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1

“...ROBERT MORRISON MARSHALL BROOMHALL EDITORIAL SECRETARY, CHINA INLAND MISSION AUTHOR OF Iilam in Chinn, Pioneer Work in Hunan, In Quest of God, Faith and Facto, etc. us ipxiT^KTwv fopAiOV T<0CHINA INLAND MISSION LONDON, PHILADELPHIA, TORONTO MELBOURNE and SHANGHAI 1924...”
2

“...are millions of Chinese Moslems for whom practically nothing has been done; and there is yet unlimited scope for fellowship and camaraderie with the Chinese leaders in the older and more developed stations. May this story of the labours of an un- daunted master-builder stir the Christian Church anew to fresh effort to complete the enterprise and to “ bring forth the headstone with shoutings, crying, Grace, grace unto it.” MARSHALL BROOMHALL China Inland Mission, London January lftth, 1924...”
3

“...CONTENTS PAGH Author’s Preface ...... ix Table of Dates . . . . . . xv CHAP. I. The Great Closed Land ... 1 II. A Great Tradition and a Little Child ...... 6 III. The Hidden Man of the Heart . 14 IV. High Employ......................22 V. The Call of China .... 27 VI. The Voyage . . . . . 85 VII. Old Canton ..... 41 VIII. Facing Life’s Task .... 51 IX. Some Momentous Decisions . . 60 X. Overlapping Extraordinary . . 69 XI. A Colleague at Last ... 74 XII. The Ultra-Ganges Mission . . 81 XIII. Dismissed but Indispensable . . 86 XIV. Lonely and in Constant Appre- hension ...... 98 XV. An Iona in the East . . .110 xiii...”
4

“...Entered the Missionary Academy at Gospor 1805 Settled in London for the study of medicine, astronomy and Chinese Battle of Trafalgar 1807 Sailed for China. Reached Canton September 1th 1808 Rented the French Factory in Canton 1809 Married to Miss Mary Morton at Macao. Appointed Chinese Translator to East India Company's Factory 1810 Printed one thousand copies of the Acts of the Apostles in Chinese 1811 Translated St Luke’s Gospel. Completed Chinese Grammar 1812 Chinese Edict forbidding the printing of books in Chinese on the Christian religion 1813 Mr and Mrs WiUiain Milne reached Macao Morrison completed translation of the New Testament 1814 Tour of the Malay Archipelago by Milne Morrison’s first convert, Tsae A-ko, baptized 1815 Mrs Morrison and children sailed for England Mr and Mrs Milne sailed for Malacca to commence the Ultra- Ganges Mission Battle of Waterloo...”
5

“...The Great Closed Land 5 annexed ; Burma had been defeated and become tributary; and even Nepal, separated from China by the almost impassable Tibetan Alps and Himalayas, had been invaded by Chinese troops, and the warlike Gurkhas compelled to acknowledge the sovereignty of China. Such was the situation in that great closed land towards the end of the eighteenth century. If the brief glory of Kublai Khan the Mongol be excepted, China’s sway had never been so extensive and complete, yet was she more determined than ever to bar her doors against the barbarians from afar. For merchant or missionary to stand outside and knock at those closed gates was humiliating and at times exasperating. Hitherto no Protestant mission- ary had attempted it. But the day for advance had dawned, and it is the purport of these pages to tell the story of the man who heard and responded to a call which demanded dauntless resolution and eternal patience....”
6

“...views . . . But I think something more than wrhat you propose is needful to be done. If I were as young as you are I know of no station in England I should consider a bar to my setting out for Macao or Canton as a missionary of our Society, to devote the rest of my days to the propagation of the Gospel in China. I recommend this subject, my dear Sir, to your serious consideration. Whether Dr Moseley could have gone himself or not we do not know, but he certainly did not abate his interest or activities. Although disappointed in the inability of three societies to proceed with his proposal, he was gladdened by the London Mission- ary Society’s resolve to look out for a suitable person...”
7

“...The Call of China 3i or persons to proceed to China,1 and was soon brought into touch with the man upon whom their choice fell. Morrison’s solid gifts and persevering industry as a student at Gosport almost immediately impressed Dr Bogue with his fitness for the proposed mission to China. A few months later, despite his love for Africa, we find Morrison writing to a friend urging him to become his colleague in this service : I wish I could persuade you to accompany me. Take into account the three hundred and fifty millions of souls in China who have not the means of knowing Jesus Christ as Saviour. Think seriously of your obligations to Jesus. Pray the matter over before God and send me, as soon as is proper, the result. A month later he wrote again : The undertaking is arduous, my brother, and I seriously entreat you to count the cost. Many among the Chinese are highly refined and well informed ; they will not be beneath us but superior. The Romish missionaries will be our bitterest foes...”
8

“...breadth of Morrison’s outlook is remark- able. Not only does he ask the directors of his own Society to keep him informed of the progress of the missionary enterprise in other parts of the world, but he is dreaming and scheming and advising for the development of missions in Asia, somewhat after the manner of the famous pioneers at Serampore. I wonder [he writes home] that you have not sent a missionary to Prince of Wales Island. Do think of it. Make it as it was once called, a stepping stone to China....”
9

“...Cochin China ? There would not be the same national and political objections to them as there are to the English. . . . Christianity is in its spirit the religion of the world. It buries national prejudices, and the more it is understood, believed and loved, the more rapidly will it unite all men in each country, and the men of each country as brethren. He rejoiced to hear from home that Mr Adoniram Judson, with other American students, was devoting himself to missionary work in the East; and when he received a copy of the sermon preached by Henry Martyn at Calcutta—in which great sermon Martyn had stated “ Asia must be our care ”—Morrison actually obtained subscriptions from the English residents at Macao to the amount of two hundred and eighty-five dollars, which he forwarded to the treasurer of the Calcutta Auxiliary Bible Society. Through these early years there had been gradu- ally maturing in his mind that thought which ultimately led to the formation of the Ultra-Ganges Mission, to...”
10

“...82 Robert Morrison Although Morrison could delay decision as to his future sphere, prompt action was necessary for Milne. It was therefore decided, early in 1814, that Milne should make a tour through the chief Chinese settlements in the Malay Archipelago to distribute the New Testament among the Chinese settlers, and secure a residence for the whole or part of the China Mission. Morrison had already completed the trans- lation of the New Testament, concerning which he makes the following reference in his diary on the last day of 1813 : I bless the Lord that this year the New Testament has been completed in Chinese and is now nearly all printed. Oh, that it may be the means of great good. Lord, own it as Thine own Word. For the purposes of Milne’s journey two thousand copies of the New Testament, ten thousand tracts, and five thousand copies of a Catechism were printed. Concerning this work Morrison wrote, “ We are often concerned lest a disclosure should prevent the accomplishment of our...”
11

“...The Ultra-Ganges Mission 83 the very outset he was nearly captured by a Chinese war junk; at Batavia the vessel in which he had sailed sank in the Roads a few hours after he landed ; and he did not escape attacks of fever and ague. But he received the most handsome assistance and encouragement from the Honourable Sir Stamford Raffles, Lieutenant-Governor of Java, who not only granted him all possible facilities, but furnished him with letters of introduction to British officers and native princes. At Malacca also Colonel Farquhar, the Resident, showed himself a warm friend to all his undertakings. It was during Milne’s absence that Morrison had the great joy of baptizing his first convert, the first- fruits of Protestant Missions in China. This convert was a man named Tsae A-ko, who had been brought into contact with Morrison during his first year in China and later had been employed in putting the New Testament through the press. This joyous event must be recorded in Morrison’s own language...”
12

“...the directors of the Society at home, and may be epitomized as follows : I. That the present state of China is such as renders printing, and several other labours connected with our mission, very difficult; and even personal residence uncertain. It is desirable, therefore, to obtain a station under some European Protestant government, near to China, where the chief seat of our Chinese Mission may be fixed. II. That on Mr Milne’s arrival at Malacca, an attempt be made to obtain, by grant or by purchase, a plot of ground, which shall be the property of the Mission. III. That the establishment of a Chinese Free School be attempted as early as possible....”
13

“...his un- divided attention to translation, the second member of the Mission shall engage in translating some parts of the Old Testament—thus uniting their labours till the whole version be completed. It is not within the scope of this biography to follow in detail the developments of this Ultra- Ganges Mission, which fulfilled a most useful function until the opening of China brought this preparatory effort to its natural close. In Malacca, Java and Amboyna, in Penang and Singapore, valuable work was accomplished by such men as Medhurst, Legge, S. Dyer (father of the first Mrs Hudson Taylor), and others, some of whom were spared to render long and great service to the cause of God in China when that country was opened to the Gospel....”
14

“... of the man who devised the scheme, as the following extracts from the College deed reveal: Anglo-Chinese College Deed I, Robert Morrison, D.D. of the University of Glasgow, having been sent to China in the year of our Lord 1807, by a Society of Christians meeting in London and com- posed of members of various British Churches, for the purpose of learning the Chinese language, rendering the Sacred Scriptures into the said tongue, and composing an English-Chinese Dictionary, with the ulterior view of the diffusion of the Christian religion in China and the extra-Ganges nations; and having in the year 1818 nearly brought these several works to a conclusion, my mind was led to pray to God for direction and to meditate on what further means could be used to bring about the final object of my mission. The Divine Providence having increased my personal property in a small degree, I determined to appropriate £1000 sterling to found a College to be called the Anglo- Chinese College, the object...”
15

“...he promised £100 a year for five years. In addition, the East India Company in China made an annual grant of $1200 towards the expenses, which sum was continued by the British Government when the Company’s Charter ceased. Among the magazines issued from the College press was a quarterly journal entitled The Indo- Chinese Gleaner, which Morrison and Milne under- took at their own charges. This publication gained considerable celebrity among the savants of Europe. There were also issued a Chinese monthly magazine; Prdmare’s Notitia Linguoe Sinicce, the manuscript of which was presented to the College by Viscount Kingsborough with £1500 to defray the cost of printing; Mr Collie’s translation of the Confucian Four Books ; the whole of the Sacred Scriptures, and many other smaller works, including tracts. From the same press was issued in 1820 A Retrospect of the First Ten Years of the Protestant Mission to China,...”
16

“...you in His Father’s house. Oh repine not at the afflictions which you may be called to endure in this land, wherein ye are strangers and pilgrims. Be not im- patient ; be not like the Buddhist of China, and the pleasure- sated, wearied profligate of Europe, to call your existence a curse. Rather up and be active to do all the good possible here. Opportunities to do and to suffer for Jesus will soon be over. Work, therefore, while it is day, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God, when ye shall attain to your eternal abode in Heaven.— Robert Morrison. From all the care and thought joyfully expended by Morrison in the study of the Scriptures for the purposes of translation, it was impossible but that he himself should have reaped much personal profit. Though he laboured with the needs of China before him, his own soul must have been refreshed as he meditated upon the consolations of the Scriptures. And at no time in his life did he stand more in need of that comfort which the Word of God...”
17

“...com- munity, headed with the words “As we have there- fore opportunity let us do good unto all men.” After referring to “ the claim which this pagan nation has upon our benevolent exertions,” he proceeded: I would that a little church of praying people were found in Canton, and that all real praying Christians who may hereafter visit it should join themselves to it. To give perpetuity to these desires and views I have written these lines, which will remain on record among the papers of our China Mission, and in token of your acquiescence in the tenor and spirit of the sentiments expressed I request your signature thereto. Six persons added their signatures to Morrison’s, of whom special reference may be made to D. W. C. Olyphant, a magnanimous American merchant who most generously assisted missions for many years. This address was followed by another entitled “ A *...”
18

“...Morrison. Twelve days after the great fire, Morrison, sitting in his improvised home in a Chinese warehouse, wrote a brief review entitled The First Fifteen Years of the China Mission. His purpose in this sketch was to answer the question sometimes put to him by friend or critic : “ And pray, what have you done in these fifteen years to promote the diffusion of Christianity ? ” He felt an answer necessary “ to disarm the hostile cavils of some, to reanimate the desponding hearts of others, and to excite gratitude to God our Saviour for what He has wrought.” The end designed [wrote Morrison] by the Missionary Society is to preach the Gospel to the heathen and convert the natives from Satan to God. To effect this end a knowledge of languages is an indispensable means. . . . When the Missionary Society commenced the Chinese Mission, England was behind all the rest of the European nations in the knowledge of Chinese and had no help for acquiring that language. But ... at this day she has better...”
19

“...assistance, consisting in books and teachers and perfect freedom and leisure to acquire speedily a knowledge of the Chinese language, their literature, religion and philosophy. . • . Since the Anglo-Chinese College plan preceded the Scramporc College and the Episcopal Mission College at Calcutta, there is reason to believe that our zeal . . . provoked others. The Honourable Company’s press at Macao has em- boldened the new Portuguese Government of that settle- ment to establish a press and they venture to print and publish Chinese news. The diffusion of knowledge is favourable to true Christianity. . . . When the London Missionary Society’s servant first arrived in China, Englishmen had no minister of religion here. . . . But now in China, where Lord Macartney would not venture to take a chaplain in his embassy, Divine service is regularly performed on the Sabbath day by a person sanctioned by all the British authorities. . . . There are a few natives on whose conscience Divine truth has made an...”
20

“...to his brother that he had spent half or more than half of his little property in aid of the College and Mission, and in consequence might have to abandon his hoped-for visit to England. Some of his letters written and speeches delivered at this time reveal his single-eyed devotion to the evangelization of China, his breadth of vision and sympathy, his sanity of judgment, his freedom from narrow prejudice, and, what is perhaps more remarkable, his early recognition of the need of unmarried women workers if China’s needs were to be met. Speaking at Singapore at a meeting convened to consider the establishment of the institution referred to above, he said : China I have taken as my province and to it I purpose resolutely to adhere. . . . The Malayan College to which now we shall resign the Malayan division of the work, is a great acquisition to the general cause ; and I rejoice that China and the Archipelago are to be associated like twin brothers, having no other strife or rivalry but the...”