreover informed that he and his subjects very much wish to hear news from Spain, and send, therefore, their admiral, Christopher Columbus, who will tell them that they are in good health and perfect prosperity.—Granada, April 30, 1492. Queen Elizabeth also sent a letter of introduction to the Emperor of China with the first English expedition which set forth to that distant land. In an old translation of the Latin original of this docu- ment wre read of her request for the merchants of the City of London, that: when they shall come for traffique’s sake unto any of the stations, ports, towns or cities of your empire, they...”
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“...little isle. The expedition, however, perished at sea and England was saved from an invasion ! The Portuguese were the first European nation, after the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope in 1498, to open up trade with China. They were followed by the Dutch, then by the British East India Company about forty years after the ill-fated expedition mentioned above. Incidentally it may be mentioned that an Englishwoman was probably the first British subject to visit China. Travelling as a maidservant in a vessel bound for Japan, twenty years before the East India Company commenced its trade at Canton, she was saved from a wreck on the China coast, where shortly afterwards she was happily married to a Portuguese merchant. Of the restrictions and humiliations under which trade with China was conducted in those days this is not the place to speak. One early writer likened the position of the Europeans at Canton to that of the inmates of a zoological garden, so cabined and...”
12

“...following Chinese rule for dealing with traders from beyond the seas : The barbarians are like beasts and are not to be ruled on the same principle as citizens. Were anyone to attempt controlling them by the great maxims of reason it would tend to nothing but confusion. The ancient kings well understood this and accordingly ruled bar- barians by misrule; therefore to rule barbarians by misrule is the true and best way of ruling them. It was not until the Tientsin Treaty was signed in 1858 that China agreed—in Article 51 of that Treaty —that henceforth the Chinese character for barbarian should not be applied to the Government or subjects of the British Empire in any official document issued by the Chinese authorities. One well-known incident may be recorded by way of illustrating China’s resentment of foreign intru- sion. In 1759, Mr Flint, a distinguished servant of the East India Company, and more daring than his fellows, ventured north as far as Tientsin in a Chinese junk, and there persuaded...”
13

“...The Great Closed Land 5 annexed ; Burma had been defeated and become tributary; and even Nepal, separated from China by the almost impassable Tibetan Alps and Himalayas, had been invaded by Chinese troops, and the warlike Gurkhas compelled to acknowledge the sovereignty of China. Such was the situation in that great closed land towards the end of the eighteenth century. If the brief glory of Kublai Khan the Mongol be excepted, China’s sway had never been so extensive and complete, yet was she more determined than ever to bar her doors against the barbarians from afar. For merchant or missionary to stand outside and knock at those closed gates was humiliating and at times exasperating. Hitherto no Protestant mission- ary had attempted it. But the day for advance had dawned, and it is the purport of these pages to tell the story of the man who heard and responded to a call which demanded dauntless resolution and eternal patience....”
14

“...the love of espousals.” Almost immediately Robert joined his father’s church and became a member of a Praying Society, which met every Monday evening in his father’s workshop. He also formed a close friendship with another youth residing at Shields, with whom he met almost daily for reading, devotional conversa- tion, and visiting the sick. He also set himself seriously to study, mastered a system of shorthand, and commenced a diary which he continued with one brief break until he sailed for China. From this source may be learned not only his ways of life but what manner of man he was. In manual labour he toiled from twelve to fourteen hours a day, generally with his Bible or some other book before him, and that he might pursue his studies undisturbed into the early hours of the morning he removed his bed into the work- shop, which was situated in an entry, now known as Morrison’s Court, leading off the Groat Market....”
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“...desponding views, especially of himself and his attainments ” ; while the great John Angell James, another fellow-student, said of him, “ He was a remarkable man while at college, studious beyond most others, grave almost to gloom, abstracted, somewhat morose, but evi- dently absorbed in the contemplation of the great object which seemed to be ever swelling into more awful magnitude and grandeur the nearer he approached it.” For fourteen months Morrison continued at Gos- port, with both Africa and China upon his heart as possible fields of service. His first predilections...”
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“...26 Robert Morrison were for Africa, with Timbuktu as his objective. He had hoped to join Mungo Park in what proved to be his second and ill-fated expedition up the Niger, but happily was spared this calamity; and a combination of providential leadings indicated China as God’s appointed field....”
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“...CHAPTER V THE CALL OF CHINA England’s king has many affairs in foreign lands, commercial, political and martial ; and it would be England’s disgrace if she could find no able and enlightened men and veteran servants to engage in these important missions. And Zion’s King has important affairs in all lands ; embassies of pardoning mercy to the guilty, of peace to the bitterest enemies ; of salvation to perishing sinners ; of conflict with the powers of darkness where Satan and idols are enthroned ; and it is the disgrace of our Zion that she sends not some of the ablest and wisest and holiest of her servants. —Robert Morrison. In the same year as young Morrison in Newcastle joined the Christian Church, a dissenting minister in Northamptonshire, the Rev. William Moseley, was feeling the burden of the spiritual needs of China. He was a man of boundless energy, attracted by seemingly impossible tasks and impervious to dis- couragement. Six years to a day before the founding of the British and...”
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“...The Call of China 29 less determined men. The correspondence on this subject, full of varied interests, is not devoid of humour. The Bishop of Salisbury, for instance, writing from Windsor Castle under date of January 7th, 1801, thanked him for his Memoir which he had “ perused with care,” and then added : “You are not aware that letters weighing above one ounce are charged with postage: mine cost me seven shillings and elevenpence.” The Bishop, in spite of this provocation, still signed himself, “ Your faithful humble servant ” ! The Bishop of Durham reluctantly felt compelled to withhold support “ on the ground of the two following insurmountable difficulties : 1. The expense, which exceeds all means of supplying; 2. The utter impossibility of introducing and dispersing the books in China, but through the Popish Bishops.” Dr Moseley, however, brought the matter in person before the newly-formed Church Missionary Society, which in its first Report devoted no fewer than eleven pages to...”
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“...Morrison of Durham’s letter. The British and Foreign Bible Society, which had just been formed, now gave it their careful consideration, but they also could do nothing and were obliged to write, “ If a Missionary Society should fix missionaries in China, a rational method would suggest itself of conducting the business of the manuscript.” As early as 1800, four years before the Bible Society’s answer, a copy of the Memoir had come into the hands of Dr Bogue at Gosport. Being deeply impressed by the importance of the subject, he wrote to Dr Moseley: Your Memoir remained some months in London and found its way to me but lately. I return you many thanks for it. I have read it with much pleasure, and most cordially unite with you in considering China as the first field of missions in the world . . . I hope your zeal in directing the attention of the disciples of Jesus to this subject will be attended with the best effects. It will give me pleasure to do anything in my power to second your views...”
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“...The Call of China 3i or persons to proceed to China,1 and was soon brought into touch with the man upon whom their choice fell. Morrison’s solid gifts and persevering industry as a student at Gosport almost immediately impressed Dr Bogue with his fitness for the proposed mission to China. A few months later, despite his love for Africa, we find Morrison writing to a friend urging him to become his colleague in this service : I wish I could persuade you to accompany me. Take into account the three hundred and fifty millions of souls in China who have not the means of knowing Jesus Christ as Saviour. Think seriously of your obligations to Jesus. Pray the matter over before God and send me, as soon as is proper, the result. A month later he wrote again : The undertaking is arduous, my brother, and I seriously entreat you to count the cost. Many among the Chinese are highly refined and well informed ; they will not be beneath us but superior. The Romish missionaries will be our bitterest foes...”