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“...................................................................................7
Fauna ....................................................................................................................................................................7
Flora, &,o..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Total value of trade in 1902........................................................................................................................................................8
A record year............................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Rates of exchange ...........................................................................................”
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“...s and traders, which has so far been impinged on by
European commerce only at one point, namely, Hoihow, the port
of Kiungchow, the capital of the island. This being the only port
open to foreign trade is the point of entrance for foreign goods and
of exit for native produce seawards in foreign vessels.
Direct trade with the inhabitants of the Li country is impossible,
it being practically surrounded by a cordon of Chinese who sell to
them beads and highly coloured purses at ten times their value.
No foreign merchant being allowed to reside in the interior, the
commerce beyond the limits of the treaty port is in the hands of
Chinese traders, who bring to the coast the produce for which there
is a demand in the southernmost provinces of China, and carry inland
the imports brought by steamers or junks.
The exports of Hainan are .evidence of the unreclaimed nature
of the land from which they come. They are mostly simple products
of the soil and of mountain forests ; whilst the imports are...”
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“...small salaries, and they accord-
ingly direct their energies to fostering the junk trade and to recoup-
ing their losses by increased inland taxation, none of which is spent
for the benefit of the island.
Kiungchow Though Kiungchow (including its port, Hoihow) was opened
the only as a treaty port in 1858, it was not until 1877 that a Consular represen-
S e'ce n0^' Native was established there. During the quarter of a century, in
opening trade which foreign trade has been carried on, the total value of the trade
has steadily in foreign vessels has risen from 1,209,323 taelsin 1877 to 5,572,492
increased. taels in 1902. Though the increase has been steady rather than
startling, it has been sufficient to falsify the prediction that the port
would never invite trade, and it seems more likely since the steady
increase has been shown, whilst the island remains entirely
undeveloped, that time will prove that the removal of Kiungchow
from the list of treaty ports, as suggested in the unratified...”
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“...found.
Total value of The total value of the trade of Kiungchow during the year 1902
trade in 1902. was 724,612?., the equivalent at 2s. 7\d. of 5,572,492 taels. This is
A lccord jear the highest on record in the history of the port, and is 11,024?. above
the figures for 1899, which was previously the record year. In
comparison with the total net trade of 1901, the figures for 1902 show
an increase of 1,142,626 taels, which, at 2s. \\\d. (the average value
of the Haikuan tael during 1901) is equal to 169,013?., and at
2s. 7\d. (the average value of the Haikuan tael during 1902) to
148,541?. The total figures for the two years are : 1901 (exchange,
2s. 11K), 655,251?.; 1902 (exchange, 2s. 7lsd.), 724,612?.
The increase may be attributed chiefly to the large import of
rice necessitated by failure of the local rice crops, and also in a
minor degree to the larger demand for brown sugar, which is one of
the staple exports of the island.
Foreign goods were imported to the total value of 440,065...”
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“...were valued at 335,0J 5/., and regional
the exports to it at 306,833?. In 1902 the figures were : 382,546?.foreign.
pospe89i on?
(imports) and 277,520?. (exports), the total value of the trade being Trade with'
thus greater by 17,618?. Considering the very large increase in the Hong-Kong,
previous year this must be looked upon as in every way satisfactory,
since it shows an increase of 96,248?. in two years. The imports and
exports from and to all other places were represented in 1902 by the Trade with
balance of 57,519?. and 5,198?. respectively. I'ac's"
Imports from other treaty ports, chiefly Pakhoi and Swatow, —'
fell from 1,098?. in 1901 to 431?. in 1902. In 1900 the value was oihe?treaty
240?. Exports fell from 3,226?. in 1901 to 1,627?. in 1902. This is ports,
a total fall in exports, as compared with the value given for 1900,
of 2,501?., the figure for that year having been 4,128?. This small
portion of the trade, however, represents merely the smallest of
rivulets feeding the main...”
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“...10
KIUNGOHOW.
3reit decline. The value last year was only 63,633/., a fall of 52,134?. Of this,
Indian yarn accounts for no less than 39,411?. In no single article
classed under the head of cotton goods was there an increase; white
shirtings fell as much as 6,238/. The only explanation seems to be
that during 1902 the island had not so much spare cash to spend on
these goods as in previous- years.
Woollen goods, which reached their highest figure in 1900, also
showed a decrease. The value of these goods imported in 1901
was 5,975/., and in 1902, 4,244?. Long ells only represented a
quarter of the total value, whereas last year they represented a third.
Another of the three remarkable features of the year's trade was
the great decline in the import of American kerosene. The quantity
imported in 1901 was 1,260,070 gallons, valued at 32,317?. In 1902
only 631,090 gallons, valued at 13,986?., were imported. The differ-
ence is 628,980 gallons, valued at 18,331?. This remarkable decrease...”
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“...in Soods-
value respectively, a drop of 58 cwts., valued at 4,060?. Mis- Miscellaneous
cellaneous sundries were imported to the value of 54,541?., a decline sunvalue, 78,103?., imported in 1901. All these
three classes of goods probably felt the effect of the tightness of
money due to the failure of local crops.
Other sundries worth noting are ginseng, and wines, beers and
spirits. The former increased in quantity, though the sterling value
given in the table is less by 845?. This is partly due to the fall
in the value of silver. The quantities for the two years were 13,466
and 14,133 lbs. (avoir.), and the values 8,512?. and 7,667?. Wines,
beers and spirits did not appear in the list of imports at all, but
may last year have been included under the head of provisions.
The same remark applies to vermicelli, and beans and peas. Hemp,
opium husk, white wax and wood oil have not appeared in the
returns for the last three years.
Two years ago I gave a list of...”
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“...the returns include cattle,
sheep and goats) fell off by 6,719 head, valued at 13,811?. The
number and values for the two years were : 1901, 82,688, value
73,822?.; 1902, 75,969, value 60,011?. Brown sugar increased
from 192,752 cwts., valued at 76,836?., to 294,803 cwts., valued at
101,24:6?., representing an increase of 102,051 cwts., valued at 24,410?.
White sugar showed a marked decline from 37,281 cwts., Valued at
24,087?., to 27,254 cwts., valued at 13,472?. This is a decrease of
10,027 cwts., valued at 10,615?. Fresh eggs were sent away, mostly
to Hong-Kong, to the number of 17,703,940, valued at 7,711?. Of
groundnut cake, 3,233 cwts., Valued at 822?., were imported during
the year. Leather declined from 5,241 cwts., valued at 13,230?.,
to 3,815 cwts., valued at 8,011?. This is 1,426 cwts. less in quantity
and 5,219?. less in value.
Other exports include poultry, 367,030 head, valued at 4,751?. ;
hides, cow and buffalo, 587 cwts., valued at 639?., an increase on 1901
of 455?. ;...”
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“...Table showing Quantity and Value (approximately) of Principal Articles Imported by Junk during the Years 1899-1902.
Increase or Decrease in 1902 compared with—
1890. 1900. 1901. 1902.
Articles. 19C0. 1901. Brought from—
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Hemp ...... Piculs ... 800 £ 4,000 760 £ 3,040 680 £ 2,720 £ £ £ • Hai an, Lei Chou Peninsula
Matting...... Bundles... 3,000 900 6,700 2,235 Lei Chou
Mcdicines ' Piculs ... 600 3,600 800 4,000 980 4,900 1,900 5,700 + 1,100 + 1,700 + 920 + 800 Pakhoi, Yai-chou
Paper, coarae ... ,, 2,000 1,200 6,600 3,300 11,400 6,840 5,400 5,000 - 1,200 + 1,700 - 6,000 - 1,840 Ch'ao-chou
Pigs Skins ...... Head ... Piculs ... 10,000 9,000 157 600 136 1,500 22,860 840 19,431 2,100 24,218 33,327 + 24,061 + 36,191 + 1,358 + 16,896 Wan-chou, Lin-kao, Hai-an, Ting-fin Yai-chou, Chin-chou, Ch'en-mai
Sugar, brown ... 3,000 1,500 788 394 1,320...”
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“...French and 92 German.
The number of British steamers which visited the port was 10
less than in 1901 and the same as in 1900, viz., 23 in 1902 and 1900,
and 33 in 1901.
French and German vessels, which still do most of the carrying
trade, were also slightly fewer. Vessels flying the French flag
made 463 trips during the year, with a tonnage of 283,017, and
carrying cargo valued at 283,570?. German vessels made 396
trips, with a tonnage of 320,210, and carrying cargo valued at
330,886?. The value of the cargo carried in vessels of other nation-
alities is insignificant.
No foreign sailing vessel has called at the port since 1881.
Under the inland navigation rules, 2 vessels entered in 1899,
none in 1900 and 1901, but in 1902 a vessel of 55 tons, flying the
French flag, made in all 33 trips. This appears in the returns as 16
vessels with a tonnage of 880, 9 with cargo and 7 in ballast entered ;
and 17, with a tonnage of 935,8 with cargo and 9 in ballast cleared ;
making a total tonnage...”
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“...Annex I.—Return of all Foreign Shipping at the Port of Kiungchow during the Years 1899-1902.
Entered.
Number of Vessels Total.
Nationality. Year. (all Steamers) J onnage. Total Value of Cargo.
With Cargo. In Ballast. With Cargo. In Ballast. Number. Tonnage
British 1899 9 24 10,292 25,429 33 35,721 £ 1.357
1900 4 19 3,792 19,314 23 23,106 4,506
1901 11 22 9,598 19,689 33 29,287 1,867
1902 6 17 4,716 18,272 23 l 2:2,988 8,104
American . > ;, J 900 3 2 3,648 2,43 2 2,82fi 5 1 6,"80 177
1901 3 3 2,826 6 j 5,652 355
French 1899 171 104 107,416 44,972 275 152,388 256,074
1900 113 165 67,945 100,094 278 168,039 241,649
1901 86 158 50,083 101,021 244 151,104 170,054
German 1902 103 129 61,561 79,975 28,999 232 141,536 174.446
1899 79 38 53,2')2 117 82,251 12',517
1900 60 73 41,959 53.322 133 95,231 77,560
1901 71 131 46,981 101,046 202 148,027 154,418
1902 111 87 85,386 74,719 198 160,105 199,822
Swedish 1900 1 989 1 j 989
1902 3 2,967 3 2,967
Norwegian...”
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“...-------- ---------------------
With Cargo. In Ballast.
British .. 1899 14 19
1900 12 11
1901 23 10
1902 6 17
American .. 1900 5
1901 5 1
French 1899 211 64
190U 174 104
' 1901 143 101
1902 118 113
German 1899 87 30
1900 90 43
1901 147 55
1902 133 65
Swedish 1900 1
1902 1 2
Norwegian .. 1901 13 1
1902 32 14
Dutch 1901 1 5
1902 1 4
Danish •• . 1901 1
Total.. 1899 312 113
1900 282 158
1901 333 173
1902 291 215
Cleared.
Tonnage. Total.
Total Value
of Cargo.
With Cargo. In Ballast. Number. ■ Tonnage.
£
14,731 20,990 33 35,721 ■1,944
1 -',329 10,777 23 •23.106 17,374
19,946 9,341 33 29,287 25,207 3,256
5,197 17,791 23 22,988
6,080 5 6,080 4,727
4,710 942 6 5,652 8,490
111,240 41,148 275 152,388 220,422
101,071 66,968 278 168,039 139,350
85,225 65,S79 244 151,104 117,153
68,241 73,240 231 141,481 109,124
60,658 21,593 117 82,251 116,178
63,542 31,739 133 95,281 92,056
103,535 44,492 202 148,027 144,868
104,788 55,317 198 160...”
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“...18 kiungchow.
Annex II.—Comparative Table of Principal Articles
1898. 1899. 1900.
Articles.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Opium— Patna ... Lbs. avoir. 79,669 £ 45,187 91,785 £ 61,215 66,600 £ 45,268
Benares.. ,, 5,661 3,285 13,609 9,343 11,333 8,681
48,472 70,558 53,849
Cotton goodB — Shirtings— Grey, plain......... White „ ......... Dyed „ ........ Muslins............ T-cloths............ Cotton— Italians, plain and figured Tarn, Indian ...... Thread ......... Miscellaneous......... Picces ,, ii ,, Cwts. ,, 7,122 12,084 679 1,691 13,553 299 23,014 69 2,340 5,956 269 487 3,633 200 60,303 1,069 1,309 8,371 17,707 2,204 2,752 16,317 1,514 24,800 99 2,914 9,308 910 793 4,770 1,055 69,588 1,678 3,396 8,878 20,329 3,515 16 j 135 24*468 89 3,380 11,834 1,573 5,071 75,096 1,629 9,106
Total cotton goods 75,566 94,412 108,589
Woollen goods- Camlets, British ...... Long-ells ......... Miscellaneous......... Pieces ,,...”
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“...KIUNGCHOW. 19
of Import into Kiungchow during the Years 1898-1902.
1901. 1902. increase or Decrease in 1902 compared with—
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value. 1900. 1901. Character of Trade.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
£ £ £ £
44,400 6,533 31,293 4,580 53,451 2,667 33,874 1,795 - 3,149 - 8,466 - 11,394 - 6,786 + 9,051 - 3,666 + 2,581 - 2,785 Dccline in last two years, probably due to increase in smuggling
35,873 35,669 - 18,180 204
12,545 22,662 10,216 4,799 12,907 4,392 4,787 14,269 6,755 1,510 6,669 3,161 - 4,091 - 26,060 + 3,240 - 1,870 - 5,165 + 1,688 - 7,758 - 8,393 - 3,461 - 3,289 - 6,238 - 1,231
14,309 4,119 13,517 3,514 - ^618 - 1^557 - "792 - "605
85!B10 131 77,402 2,592 9,550 15,555 86 37,991 1,268 9,520 - e|913 3 — 38|005 - 361 + 414 - 9,955 45 - 39^411 - 1,324 - 36
115,767 63,633 - 44,956 - 52,134 Decrease probably attributable to economy necessitated by failure of local harvest
V3I 1,908 4,067 360 1,677 430 1,049 2,765...”
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“...20 kiungchow.
Annex III.—Comparative Table of Principal Articles of
1898. 1899. 1900.
Articles.
Quantity. Value. Qunntity. Value. Quantity. Value. 1
Betel nuts ......... Cattle, sheep, pigs and goats Cwts. Number ... 12,925 66,350 £ 12,797 56,877 13,131 76,045 £ 13,903 68,440 66,' 727 £ 62,620 ;
Coir ............ Cuttlefish ......... Eggs, fresh ......... Fish, dried and salt...... Cwts. »» Number ... Cwts 1,988 1,149 16,591,200 2,500 1,670 1,973 7,901 1,885 1,782 2,564 18,777,600 3,573 1,796 4,685 9,433 2,791
Galangal Glue, cow Graas cloth it 22,758 7,864 1,008 4,642 4,718 17,661 17,988 7,406 808 3,889 5,059 14,775 ljsOl 24,938
Groundnut— Cake ... ii ••• 14,840 2,953 13,425 3,228
Oil ............ Hemp ............ ii 2|332 8,396 1,581 6,294 1,992 23,791
Hides, cow and buffalo Honey............ Horns, cow and buffalo Leather............ ,, trunks ...... Lung-ngan pulp ..... Mats, straw ......... Medicines ......... Poultry............ Provisions...”
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“...KlUNGCHOW. 21
Export from Kiungchow during the Years 1898-1902.
1901. 1902. Increase or Decrease in 1902 compared with—
1900. 1901. Character of Trade.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
82*,'688 1,120 ' £ 73,822 20,867 7,527 75,969 984 1,831 17,703,940 2,648 19,633 2,842 939 £ 9,164 60,011 440 3,486 7,711 1,726 3,691 1,998 14,821 + 9,242 - "362 £ ... - 2,609 - 10|ll7 - 6 J19 - "l81 £ - 13,611 - 6,046 Exported to all parts of China Go principally to Hong-Kong and Canton Exported to Hong-Kong Chiefly from Tam-chiu and Lim-ko Principally from north-east of Hainan
136 5,241 184 13,230 13,510 3,233 106 3,419 587 1,753 280 3,815 952 3,007 49,743 367,030 822 114 9,461 639 1,456 214 8,011 2,704 3,864 453 8,055 4,761 809 - 3,413 - 3,216 - 4,807 - 9i722 - l'oj693 + 451 - 1^420 + 466 - 5,219 - 12,707 MoBtly Irom hills in north and east From Hal-an, Lei Chou Penin- sula From Lei Chou district
10,690 7*439 7...”
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“...Annex IY.— Comparative Table showing the Total Value of all Articles Exported from and Imported into Kiungchow
from and to Foreign Countries, Foreign-Leased Territories in China, and Chinese Treaty Ports during the Years
1898-1902.
Imports. Exports.
Country,
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