1 |
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“...jeems to be the Trade of the
unanimous opinion of Chinese and foreigners alike ; even theycar'
Japanese probably would not claim that the profits were at all com-
mensurate with the expansion of their business. The customs
statement of trade values for the three years 1904 to 1906 bears
out this opinion, while closer examination of the figures in the lists
of imports and exports forces one to the conclusion that the real
trade was even worse than the statement shows. As the rise in
the sterling value of the Haikwan tael conceals the fact in great
measure, both tael and sterling values are given in the subjoined
statement of gross and net trade during the vears 1904, 1905 and
1906....”
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“...660,247 18,048,2-19 122,093,473 18,364,892 147,588,881 21,139,032*
Re-exports—
Foreign .... 5,853,176 963,335 4,601,341 692,118 16,440,822 2,354,805
Native 6,664,694 1,096,893 6,449,086 970,050 24,014,462 3,439,572
Total 12,517,870 2,060,233 11,050,427 1,662,168 40,455,284 5,794,377*
Net trade 97,142,377 15,988,016 111,043,046 16,702,724 107,133,597 15,344,655
* Since 1904 through cargo lias been eliminated as far as possible, thus reducing gross trade and re-exports.
Note.—The average value of the Haikwan tael was, during 1906, 3s. 3 id.-, 1905, 3s. 0T\d.; 1901, 2s. lOjfd....”
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“...treasure imported, is 6,217,160tratle
Haikwan taels (1,023,241?.), or 24,815 Haikwan taels more than the
favourable balance for 1905, during which year, however, the export
of treasure showed an excess over the import of 2,824,691 Haikwan.
taels (424,881?.). The Imperial Maritime Customs deal only with
a portion of the trade of Hankow, and as to the purely native
inter-provincial exchanges of merchandise and treasure there are
no available statistics.
The chief local cause of the decrease in value of the total exports is Local causes
found in the failure of the year's crops of cereals in the Hukuang freae^ase
provinces—rice, wheat and beans being less by 5,660,000 Haikwan
taels (931,705?.)—while in the autumn cotton and sesamum and
other seeds also proved very deficient. Imports suffered from the
fact that the steady upward movement of exchange kept giving
the latest arrivals the advantage over stocks already settled, while
the Shanghai middlemen, distrustful of the Hankow dealers' willing-...”
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“...8 HANKOW
.Apportion- The apportionment of tonnage and cargo during 1906 under
mem of the different flags is shown in the following table :—
tonnage and ____________ ___________________________
Percentage of Tonnage. Percentage of Cargo. Average
Value of
Nationality. Cargo
Foreign Coast rp^fnl Foreign Coast Carried
Trade. Trade. J. (J Gill. Trade. Trade. xoLai. per Ton.
Hk. taels.
British 18 -43 45-06 42-89 24-12 50-58 45-12 29-95
Chinese 22-25 20-43 4-65 24-17 20-14 28-06
Japanese 42-51 17-90 19-90 16-97 13-68 14-36 20-54
German 6-35 10-07 9-76 10-44 8-83 9-16 26-72
French ........ 4-27 3-80 3-84 18-06 2-13 5-42 40-22
Norwegian........ 16-79 0-75 2-06 13-26 0-54 3-17 43-88
Russian 8-84 0-06 0-78 9-67 2 73-44
Danish 1-57 0-13 1-44 0-07 0-35 78-27
Dutch 1-24 0-11 0-21 0-98 0-20 28-28
American .... 0-22 0-04 60-31
Austro-Hungarian 0-19 0-04
The direct foreign traffic has grown in tonnage from 5 per cent,
of the total in 1902 to nearly 8J per cent...”
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“...after which the opium is freed throughout
China. Thus each picul pays 125-93 treasury taels (about 151 per
cwt. or 3|d. per oz.). The arrivals of Szechuen and Yunnan
opium, according to the customs statistics, were 355,270 and
68,870 lbs., of which 152,228 and 13,575 lbs. were re-exported,
leaving six times the stock at the end of 1905.
The total tael value of the net imports of foreign cottons increased Cottons,
by 6§ per cent., which the difference of exchange raises to over 16|
per cent, sterling value. The customs valuations are the same, except
in the case of yarns, in which the decrease amounts to 291,191 taels
(47,9172.) in value. British shirtings, jeans and sheetings show some
recovery from last year's low figures, but American supplies fell off
heavily. In drills, jeans and cotton flannel, on the other hand, the...”
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“... 3 6 0
Indian .... 3 8 8 3 4 0
The total arrival of Japanese yarns amounted to 238,089 cwts.,
and of Indian yarn to 130,470 cwts., as against 228,115 and 69,300
cwts. in 1905. Indian yarn has always been mostly transhipped
westward, and so the arrangement which excludes transhipments
from Hankow returns conceals its real relation to its Japanese rival.
Woollen and Cotton mixtures, which are included under " Other cottons,"
cotton advanced in gross value from 76,458 to 233,224 Haikwan taels
mixtures, (11)5ooZ. to 38,3851.) and in net value from 59,111 to 208,210
Haikwan taels (8,891Z. to 34,2682.). The sub-division, introduced
in 1903, includes alpacas, lustres and Orleans, union and Poncho
cloth, union Italian cloth, woollen and cotton flannel, tweeds
and serges, and unclassed mixtures. The extraordinary rise in the...”
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“...this return is correct, it is
plain that the restriction to 1,000.000 pieces per day was not observed,
or else that the Wuchang mints coined also for other places, e.g.,
Nanking, where the famine in Kiangsu caused a drain on the circula-
tion. Including the re-export, copper accounts for a decrease in Speller,
value of foreign imports of over 11,250,000 taels (say 1,872,000?.)
which spelter, in spite of 10 per cent, added to its valuation, increases
to nearly 1,902,000?. The sudden rise in iron rails from 4 to 250 tons T™» ™ils.
is due to the refitting of the Hanyang ironworks, the new plant of
which should be in operation by the middle of the year. The loss in Tin slabs and
value of plain tinned plates is almost counterbalanced by the gain tamecl Plates-
on tin slabs, due, however, chiefly to higher valuation. The former
were in great demand at the two oilwoiks.
It is convenient to take foreign sundries and native imports fomgn
together, as several of the main items appear in both lists...”
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“...account for the export of wheat falling-off 80 per cent.
The many schools and colleges on Western lines set up by the
Hupei government are responsible for educational goods, which first
appeared in 1905 to the value of 352?., rising to 3,382?. in 1906 ;
and the installation of the Hankow Electric Light and Power Com-
pany, for the use of the British, French and Russian concessions,
for the rise in the value of electric materials from 2,740?. to
12,726?.
The increased import of window glass met with a falling market,
and there were difficulties in getting orders paid for and delivery
taken.
The glass factory in Wuchang has not yet got properly to work.
Besides the foreign machinery, of which in 1905 the import was
exceptional, there is a steady import of machinery from Shanghai
to a value of some 4,000?. There are also several native and foreign
machinery shops which do a good business.
Since 1904 the only serious rivals to the local match factory have
been the Japanese. The figures of these...”
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“...swords
and pistols (cost from 13s. 6d. to 11. 7s. and upwards) come from
Japan, and the buttons from the north or from Japan.
Munitions of war, on the expiry of the Protocol prohibition, re- Munitions of
appear on the list. Most of the entry, together with 824 horses
. (valued at 8,7651.) represents artillery batteries and teams for the
autumn manoeuvres in Honan. It is noteworthy that these items,
plus the abnormal import of railway plant, more than cover the
3,700,000 taels rise in the total value of foreign sundries.
By arrangement between the Shell Transport and Dutch Com- Kerosene oil.
panies this market was supplied only with Borneo oil din-ing 1906,
the Sum at ran stock being re-shipped to Shanghai. In spite of the
apparent diminution in the total import, 1906 was in fact a record
year for deliveries for consumption, which show an increase of 25
per cent, over those of 1905, the next highest year. The stock at the
close of the year was roughly 2,500,000 gallons against 11,000,000...”
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“...per cent, of the decrease was to
Honan. The loss was almost ail in the first half year, during which
British grey shirtings fell from 160,000 to 103,000 pieces, American
drills from"32,000 to 20,000 pieces and Indian yarn from 9,300
to 3,100 cwts. The destinations ancl values were. Hupei,
59,783?.; Honan, 88,174?. ; Kueichou, 72,355?. ; Shensi, 146,398?. ;
Szechuen, 51,937?. ; the same provinces taking in 1905, 52,444?.,
233,991?., 49,343?., 125,640?., 124,175?. and 66,737?. respectively.
The value of native produce brought down from the interior Outward,
under pass fell from 80,785?. to 59.053?., owing to l;he failure of the
tobacco crops in Hupei and Honan, whose buyers had to fight against
an attempt to levy illegal dues.
The Hupei government has introduced a through tax on imports
and exports with a view to lightening the cost of collecting likin, and
the export trade guilds, which have to pay a special rate in aid of
education, do not look favourably on outward passes, wliich free...”
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“...limited supply of ramie and other fibres there has beeji a Fibres,
good demand at steady prices. The floods doubtless reduced the
supply, and the quality was below the mark.
Animal tallow was neglected most of the year, though a strong Tallows,
demand sprung up at the close. Vegetable tallow was well received
abroad, and the increased export of 1906 is likely to be largely
exceeded in 1907, as 30Z. per ton is obtainable in Europe.
Gall-nuts are one of the few articles which have not risen in value G-all-nute.
on this market; indeed, increased supplies drove prices down some
15 per cent.
(71) ?...”
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“...18
HANKOW
raw cotton
Cereals and
flour.
Ore?. Hunan crude antimony, in spite of the value rising over fivefold,
declined, probably owing to the local producers finding a better protfi
in London, Antwerp, Havre and Marseilles from the ore, the valua-
tion of which sprang from £ to 9-£ taels. Japan took more than ever
of the Ta-yeh iron ore, and increased its consumption of Hanyang
pig iron from 12,500 to 29,774 tons. A good deal of the lead and
zinc ore (2,391 and 7,248 tons in 1906 against 1,640 and 6,600 tons in
1905), went to France and Belgium, and a little to London.
The two new pressing-houses are unfortunate in striking the worst
season for raw cotton for five years, and the export to Japan declined
nearly 40 per cent.
The export of wheat and pearl barley fell nearly 700,000 taels
(114,500L), on account of the failure of the crops rather than the
demands of the local flour mills. The native wheat is so dirty and
inferior that practically it would pay better to grind imported...”
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“...HANKOW.
21
Annex B.—Return of Principal Articles of Import to Hankow
during the Years 1905-06.
Articles. ! 1906. 1905.
j 1 Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Opium Lbs. 40,705 f 30,410 £ 35,040 27,121
Cotton goods— |
Shirtings, grey, plain- Piecca
British ......... 624,134 215,215 622,522 242,928
American .........| n 20,830 9,362 14,790 6,260
Sheetings, grey, plain—
British .........1 SB,017 43,851 j 78,207 38,169
American ......... 56,845 20,665 1 79,579 33,791
Shirtings, white—
British ... ... 1 376,707 201,499 336,165 184,S62
Dutch...... 28,363 15,404 ! 22,404 12,974
Drills-
British 16,910 8,980 ! 27,614 13,490
American 263,366 149,856 | 234,429 126,226
Jeans—
British 56,812 22,832 5*1,288 21,354
American 7,231 3,273 2,600 1,229
T-eloths—
British 98,504 28,278 . 83,834 22,095
Printed 60,323 18,367 J 45,142 13,239
Chintzes, printed 27,116 9,148 | 37,935 12,839
Coiton— j
Italians ......... 327,780 250,949 246,823 177,109
Hastings...”
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“...22
hankow.
Return of Principal Articles of Import to Hankow during
the Years 1905-06—continued.
Articles. 1900. 1905.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Metals—continued. Tin— Dales, plain ... Slabs...... Other metals Tons - 2,431 115 £ 36,039 19,088 120,575 2,689 1C9 ... £ 30,414 11,875 80,291
Total 403,194 ... 2,578,859
Sundries- Bags, gunny, new and old ... Hirds' nests ......... Buttons, brass......... Casks, empty......... Cement............ Cigarettes ......... Coal ............ Crueiblcs ......... Dyes, aniline ......... Fire-bricks ......... Ginseng, American and Corcan Glues, window......... Machinery ......... Hutches, ma'erials ...... Mats, straw ......... Medicines ......... Military accoutrements Munitions of war ...... Needles............ Oil, kerosene— American ......... American bulk ...... Borneo............ Borneo bulk......... Ilussian ......... Siiinatran ......... Sumatran bulk ...... Pepper, black......... Railway plant and...”
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“...HANKOW.
23
Foreign Imports to Hankow, Average of Five Years 1900-04,
Articles. Quantity. Value.
Opium Lbs. 30,845 £ 24,679
Cotton goods—
Grey shirtings, plain........ Pieces 806,034 351,818
Sheetings—
British 84,231 38,749
Amorican 47,159 21,329
White shirtings 472,434 220,736
Drills, American 183,164 92,762
T-cloths .... 104,247 24,374
Chintzes, printed .... 128,981 39,075
Cotton—
Italians ,, — 170,463 115,982
Lastings ,, — 117,252 73,744
Cotton yam—
Indian Lbs. 7,163,506 217,666
Japanese It 28,917,000 838,736
Other cotton goods 151,446
Total 2,186,417
Woollen goods—
Camlets, British Pieces 14,419 25,018
Cloth-
Broad, &c. 18,680
Russian 6,973
Long ells Pieces 21,571 19,888
Lastings it '•" 8,195 10,588
Spanish stripes 6,777
Other woollen goods 27,801
Total 115,725
Metals—
Copper—
Ingots and slabs ........ Tons........ 399 26,854
„ „ Japanese... it •••• 1,499 93,757
Lead, pigs ........ 1,370 93,234
Tin plates a '••• 770 11,684
Other metals...”
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“...sundries Total
Pieces Cwis. Tons Cwts. Pieces Cwts. ti ••• Lbs." ... i) ••■ •I Cwts, ti Lbs. ti Cwts. Lbs. ... Quantity. 1 Value. £ 003,284 7,111 44,329 38,011 2,004 22,810 26,758 29,606 0,169 12,793 2,239,520 8,846 4,763 33,429 290,652 4,858 87,815 172 0,369 795,313 17,180 207,615 104,733 10,476 16,077 8,421 40,595 164,488 50,026 145,329 109,485 63,865 20,413 127,933 94,896 49,209 48,303 0,198,378 70,494 328,626 1,148,409 Quantity, j Value. i £ 1,243,126 11,540 45,545 45,424 4,306 34,692 10,390 17,257 4,949 14,319 2,095,081 7,563 2,659 17,045 202,906 18,312 86,165 301 0,795 1,090,400 23,377 32,568 15,849 10.707 15,644 7,364 32,368 0,901 2,803 232,067 150,303 36,133 11,954 110,067 67,360 108,517 36,106 3,329,333 37,401 240,209 951,652 i
Native Net Imports to Hankow, Average for Five Years 1900-04.
Articles. Quantity. Value.
Bamboo shoots Cwts. 45,066 £ 32,646
Medicines.... 57,871
Musk Lbs......... 458 14,940
Silk piece-goods .... „ 331,472 208,882
Sugar— ...”
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“...HANKOW.
25
Return of Principal Articles of Export from Hankow during the
Years 1905-06—continued.
(71)
1906. 1006.
Articles.
Quantity. Value. Quantity. Value.
Bristles Lbs. 1,451,466 £ 123,267 1,308,133 £ 100,590
China-root ... >i 2,394,060 25,125 2,254,133 21,089
Clotli, native M 1,369,200 55,032 1,604,000 02,258
Coal...... Tons 59,532 68,5S6 72,422 88,455
Coke..... 11 11,510 20,838 17,191 24,572 538,190
Cotton, raw Cuts. 108,114 337,008 300,338
Cow bones ... Tons 8,4S2 15,900 4,037 0,073
ttgf-J'olk ... Cut.-'. 40,307 39,007 29,587 19,118
I£ggs, fresh... Number ... 53,531,710 29,544 53,950,600 27,406
Fungus Cwts. 25,675 92,514 19,584 128,620
Groundnuts 21,485 7,426 94,912 27,820
Gypsum Hides- „ 350,181 20,333 342,797 19,058
Buffalo ............ 11 34,302 84,500 25,913 66,196
Cow ............ ti 125,831 514,418 107,973 409,641
Iron ore ............ Tons 1^9,700 40,804 93,892 31,930 148,502
,, pig and unmanufactured ... i. 41,050 108,903 31,420
,, pans............ Medicines...”
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“...26 hankow.
Exports from Hankow, Average of Five Years 1900-04.
Articles. Quantity. Value.
Cotton yarn Cwts. 72,884 £ 219,915
Bean cake. .. H 662,716 77,110
Beans tf .... | 1,893,573 463,450
Coal Tons .... ....1 71,536 69,523
Cotton, raw Cwta. 223,030 448,600
Fungus 29,176 105,935
Hides »» 187,113 479,904
Medicines .... 197,100
Musk Lbs..... 3^73 111,868
Nut-galls .... Cwts. 50,761 111,648
Wood oil................ ,, 428,435 390,480
Opium, Szechuen and Yunnan .... Lbs. 1,356,432 574,423
Ramie Tons .... 9,185 187,330
Sesamum .... Cwts. 642,548 270,560
Silk-
Raw, yellow Lbs..... 1,426,096 408,466
Piece-goods 72,426
Tallow, vegetable Cwts. 218,643 224,879
Tea-
Black .... Lbs..... .... ! 55,239,296 1,061,131
Brick, black t» 28,123,984 231,388
„ green ft 25,119.136 252,264
Tobacco—
Leaf if .... 1 11,306,512 76,876
Prepared » .... 1 8,802,640 138,485
Was, white Cwts. 12,254 88,888
Sundries j 2,208,179
Total i 8,470,828...”
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“...hankow.
27
Table showing Total Value of the Trade of Hankow with
Foreign Countries during the Years 1905-06.
Country. Exports and Re- exports. Gross Imports.
1906. 1905. 1906. 1905.
Hong-Koug .... United Kingdom India Singapore and Straits Borneo British America Australia and New Zealand £ 3,712 857 £ 581 753,870 1,981 £ . 475,509 205,160 190,602 4,745 • 154,506 104 4 £ 498,502 374,727 103,139 69,170 57,791 313 7,166
Total British possessions Belgium Prance Germany Russia in Europe .... Other European ports Russia in Asia Japan and Formosa United States of America and Hawaii Other countries 4,569 13,154 127,240 71,557 422,685 10,504 344,920 408,284 15 75fi,432 12,141 7,511 7,242 110,759 77 80,502 398,960 64,345 1,030,630 779,143 26,219 120,007 869 4,343 241 651,001 166,727 7,281 1,110,808 245,997 50,C03 157,716 432 7,230 1,234,234 1,143,776 22,599
Total abroad Chinese ports 1,402,926 9,498,547 1,437,969 8,828,897 2,786,461 6,420,547 3,972,795 6,787,460
Grand total 10...”
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