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“......25
Tables—
1.—Gross value of the foreign trade of China, 1909-13—
(a) Currency values ............................................................................................................26
(b) Sterling values ..................................................................................................................26
2.—Net value of the foreign trade of China, 1909-13 (showing propor-
tion between exports and imports)—
(а) Currency values ............................................................................................................26
(б) Sterling values ..................................................................................................................26
3.—Total imports. Value of imports direct from each country, 1911-13 27
4.—Net imports of principal articles from foreign countries, 1911-13
(showing countries from which chiefly imported) .........................................28
5.—Total exports. Value of exports direct to each...”
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“...
The figures in the following report and tables are taken from the returns
of Chinese Maritime Customs, the values there stated in Haikuan taels being
converted into sterling at the following rates, which represent the average
exchange for each year :—
1 Haikuan tael-
1911 ' ..."
1912
1913
s. d.
2 8tV
3
3 0i
It should be noted that the Haikuan tael is not a coin but a weight in silver
(!)83'3 grains of silver 1,000 fine) by means of -which duties are paid to the
foreign customs. Its value in local currency varies in every treaty port; ihus,
100 Haikuan taels in Tientsin equals 105 local taels ; iu Hankow, 108'75 ; and
in Shanghai, Hl'40.
Table of Chinese Weights.
1 tael (liang)
16 taels = 1 catLy (chin)
100 catties 1 picul (tail)
_ f 583 '3 grains (lj oz. avoir.)
— I 37 '783 grammes
J lbs. avoir.
\ 604 "53 grammes
f 1331 lbs. avoir.
160-453 kilos.
Table of the Open Ports of China, with estimated Chinese Population of each
Port and Province.
Population.
19,290,000
Ihree...”
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“...:S
Table of the Open Ports of China, with estimated Chinese Population of
each Port and Province—continued.
Note.—British Consular officers are stationed at the ports marked with an
asterisk (*), and also at the following provincial capitals :—Mukdeu (Manchuria),
Tainan. (Shantung), Chengtu (Szechuan) and Yunnanfu (Yunnan).
(For value of trade at open ports see Table 15, page 59.)
Estimated Foreign Population of China during the Year 1913.
Population.
Japanese ..............................80,219
Russian ... ......... ... 56,765
British ..............................8,966
American ... ... ... ... ... 5,340
Portuguese ... ... ... ... ... 3,486
German ..............................2,949
French ... ........................2,292
Other nationalities ... ... ... ... 3,810
Total......... 163,827
(684)
Population.
Anhwei... 36,000,000
Wuhu* 89,000
Kiangsu 26,920,000
Nanking* 269,000
Chinkiang* ... 184,000
Shanghai* ... 651,000
Soochow 500,000
Chekiang 17,812,000
Hangchow*...”
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“...would naturally justify this description.
The striking feature of the statistics, however, is the very large
increase shown in the value of both imports and exports. The gross
value of the foreign trade coming under cognisance of the Chinese
Maritime Customs was 1,005,723,851 Haikuan taels, or 151,906,2062.,
as compared with 868,875,532 Haikuan taels, or 132,594,0262., in
1912. (The Haikuan tael is reckoned at 3s. 0§c2. in 1912 and at 3s.
in 1913.) The net value of foreign imports was 570,162,557 Haikuan
taels, or 86,118,3032., exceeding the previous record of 1912 by over
97,000,000 Haikuan taels reckoned in silver, or by nearly 14,000,0002.
reckoned in sterling. The value of exports was also greater than in
any previous year, amounting to 403,305,546 Haikuan taels
(60,915,9412.), which is nearly 33,000,000 taels more than in 1912,
and exceeds even the record value of 1910 by more than 22,000,000
taels.
Increased imports.—A cursory analysis of the items of which these
record figures are made...”
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“...fish, artificial indigo (each between 2,000,000
and 3,000,000 taels increase). All these increases were in quantity
as well as value.
Increased exports.—The increased value of exports was also well
distributed, raw cotton being the only staple export that showed a
decrease. The value of raw silk rose by nearly 6,000,000 taels and
that of silk piece-goods by nearly 5,000,000 taels ; skins and hides
(undressed) increased in value by between 8,000,000 and 9,000,000
taels, bean cake by over 7,000,000 taels and groundnuts by over
1,000,000 taels. The increased value of exports was, it is true, partly
due to higher values, and not altogether to greater quantities. Thus
the volume of raw silk exported was actually less than in 1912, although
fhe volume of silk piece-goods and the total volume of silk products
was higher. Tea also, which shows a slight increase in value, was
exported in somewhat less quantities than in the previous year. But
the increased values of all the other items enumerated...”
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“...i 10,434,590 16,160,251 14,619,776 19,743,197
■ The total, 19,743,197 pieces, is greater than in any year since
1906. The increase over 1912 is chiefly in Japanese grey sheetings
and in British grey shirtings.
It was pointed out in the general summary above that the total
value of cotton goods imported in 1913 exceeded the value in 1912
by 38,000,000 taels. The increased quantities of plain cottons under
the heads just enumerated account for 17,000,000 taels of this, and
the value of cotton yarn imported in 1913 was nearly 10,000,000
taels in excess of 1912. The balance of increase in value to be
accounted for, viz., 11,000,000 taels, is shared by nearly every other
item in the list, the principal increases in value being approximately
as follows :—
Cotton Italians and lastings, plain and Taels.
figured............... 4,400,000
Turkey-red cottons ......... 1,800,000
Cotton goods, unolassed... ... ... 1,800,000
Chintzes and plain cotton prints ... . 1,000,000
In regard to the last...”
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“...erected in Shanghai is constantly increasing.
Metals and minerals.—The total value under this head rose from
2,783,8642. in 1912 to 4,403,7842. in 1913, the principal item of
increase being copper ingots and slabs from Japan for use in the
provincial mints.
Cigarettes, which increased from 3,800,000,000 in 1911 to
4,300,000,000 in 1912, made a further jump in 1913 to 6,200,000,000. •
Clothing (an item which includes hats and caps) declined slightly
compared with the value imported in 1912. The reaction noted in
last year's report against the foreign style of dress continues, but the
demand for hats, caps and underclothing is steadily increasing. In
connection with the subject of clothing it may be noted that shoes
and boots of leather fell from 370,000 to 290,000 pairs ; haberdashery,
valued at 130,3902. in 1912, rose to a value of 168,1342. in 1913 ;
hosiery rose from 1,346,000 to 2,109,000 dozens; the value of soap
imported rose from 353,0002. to 405,0002. Umbrellas rose from a total...”
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“...window glass points to a renewal of building activity in China
after the depression of the previous two years.
Machine tools and machinery.—The total entries under these two
heads (including cotton gins, which appear separately in the customs
returns) amounted in 1913 to a value of 1,087,862/., being an increase
of 382,8631, over the corresponding figures for 1912. The increase is
distributed under every item, and especially under the head of " Machin-
ery, unclassified," which forms nearly three-fourths of the whole ;
but the increase in textile machinery may be specially noted in con-
nection with the growth of the cotton spinning industry of Shanghai.
Hand tools, which are not included in the above figures, rose in value
from 30,696/. to 41,337/. A good deal has been written about the
rising demand for hand tools in the China market, and it may be worth
while to point out that great as the demand for such articles may
be in the future, the trade in them is at present confined, as these
figures...”
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“...sugar is reported to have resulted in slow
clearance at unremunerative prices. The experiment of importing
beet sugar into China has been tried more than once in recent years,
but it does not seem to suit the market.
Tea.—This was imported to the extent of 26,000,000 lbs., being
8,000,000 lbs. more than 1912. This is used for the manufacture
of brick tea. Three-fourths of the supply comes from India and
Ceylon, the rest from Java and Formosa.
Vehicles.—The entries under this head make a total value of
535,216Z., including 211,567?. for railway carriages and wagons, and
116,095Z. for locomotives. Both these items show a decrease com-
pared with 1912, and in spite of a considerable increase in motor
cars and cycles and unclassified vehicles, the total for 1913 is less
by 67,4672. than the previous year. The motor cars licensed in
the foreign settlements of Shanghai now number nearly 800, having
doubled within the last two years. They are also to be seen in small
but increasing numbers on the...”
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“...made its appearance for the first time on the Shanghai market;
it was found to be freer from moisture than the local supplies.
The customs authorities at Tsingtau have followed the example
of Shanghai and Tientsin by establishing a testing-house for cotton.
In order to pass the test the moisture must not exceed 12 per cent.
Fbur.—The export of flour from Harbin to the Amur district
was sufficient in previous years to constitute a respectable item in the
export list (the value in 1912 was 759,000Z.) ; but in 1913 the value
dwindled to 93,000L, owing to the abolition of the 50-verst free zone
on the Russian side of the Russo-Chinese frontier.
Groundnuts.—The export of groundnuts rose from 51,000 tons
in 1912 to 68,000 tons in 1913. The trade is centering more and
* more in Tsingtau, and as in the case of cotton, the area of groundnut
cultivation in Shantung is continually increasing.
Silk.—Although the customs returns show a decrease in the
exports of most classes of silk, reports of merchants...”
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“...264,114 52,293,789 j 117,265,627 58,470,202 j 132,594,026 63.351,922 ; 151,906,206
Note.—The above tables do not include the value of goods carried coastwise.
Table 2.—Net Value of the Foreign Trade of China during the Years
1909-13, showing Proportion between Exports and Imports.
(a) Currency Values.
Year. Net Imports.* Exports. Total. | Percentage | of Exports ! to Imports.
Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. I
1909 ...... 418,158,067 338,992,814 757,150,881 81
1910...... 462,964,894 380,833,328 843,798,222 1 82-3
1911...... 471,503,943 377,338,166 848,842,109 j 80
1912...... 473,097,031 370,520,403 843,617,434 1 78-3
1913...... 570,162,557 403,305,546 973,468,103 i 70-7 i i
* Net imports, i.e., the value of the foreign goods imported direct from foreign
countries less the value of the foreign goods re-exported to foreign countries
during the year.
(b) Sterling Values.
Percentage
Year. Net Imports, f Exports. Total. of Exports
to Imports.
£ £ £
1909 ...... 54,447,665 44...”
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“...china.
27
Table 3.—Value of Total Imports direct from each Country during
the Years 1911-13.
Country.
1911.
1912.
1913.
(a) United Kingdom and British
dominions—
United Kingdom
Hong-Kong
India .........
Singapore, Straits, &c....
Other British dominions*
Total .........
(&) Non-Asiatic countries (excluding
United Kingdom)—
Russia, European ports
Russia and Siberia (via land
frontier)
Russia, Amur and Pacifio ports
Prance ...
Germany
Belgium............
Italy ............
Other countries of Europef .'..
United States ...
South America, Asia Minor, &c.
Total .........
(c) Asiatic countries (excluding India,
Straits and Siberia)—
Japan (including Formosa) ...
Philippines
Korea
French Indo-China
Macao (Portuguese)
Dutch East Indies
Siam
Total
„ imports ...
Less re-exports to foreign countries ...
Net imports ......
12,116,791
19,959,611
4,986,093
1,041,523
179,791
11,423,368
22,555,104
7,118,370
1,313,144
320,338
38,283,809
19,517
1,258,300
1,046,754
406,376
3...”
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“...Equiv. in sterling 1 #>> j £ 33,524,610 £ - £ 38,588,079 46,186,706
Grand total 1 ; j ! ! Hk. taels. ! j 471,503,943 Hk. taels. Hk. taels. 473,097,031 570,162,557
Equiv. in sterling £ 63,481,130 £ £ 72,196,578 : 86,118,303 1 l
Note.—The column showing countries from which the articles are chiefly imported is compiled from the customs analysis of imports for
1912. After each article the countries are named in the order of gross import value in 1912, and the list of countries in each case is closed when
at least 75 per cent, of this value has been accounted for....”
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“...49
china.
Table 5.—Value of Exports Direct to each Country during the Years
1911-13.
Country. 1911. 1912. 1013.
(a) United Kingdom and British dominions— United Kingdom ...... Hong-Kong ......... India Singapore, Straits, &c.... Other British dominions* £ 2,328,469 13,957,619 782,196 762,000 276,937 £ 2,426,348 15,776,854 1,155,626 967,432 222,507 £ 2,468.989 17.691,308 934,994 1.140,774 189,021
Total 18,107,221 20,548,767 22,425,086
(6) Non-Asiatic countries (excluding United Kingdom)— Russia, European ports Russia and Siberia (via land frontier) Russia (Amur and Pacific ports) France ... Germany Belgium ... Italy Other countries of Europef ... United States......... South America, Asia Minor, &c. 1,102,338 419,271 5,306,805 5,264,558 1,897,779 911,685 1,25S,292 1,287,863 4,572,983 571,665 710,073 555,460 5,631,685 5,922,436 2,188,164 1,000,317 1,654,626 1,605,397 5,348,761 616,559 753,354 467,599 5.564,056 6.154,915 2,571,518 988,779 1.256,370 1,693,261 5,686,764 577...”
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“.... 377,338,166* 370,520,403f 403,305,546{
£ £ £
50,803,081 56,542,957 60,915,941
* Not including exports to foreign countries by junk, 344,950 Haikuan taels (46,442?.).
t „ „ „ 306,981 „ (46,846/.).
t „ „ „ 232,405 „ (35,103Z.).
Note.—The column showing the countries to which the articles are chiefly exported is compiled from the customs analysis of exports for
1912. After each article the countries are named in the order of export value in 1912, and the list of countries in each case is closed when at
O least 75 per cent, of this value has been accounted for.
to...”
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“...61
china.
Chief Ports of Original Export of Native Goods—continued.
Chief Ports of Original Export.
Table 8.—Re-exports of Foreign Goods to Foreign Countries, Value
during the Year 1913.
Macao ............ 955
French Indo-China ...... 15,277
Siam 4,829
Singapore, Straits, &c. ... 33,024
Dutch Indies ......... 78,454
British India 38,467
Turkey, Persia, Egypt, Aden, &c. 406
United Kingdom... ...... 46,968
Norway ............ 362
Skins, dressed—"
Goat, tanned Tientsin
Kid ............ Tientsin
Lamb Tientsin, Hankow
Unclassed Hankow, Tientsin
Skins, dressed, made up—
Dog, clothing, mats and rugs ... Tientsin
Goat—
Clothing ......... Newchwang
Mats and rugs ... Tientsin
Kid, clothing Tientsin
Lamb, clothing ... Tientsin
Sheep, clothing, mats and rugs ... Hankow, Tientsin
Unclassed Tientsin, Hankow
Skins (furs), dressed and undressed- —
Fox ............ Tientsin
Marmot Tientsin, Manchouli
Raccoon ... Kiukiang, Hankow, Shanghai
Sable ............ Manchouli
Weasel Hankow, Shanghai, Tientsin...”
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“...giuna.
00
Re-exports of Foreign Goods to Foreign Countries, Value during the
Year 1913—continued.
£
Sweden 327
Denmark ... 732
Germany ... 24,534
Netherlands 2,344
Belgium............... 4,516
France ............... 11,422
Spain (including Gibraltar) ...... 911
Italy ............... 4,768
Austria-Hungary... 8,310
Russia, European ports... 753
Russia and Siberia by land frontier ... 140,673
Russia, Amur ports 169,362
Russia, Paoific ports 136,190
Korea 243,243
Japan (including Formosa) ...... 200,530
Philippine Islands 4,762
Canada 1,039
United States of America (including
Hawaii) 33,177
South America ... 302
Australia, New Zealand, &c....... 1,646
South Africa (including Mauritius) 56
Total to foreign countries-direct 1,208,339
To Hong-Kong............ 1,227,642
Grand total 2,435,981
Table 9.—Import and Export of Treasure to and from China during
the Year 1913.
Import— Hk. Taels. Hk. Taels.
Gold-
Bars, dust, &c. 84,143
Coins............2,981,147
3,065,290
Silver—
Bars and...”
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“...3 30 36 35 22 5 45 283 16 24 6 23 30 17 395 2 7 1 ... 7 2 15 i 10 35 3 3 7 56 10 9 15 6 9 1 1 1 3 1 1 4 6 1 6 28 37 21 14 5 37 245 5 26 7 14 19 19 423 1 12 3 1 8 2 1 19 6 1 1 6 38 72 24 17 5 44 301 15 26 7 23 34 25 432 1 2 13 6 1
176 i 849 1,025 194 936 1,130
Table 14.—Transit Trade. (a) Comparative Values of Transit Trade dunne the Years 1911-1
Year. JJoreign (joods i Native Produce Inwards. ! Outwards. Percentage Percentage Total Value. of Total Value. of Total Villue" Imports. Exports.
1911 1912 1913 Hk. taels. 60,460,303 62,537,444 76,851,491 1 Hk. taels. 13 28,265,036 13 ! 32,464,051 j 13 30,323,845 7 8 7 Hk. taels. 88,725,339 95,001,495 107,175,336
(b) Values for Principal Ports during the year 1q73
Port. Inwards. Outwards. Total.
Hk. taels. Harbin ... 2,171,869 Suifenho 96,835 Antung ... 42,647 Tatungkow Dairen ... 258,459 Newchwang 947,179 Hk. tacls. Hk. taels. 2,171,869 96,835 42,647 2...”
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“...china.
59
Values for Principal Ports during the Year 1913—continued.
Port.
Inwards.
Outwards.
Total.
Note.-—The transit trade here means the trade in foreign goods carried inland
under transit pass on payment of an additional half import duty, and the trade
in native produce brought from the interior under transit certificate to ports
for export abroad and liable to payment of half export duty (in lieu of likin),
in addition to full export duty.
Table 15.—Net Value of the Trade of each Port during the Year 1913.
Port. Net Foreign Imports. Net Native Imports. Total Exports. Total of Imports and Exports.
Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. taels.
Aigun 513,933 505,076 213,018 1,232,027
Sansing 228,602 369,483 2,572,073 3,170,158
Manchouli ... 11,410,617 1,513,150 1,780,193 14,703,960
Harbin 3,816,195 4,601,392 8,417,587
Suifenho 7,263,937 ... 13,913,326 21,177,263
Hunchun 334,037 140,973 422,251 897,261
Lungchingtsun 671,199 174,315 845,514
Antung 6,870,965 1,116,839 6,818,152...”
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“...GO china.
Net Value of the Trade of each Port during the Year 1918—continued.
Net Net Total of
Port. Foreign Native i otai l^.Ynnr 1 Imports and
Imports. Imports. XLiAUUI lo« Exports.
Hk. taels. Hk. taels. Hk. tacls. Hk. taels.
Chinwangtao 4,834,883 1,711,004 4,275,705 10,821,592
Tientsin 70,900,368 24,729,283 37,828,623 133,458,274
Chefoo 8,905,028 8,551,833 14,184,363 31,641,224
Kiaochow ... 26,207,915 7,268,592 25,692,373 59,168,88a
Chungking ... 11,208,460 6,768,110 12,132,622 30,109,192
Ichang 1,843,318 839,812 ; 3,036,426 5,719,556
Shasi 3,183,836 312,128 1 896,421 4,392,385
Changsha ... 12,778,157 2,222,080 ! 8,719,525 23,719,762
Yochow 2,133,257 1,150,759 3,635,050 6,919,066
Hankow 52,850,417 18,511,955 82,667,567 154,029,939
Kiukiang 12,130,915 4,705,996 15,514,494 32,351,405
Wuhu 7,437,630 2,926,973 9,859,001 20,223,604
Nanking 6,437,554 1,687,787 5,810,214 13,935,555
Chinkiang ... 9,290,347 6,217,170 9,040,429 24,547,946
Shanghai 98,567,484 24,688,312 ' 83,966,453 207...”
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