Taariikhdii Daraawiishta iyo Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan (1895-1921)

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^Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinia Sare ^

| AKADEEMIYAHA DHAQANKA j|

I Taariikhdii Daraawiishta I

^ Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan ||

f < (1895-1921) |

Waxaa Qoray ^^ ^

y^Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise

l| MUQDISHO 1976 ^






















Wasaaradda Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Safe
AKADEEMIYAHA DHAQANKA

TaariikMii Daarawiisht;

iyo

Sayid Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan

(1895 1921)

Waxaa Qoray
Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise

SOAS

18 0515147 4

MUQDISHO 1976 _ __








Muuqaalkii Sayid Maxamad Cabdulla Xasan






Abshir Dhoora Xasan, La-taliyaha Sayid Maxamad
Ammaanduulihii Daraawiishta '




H O R D H A G

Taariikhda SAYID MAXAMED CABDULLE XASAN
waa taariikhda dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta gudaheeda oo mud-
do 21 sano ka soo horjeedday qabsashada isticmaarka ee Dalka
Soomaaliyeed. Maanta waxaa marag ma-doonto ah in dagaal-
ladii Daraawiishta ay ahaayeen kuwo gobonnimo doon ah oo
ku dherarsan jiitintii halganka Ummadda Soomaaliyeed ay u
soo martay madax-bannaanideeda kunkii sano oo aynu soo
dhaafnay.

SAYID MAXAMAD CABDULLE XASAN wuxuu ahaa
geesi aan gabbasho aqoon, xeeldheere diineed oo dood adag iyo
gabayaa fiiro iyo fahmaba ku ebyanyihiin. Sifaalahan wada-
jirkoodu waxay siiyeen Sayidka shakhsiyad la yaab leh oo tayi
sare ah. Shakhsiyaddaa qudheedu waa tan u suura gelisay inuu
Sayidku, kor u hayo calankii jihaadka muddo sidaa u dheer.

Si buuxda uma ayaan dareemin taariikh-qoreyaashii hore
qiimaha gaarka ah ay leedahay gabayaanimadii Ina Cabdulle
Xasan, mama ma ay garan xoogga aydiyoolojiyada iyo doodda
caaradda leh ee ku dheehnayd tixihiisa iyo tiraabkiisa. Taa-
riikh qoreyaashii hore waxay dabciga Sayidka ka falanqeeyeen
xagga wadaadnimaddiisa, iyaagoo taas sabab uga dhigaya
DAD-QALAAD-NACAYBKA ku jiray iyo arrinta qur ah ay
Soomaalidu ku raacday dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiishta.

Waxaa run ah inuu Sayidku ka dhiidhiyey Xukunkii
Dalka Soomaaliyeed oo dad qalaad gacanta ku dhigay. Wuuna
rumaysnaa inuu yahay waajibka sare ee qofka Soomaaligu inuu
dhulkiisa xoraynta, una soo celiyo sharaftii iyo maamuuskii
Ummadda Soomaalida ay lahayd isticmaarkuna waxyeelleeyay.
Sayidku waxay ula muuqatay in Daraawiishtu dagaalkaa ay ku
leedahay safka hore. Sidaa awgeed. waxaa xusuus gaar ah mu-
dan IIMEY oo ah meeshuu Sayidku ku geeriyooday 1921kii
isagoo ku tala jiray inuu colal cusub isu keeno oo dagaalkii xoo-
gagga gumaysiga uu kula jiray cusboonaysiiyo, isla magaala-
daa (Iimay) waxay ahayd meeshuu 30 sano ka hor (1891) uu
qabsaday RAS-MOKANNEN, naa'ibkii MENELIK oo fadhi-
yay HARAR, si uu u cuna-qabateeyo xornimada Ummadda


Soomaaliyeed. Arrimahan wax uun iskooda isugu beegmay
ma aha. Waxayna ka markhaati kacayaan tixnaanta halganka
Ummadda Soomaaliyeed iyo himilada taaganta ah ay midnima-
deeda ugu jirto.

Inkastoo aanu buuggani Say id Maxamad iyo noloshiisii
gaar u ahayn ee uu guud ahaan taaariikdii Daraawiishta uga
warramayo, haddana Sayid Maxamad baa Daraawiish abuuray
calankana u sidey.

SHEEKH JAAMAC CUMAR CIISE oo wax badan isku
taxallujiyay ururinta murtida iyo taariikhda Daraawiishta, wu-
xuu ku dadaalay inuu buuggan ku soo shaac baxsho dhinacyo
badan oo ku saabsan taariikhda Daraawiishta oo aqoan hab-
boon aan hore loogu lahayn; waxaari shaki ku jirin in, sidaa
aawadeed, aqoonyahannada iyo guud ahaan dadweynaha wax
badan buuggani u faa'iidayn doono-

Ugu dambeyntii, SHEEKH JAAMAC CUMAR CIISE
wuxuu u garsooray SAYIDKA oo wax badan taariikh qore-
yaashii shisheeyaha ay ka eexdeen, marar kalena ay muunad
jebiyeen. iyagoon dhab u garan shakhsiyadda labalajoodka ah
ee Ina CABDULLE XASAN.

Dr. SAALAX MAXAMED CALI
Xoghayaha Hiddaha iyo Tacliinta Sare


ARAR GUUD

Intaannaan tilmaan ka bixin taariikhda buuggani ka war-

ramayo waxa habboon inaannu wax yar ka tusaaleyno
markii gumeysigu dalka Soomaaliya soo galay, dantuu ka
lahaa iyo waxyaaluhuu ku markaday ama u geystey.

Sida runta ah, waaxdii dambe ee qamigii sagaal iyo
tobnaad, guud ahaan Afrika waxa ka dhacay tartan kulul oo
dhex maray dawladaha reer Yurub. Dawladahaas qaarkood,
waxay doonayeen dhul ay ka gurtaan waxyaalaha qaaliga ah
Dahabka, dheemanta, cudbiga, naxaasta, dhuxusha, fool-
maroodiga iyo alaabta warshadaha lagu socodsiiyo
qaarkoodna waxay doonayeen dhul ay ka helaan cuntooyinka
aan dhulkooda laga helin; qaar kalena waxay doonayeen dhul
ay ka duuiaan haddii uu dagaal ka dhaco dunida guudkeeda
ama ay dawladaha kale ciriiri ka geliyaan, xagga ganaesiga.
Tartankaas ay qolo weliba dooneysey inay danteeda gaarto
ayaa wuxuu keenay heshiiskii magaalada Baarliin lagu kala
qortay 18S4kii .

Heshiiskii labaad ee Baarliin ka dhacay bishii Feb-
raayo 1885kii ee Afrika lagu qaybsaday ayaa wuxuu furay
tartan cusub. Heshiiskaasna qodobbadiisa waxa ka mid ahaa
in dawlad kasta oo heshiis la dhigata dad dhul deggan ay gar
u leedahay inay ceshiimaysato ganacsiga dhulkaas markay
ogeysiiso dawladihii heshiiskaas ka qayb galay. _

Wax badan bay Afrika waagaas aragtay ama la ku-
lantay nin cad oo reer Yurub ah oo ku socda duq dad meel
deggan madax u ah oo uu magaciisa maqlay, ama boqor

I


ummad meel deggan u tally a, isagoo gacanta midig ku sita
xoog ivo maal un dawladdiisa ka wato, gacanta kalena wa-
raaq cad oo uu doonayo inuu boqorkaas ama duqaas heshiis
ganacsi ama saaxiibtinnimo kula qorto; base ahaatee ay taas
ujeeddadiisu ka fog tahay oo niyadda uu ku hayo inuu dhulka
taabo, dadkana gumeysto,

Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa 1884kii Ingiriiska oo am-
mintaas gumeysiga ammaanduule u aliaa uu degey Xeebaha
Waqooyi iyo Gobollada Koonfur galbeed ee daika Soomaa-
liyeed. Sidaasoo kale, ayaa 18S3kii Faransiisku saldhig uga

samaystay Obokh oo ah Xeebta Jabuuti.......... 1892kii ayaa

Talyaanigu Xeebta Banaadir ka ijaartay Suldaankii Sanjibaar.
Talyaaniga iyo Suldaankaana waxa dillaal u ahaa Ingiriiska
oo Jarmalka ka fogeynayey Xeebta Afrikada Bari.
fe; ...

Xabashida oo ahayd dawlad Afrikaan ah ayaa iyana
tartammadaas ka qayb gashay; waxayna boobtay Herer 1897-
kiij, iyadoo Ingiriisku ku taageeray qabsashadeedii. Isla markaas
Xabashidu Herer kuma ay ekaan ee iyadoo ingimsku uu mar
walba gacan siinayo ayey dalka Soomaalida hore u soo ga-
shay oo saddex jeer oo kala duwan marba meet qabsatay, ilaa
ay soo gaartay xuduud-ku-sheegga beenta ah ee haatan u dhe-
xeeya, Xabashida iyo Soomaalida.

Haddaba in kastoo duullaamadaas iyo weerarradaasu
ay ahaayeen kuwo gumeysigu xoog iyo maal ugu tala gal ay,
uguna tabaystay, dhibo badan buu kala kulmay, dad iyo maal
badanina waa kaga baxeen. Dagaalkii Daraawiishta oo keliya
maahee waxa jirey dagaallo badan oo ka dhacay meelo badan
oo kala duwan oo dalka gudihiisa ka mid ah. Waxa xusid
leh dagaalkii dhex maray Talyaaniga iyo Biyamaal 1904^-1912.,
ee ka dhacay dhulka haatan loo yaqaan Shabeellaha Hoose,
iyo dhawr dagaal oo kala dambeeyey, kana dhacay Kismaayo,
Afmadow, Sarinley iyo Luuq; dagaalkii Sheekh Xasan Bar-
sane, Ceelbuur iyo dagaallo ka dhacay Butiyaalo, Casayr,
Baargal, Hurdiya oo ah Xeebaha Gobolka Ban, 1926kii.

Dagaalkii Daraawiishta ee Sayid Maxamed ammaan
duulaha ka ahaa, wuxuu socday 1980-1920, wuxuuna gaarey

II


dhiig-mayr, ilaa dani geyeysiisey logiriiska inuu diyaarada
kola dagaallamo.

Haddaba, aan isweydiinnee Sayid Maxamed muxuu
afoaa? Dadka qaarkiis waxay qabaan inuu ahaa, mujaahid
waddani ah oo dalkiisa, dadkiisa iyo diintiisa daafacaayey.
Qaar kalena waxay qabaan inuu ahaa dhiigyacab dhacaaya oo
dad iyo duimyo arlada rogey. Markaynu labadaa qolo si dhex-
dhexaad ah oo aan eexo lahayn u eegno, aan garsoor u soo
qaadantio waraaqaha uu qoray, gabayaduu mariyey, dagaalla-
duu dhigay. Hase ahaatee, waxa jirta dicaayad iyo xumaan
been ah oo zsticmaarka iyo dadkuu watay fidinayeen, waxana
laga yaafeaa in da'aha dambe taa rumeystaan, haddii aynaan
rirnta taabsiin.

Buuggani wuxuu ka warramayaa daraawiish iyo gaalo
wixii dhex maray oo keliya, wuxuuna u qaybsan yahay shaa

qaybood oo qayb waliba xilli gaar ah ka hadlayso:

1) Qayb/a kowaad, waxay ka warramaysaa Sayid Maxa-
med iyo taariikhdii noloshiisa tan iyo intii dagaalku qar
xay 1901dii.

2) Qaybta labaad waxay ka hadlaysaa shantii dagaal
ugu waaweynaa dagaalladii dhacay 1901 1905tii.

5) Qaybta saddexaad waxay wax ka sheegeysaa wixii
dhacay 1905 1911kii, waana qaybta wada hadalladu
bilawdeen oo siyaasadda iyo dagaalladu ay wada soc-
deen.

4) Qaybta afraad waxay tilmaan ka bixinaysaa, wixii
dhacay markay Daraawiishtu Ayl iyo Ilig ka soo guur-
tay 1911 1917.

5) Qaybta shanaad waxay wax ka tihnaamaysaa wixii
gaalo iyo daraawiishi laysla markaday 1917 1921-

Qayb waliba waxay u go'an tahay qaarkeeda, waxay-
na xagga hore ku wadataa hordhig yar oo koobaia kuna saab-
san qaybtaas iyada ah.

Ill


Waxaa buuggan ku dhex jira waraaqo badan oo
ay isweydaarsadeen Sayid Maxamed iyo Ingiriis, Talyaani iyo
Sayidka; waraaqahaasina waxay ku qornaayeen afaf kala
duwan Ingiriis, Talyaani iyo Carabi, base ahaatee
waxaannu isku daynay inaannu badankooda u rogno Af Soo-
maali si dadka aan afafka qalaad aqooni ay u gartaan. Wa-
xaannu ku dadaallay wax kasta oo aannu buuggan ku sheeg-
nay in aannu u belno marag cad si runta iyo beenta loo kala
saaro.

Sayidku waraaqaha wuxuu ku qori jirey Carabi;

Ingiriiska ayaa tarjamay, waxa laga yaabaa in aan si-
dii runta ahayd loo wada tarjamin oo hadallada

qaarkood la dooriyey ama la dhaafay, maxaa yeelay Sayidku
aad buu u had alio kululaa markuu runta sheego ama boogta
taabto waxaa hubaal ah inuu ninka Ingiriiska ahi ka xumaa-
nayo, sidaa daraaddeed waxaa suura gal ah in erayadii si kale
loo tarjamey ama la dhaafayba. Taasi waa dhacday, Douglas
Jar dine oo ugu fiicnaa intii Daraawiish wax ka qortay waraa-
qaha intooda badan macnaha guud buu ka qaatay, ee
ndey ahaayeen uma tarjamin, taasna waxa la arkay markii
dhawr waraaqood oo asalkii ah la helay laysuna ^gay.

Waxaa hubaal ah haddii markii hore Carabigii af In-
giriis loo tarjamay dabadeedna Ingiriiskii af Soomaali loo ro-
gcy in hadalka macaankiisii iyo macnihiisii kala dhantaalma-
yaan, maxaa yeelay, waxa la yir: laf jabtay s/deedii ma no-
qoto. Waraaqaha Ingiriiska ah waxaa af Soomaali u rogey rag
lagu kalsoon yahay: Axmed Cartan Xaange, Cumar Aw Nuux
Maxamed, Axmed Faarax Cali Idaajaa oo dhammaan Gud-
diga af Soomaaliga ka tirsan iyo Yuusuf Cabdi Geelle oo bare
ka ah Dugsiga Sare ee Wasaaradda Waxbarashada iyo Bar-
baa rinta.

Waxa laga yaabaa in dadka qaarkiis yiraahdaan maxaa
labada afba loo qoray, maa mid keliya lagu ekaado. Haddaba,
jidaas waxaanu u yeellay, dadaal iyo inaannaan runta ka
fogaan.

IV


RAAD-RAACA TAARIIKHDA

Taariikhdaas aannu qornay waxaannu u cuskannay.

1) Gabayadii, geerarradii iyo wilgooyinkii waagaas la
mariyey, ama Daraawiish dhexdeeda ha laga mariyo
ama dadkii dibadda ka ahaa ha mariyeene.
2- Sheekooyinkii ay weriyeen raggii Daraawiishta runta
ahaa oo dagaalladii iyo qalalaasihii goobjoog ka ahaa
oo aannu nolol ku aragnay iyo kuwii aan da-
raawiish noqon, hase ahaatee aad ugu warhayey.
Raggaa waxaa ka mid ahaa:

Magaca Weriyaha

Meeshaan kula kulmay

Taarriikh. la kulmay

1) Cabdi-yaar Cali Guuleed

2) Maxamuud Cilmi Faarax

3) Xaaji Maxamed Cowl

4) Xaaji Aadan Cawnd

5) Garaad Soofe Dunraan
5) Gallaydh Gabdi Ismaaciil

7) Maxamuud Xoosh Dheere

8) Salild Baynax Aadan

9) Xaaji Jaaanac Ismaaciil Dhoon

10) Faarax Baqardhe

11) Garaad Jaamac Garaada Cali

12) Xaaji Maxamed Biixi Boos

13) Aw-Cabdille Ibraairim

14) Xaaji Axmed Aadan Surgo

15) Cali Dannaan Garaase

16) Warsame Geeldabar Cii&e

17) Cilse Flkad Faarax

IS) Xaaji Cahdiraxmaan S. Max'd

19) Xareed Duubi Deero

20) Xuseen Aabi Cilmi Cabdilli

21) Caasho Sheekh Cabdille

22) Abokor Seed Cali

23) Aadan Aw-Yuusuf Dhacdhaco

24) Xaaji Isaaq Muxumud Daadh

25) Sheekh Maxamed X. Xuseeti

26) Aadan Cawl Jaainac

27) Soofe Cali Buraale

28) Maxamed Naur Cali

Buuboodle 1955-58

*

H

i 1957-5(8

r>



1971-73

Marqaan weym 1955

Laas-caanood 1957-58

*





Boocame 1936-73



Taleex



Qardho

Muqdbho 1955

1959

1973

Muqdi&bo 1972

1973

1973

1970-76

1970-76

Ayl 1973

Muqd. Hargeysa 1965-73

Iskushuban 1964

V


3. Waraaqihii la isu diri jzrey wixii laga helay

4) Kutubtii ay qoreen raggii goobjoogga ahaa ama waa-

gaa dagaalka la socdey iyo kuwii iyaga raad raacay.

Inkastoo ragga buugaggaa qoray ay ka warramayeen
dhinaca dawladahooda, libintana siinayeen, haddana dagaalkii
Daraawiishla iyo ragannimadii Sayid Maxamed waa qarsoomi
weydey. Sidaa daraaddesd ayaa had iyo jeer waxaad aragtaa
iyagoo runta ag maraaya ama daqarradii dawladahooda loo
geystay been aan hu' lahayn ku daboolaya.

Inkastoo taasi dhacday kutubtey qoreen qaarkood aad
baan u tix^elinney,

Waxaa laga yaabaa, inaad meelaha qaarkood ku arag-
taan arrin si kale in loo maamulo ku habboonayd, haddaba
talada ku dar adduunku waagaa siduu ahaa iyo heerkuu maaa-
ta maraayo.

Wixii gaalo iyo daraawiih iyo Soomaalida kale dhex

maray 1895 1921, afna lagama sheegi karo buugna la-

guma abyi karo. Hase ahaatee halkaasaa faraskaygii

na gaarsiiyey.

Haddaad buuggan ku aragtaan waxyaalo gef ah ama
qalad ahaan u dhacay ulakac nagama aha ee aqoon baa sida
naga noqotay. Waxa laydinka filayaa inaad hagaajisaan.

q

Waxa habboon inaan u mahadnaqo dadkii buuggan
qoristiisii igu kaalmeeyey, dadkaa abaalkooda Eebbaa gudi
kara, ninba wuxuu shaqaystana marbaa loogu shubi weelka,
sidaas iyo akhris wanaagan.

Aw Jaamac Cumar Ciise
XAMAR 1976

VI


R A A D R A A C

KUTUBTA AANU TAARIIKHDA DARAAWIISHTA U CUSKANNAY
00 AAN AAD U RAAD RAACNAY WAA KUWAN, GAAR AHAAN
(MAD MULLAH)

1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine,
O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland,

1916 21) First Edition, London 1923.

2) Richard Corfield of Somaliland, by H.F. Prevosi
Baiters, London, 1914.

3) Official history of the operations, Somaliland 1901 -
- 04, London, 1907.

i

4) La colonizzazione Europea nell'Est Africa, Italia >
Inghilterra, Germania, da Gustavo Chiesi, Italia 1909.

5) Ferro e fuoco in Somalia, da Francesco Saverio Ca-
roselli, Roma 1931.

6) The modern history of Somaliland, by I.M. Lewis,
London 1965.

VII


)


Qaybta kowaad, guild ahaan waxay ka hadlay-
saa: dhalashadii Sayid Maxamad, komimadiisii, bar-
baarintiisii, waxbarashadiisii iyo siduu dadka iyo dalka
u bartay, tegiddiisii Xajka iyo ka soo noqoshadiisi,
Berbers iyo wixii uu kala kulmay iyo markuu ka baxay,
degiddii Qoryaweyn, abaabuliddii Daraawiishta iyo
siduu isugu dubbariday, warbixin Sngiriisku qoray, iyo
bilowgii dhaqdhaqaaqa, dilkii Garaad Cali iyo wixii
keenay, markay daraawiishi Ogaadeen u guurtay iyo
waxay ka muteen, dagaalkii Xabashida ee Jigjiga,
duullaankii u horreeyey, kalakitii Gurdumi, Gonda-
gooye iyo wixii ka dhacay, duullaatildi Xabashida iyo
markay daraawiishtu Nugaal ku soo noqotay tan iyo
dagaalkii Afbakayle, markuu dhacay.


)


DHALASHADII SAYID MAX AM ED

yy ax lala yaabo ma aha haddii nin wadaad ahi dadkuu
ka dhashay ka tago ama ka guuro oo degmo kale dhex dego;
ha yaqaanno ama yuu aqoonne, ha ka fogaadeen, ama ha u
dhowaadeene, sidaasuna waa culimada alabkeeda, meel kasta ha joogee-
ne; maxaa yeelay ninka wadaadka ahi wuxuu rumaysan yahay meeluu
joogaba ama meeshuu tagaba inuu Ilaahay maganti yahay oo dadka mee-
shaa uu tegey deggan la walaal yahay, oo iyaguna diinka ka baranayaan,
isna xoolo iyo xurmaba ka helaayo.

Taariikh aan la xusuusnayn, cidina sheegi karin ayaa Shiikh Xasan
Nuur oo Say id Maxamad awowgiis ahaa ka teyey Gobolka Qallaafo,
oo ah dhulka Webi Shabeelle ku magacaaban, halkaas oo bee-
shuu ka dhashay degganayd. Wuxuu u kacay Nugaal oo ahayd dal
wanaagsan, duunyadana hodan ka ah, si fiicanna k>ogu noolaan karey,
culimaduna had iyo jeer u xoola doonan jireen.

Shiikh Xasan markuu Nugaal mudda joogey oo uu dadkii iyo dal-
kii kala bartay, xoolo fiicanna ka helay waxa gashay hawo guur, daba-
deedna wuxuu guursaday gabar reer Nugaaleed ah oo magaceeda lagu
tibaaxay Khadiijo Jaamac(l). Shiikhu Nugaal wuxuu ku guursaday
afar dumar ah oo u dhalay carruur badan, carruurtaa tiradooda waxa
lagu sheegay 12 wiil iyo 11 gabdhood. Waxaa la weriyey in Shiikh
Cabdille oo Sayid Maxamed aabbihiis ahaa carruurtaas ugu weynaa.

Shiikh Cabdille Xasan wuxuu ku dhashay, sida la weriyey, doo-
xada la yiraahdo Casuura oo magaalada Laascaanood dhinaca wa-
qooyi Galbeed ka xigta, una jirta hilaadda dhawr iyo soddon mayl.
Wuxuu ku koray kuna barbaaray diintana ku bartay gobolka Nugaa-

1) Lama oga in afadaasi min weyntii ahayd iyo in kale.


leed oo barwaaqo ahaa, dabadeedna reerkoodii wuxuu noqday dad
Nugaal rasmi ahaan u deggan. Waxa la weriyey Shiikh Cabdille isagoo
26 jir ah inuu guursaday gabadha la yiraahdo Timiro Seed Magan, kuna
caan baxday Carro Seed. Waxa la yiri, waxay u dhashay 10 carruur
ah, waxaana u weynaa Maxamad, hase ahaatee Shiikh Cabdulle car-
ruurtii uu dhalay wexey tiradoodu gaareysaa soddomeeyo.

Shiikh Cabdille Xasan Daraawiish dhiskeedii waa ka qayb galay,
dagaallada badankoodiina waa ka tala galay, wuxuuna ku dhintay Xa-
runtii Daraawiishta Taleex 1913, qabrigiisuna waxa laga dhisay qub-
bad caan ah.

Qabrigii Shiikh Cabdulla Xasan (Taleex)

Maxamad Shiikh Cabdille Xasan wuxuu ku dhashay dhulka loo
yaqaan Ciid-Nugaaleed ama Laaso oo ah degrnada Buuhoodle, balliga
la yiraahdo Sacmadeeqo oo magaalada Buuhoodle toddoba mayl u
j.ira, kana xiga dhinaca waqooyi. Wuxuu dhashay guga la baxay
Gobeysane, waxaana la sheegay inuu ahaa gu' barwaaqa ah oo dad
iyo duunyo wixii dhashay ay hanaqaad noqdeen. Wuxuu dhashay aba-
baaraha markay taariikhdu ahayd ISSeO). Daraawiish badankeedu waxay
yiraahdeen: Sayid Maxamad saddex meelood ayuu Nebi Maxamed kala

>v Rag iaariikhda Daraawiishta wax ka qoray waxay yiraahdesn
' ^ayidku wuxuu dhashay 1864, hase ahaatee ta Daraaiviishi waa
Hey.

4


mid ahaa : Magaca, da'da iyo jahaadka. Hase ahaatee, sheekadaasi
inoo caddayn mayso gugiiu dhashay. Wuxuu ku koray Nugaal, dad-
kooduna wuxuu ahaa xoolaley daaqsato ah. Guud ahaan xoolaha
markaas la haystay waxa ugu badnaa geel iyo fardo, reer beedahana
waxa u taliya roobka, dhaqankooduna wuxuu yahay inay gugii iyo dayr-
tii hadba dhinac u guuraan, mar haddaan dhulku magaalo iyo beero
midna lahayn. Dabeecadda ayaa qof walba waxay ku abuuraysaa inuu
xoolaraac noqdo.

Sidaas daraaddeed, waxaan oran karnaa : Sayid Maxamad carruur-
nimadiisii wuxuu ahaa xoolaraac, lamana sheegin carruurta kale wu-
xuu kaga duwanaa ama dheeraa.

Sidii dhaqanka Soomaalidu u badnaa ama raaslcuu Sayid Maxamad
ka dhashay hiddo u lahaa, toddoba jir baa quraanka loogu bilaabay.
Macallinkii quraanka u dhigi jirey waxa lagu naanaysi jirey Kud-
quraan. Maxamad toban jirkii buu Quraanka ku dhammeeyey, taasina
wax lala yaabo ma aha oo ardada ayaa sidaas u badnayd. Wiilnima-
diisii waxa lagu sheegi jirey fahmo badnaan iyo firfircooni. Waxa
hubaal ah haddii wiilku quraanka dhammeeyo in calaamooyinkii ma-
callinimadu ka muuqato, isla markaasna cilmiga barashadiisa lagu
gargaaro. Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa Maxamad aabbihiis kutubta cilmiga
ah ugu bilaabay, taasina waxay dhalisay inuu culimada xerta ah oo
cilmiga raacanaysa la fariisto, markay degmada dhex marayaanna raaco
oo la socdo. Hase yeeshee, gadaalkii xertii buu ka mid noqday, taa-
sina waxay dhaxalsiisay in lagu magacaabo Aw Maxamad Shiikh Cab-
dille. Magacaasu wuxuu siiyey ama u kordhiyey xurmo iyo xushmo
gaar ah oo uu ku helay diinta xaggeeda.

Dhulku masaajid iyo madaaris midna ma lahayn, oo wuxuu ahaa
miyi, waxaase jirey meela xeri deggan tahay iyo dugsiyo Quraanka
lagu barto iyo meela laysugu yimaado xilliyo aan go'nayn iyo meelo
lagu shiro ama diinta lagu akhristo, ama lagu kala warqaato ama wixii
dan ah la isku weydaarsado. Waxa kaloo jirey waqtiyaal caan ah
oo sharciga islaamku jideeyey in laysu yimaado sida labada iidood oo
kale oo wacdi iyo waano la kala qaato.

Haddaba, waxaa hubaal ah in Aw Maxamad shirarkaas culimada
diintu markay dadka wacdiga iyo waanada u jeedinayaan ka faa'ideysan
jirey.

5


Sheeko ku-tiri-ku-teen ah waxaannu ku maqanay in Aw Maxamad
soddomaadkiisii dhul badan oo dalka gudihiisa ah oo kala duwan ma-
ray isagoo cilmi doon ah, hase ahaatee taasi run iyo been miday tahay
lama oga, waxaase la weriyey inuu cilmiga ka bartay Shiikh la oran
jirey Shiikh Abokor Shiikh Ibraahin laguna naanaysi jirey Abokor-
fool-dheere, oo degmadiisu ahayd dhinaca waqooyi ee Webi Sha-
beelle, waxa la weriyey Sayid Maxamad baa eegay Ceelka Walwaal,
kolkaasuu dhererkiisii la yaabay oo wuxuu yiri, Cilmigii Abokor-fool-
dheere ayaa buuxin lahaa. Meel kasta cilmiga ha ka barto, nin kastaba
ha ka akhristee, waxaa hubaal ah inuu Sayid Maxamad diinta Islaamka
iyo afka Carabiga aad u yiqiin, gaar ahaan qaybta loo yaqaan Cilmi-
aale oo afka Carabiga furaha u ah, markaasna wMxuu la baxay Shiikh
Maxamad Shiikh Cabdille.

TEGIDDIISII XAJKA

Waxa caado u ahaa wadaadka iyo ninka waayeelka ah oo magac
ku yeero inuu had iyo jeer xajka hammiyo. Sidaa daraaddeed kolkuu
Shiikh Maxamad sano soddomaad ku jirey wuxuu u sodcaalay dalka
(Xijaas) si uu xajka u soo guto diintana u soo kororsado, waxaana
sii raacay koox culimo ah oo reer Nugaaleed u badan. Lama caddayn karo
inuu isagu madax u ahaa iyo in kale, waxaase kooxdaas ka mid ahaa
labo abtiyaashiis ah Xaaji Aadan Seed iyo Obsiiye Seed*. Waxa
hubaal ah raggaas qaarkiis inuu isaga ka da' weynaa, kana cilmi roo-
naa, tiradoodana waxa lagu sheegay saddex iyo toban. Hase ahaatee
magacyadoodii waa lagu kala bayray. Qaarkood wuxuu ku dhintay
Maka iyo Madiina, oo sooma noqon, qaarkoodna waxa lagu diley da-
gaalladii iyo jahaadkii, qaarkoodna waxay ku beexaameen lama oga.

Shiikh Maxamad hadduu Xajkii gutey wuxuu isku deyey inuu
culimada Maka joogta cilmiga ka kororsado, waayadaasna ninkii
Xaramka soo galaa intuu doono ayuu joogi karey, xeer u diidaayeyna
ma jirin, dabadeedna culima badan oo reer Maka ah iyo kuwo kala
duwan oo dalal dibaddaa ka soo xajiyey ayey isbarteen, sheekona waa
dhex martay.

Arrinta weyn oo beryahaas socotey oo culimada iyo dadka kaleba
aad afka ugu hayeen ama laga sheekaysanaayey, Shiikh Maxamadna
dhegihiisa ku maqlayey waxay ahayd : Dagaalkii ka socdey Soodaan
oo uu Maxamad A1 Mahdi ammaanduulaha ka ahaa. Culimo badan
oo dariiqooyin kala duwan haysata oo jahaadka iyo falligiisa had iyo


jeer faallayn jireyna waa joogeen. lyadoo arrintu sidaa ahayd, in kas-
too qof goob joog u ahaa aannaan arag, haddana waxaa hubaal ah
inuu si rasmi ah ugu tegi jirey, kana qayb geli jirey fadhiyaal caadi
ah oo lagu qaban jirey Majliska Sayid Maxamad Saalax oo reer Soo-
daan ahaa, dariiqada Saalixiyana abuuray, madaxna u ahaa. Daba-
deedna Shiikh Maxamad Saalax iyo xertiisii baa lays bartay, taasina
waxay dhaxalsiisay inuu u riyaaqo dariiqada Saalixiya oo ahayd

Maka iyo Maddiina


laan ka mid ah dariiqada Axmadiya. Dabadeedna wuxuu qaatay
Saalixiya oo Jameecadeeda ka mid noqday, Shiikh Maxamad Saa-
laxna fadhiyo gaar ah buu la qaatay, si looga wada hadlo dariiqada
Saalixiya sidiii loogu faafin lahaa dalka Soomaaliya, siyaaradana
Maka loogu soo diri lahaa.

Lama oga Shiikh Maxamad Cabdille markaa ka hor dariiqaduu
ahaa ama haystay, hase ahaatee dadka qaarkii waxay leeyihiin wuxuu
ahaa qaaddiriya, in kastoo aan dalka dariiqooyin kale soo gelin, had-
dana lama hubo.

Hilaadda laba gu' hadduu Xaaji Maxamad Xaramka gudihiisa
joogey oo Shiikh Maxamad Saalax xer u ahaa, xagga diinta ha ahaato
xagga dariiqada Saalixiyase ha ahaatee, amar buuxana ka helay inuu
Shiikhudariiqa berri Soomaal ka noqdo, wixii tala ah ama dardaaran
ahaana ay kala dhammaysteen, wuxuu u soo kacay dalkiisii hooyo.
Markaasna wuxuu gaaray derejooyinkii xagga diinta ee dalka Soomaa-
liya lagu yiqiin tii ugu korreysey. Kuwaasoo ka koobnaa : Macallin,
Aw, Wadaad, Xaaji iyo Shiikh.

Lama hayo wax caddaynaaya markuu Maka ka soo noqday inuu
doonni soo raacay oo badda soo maray iyo inuu baadiyaha Yamaneed
soo maray iyo inuu meel kale u kacay. Dadka qaarkii waxay qabaan
war ku-tiri-ku-teen ah inuu Masar tegey; taasna lama hubo wax raad
ahna looma hayo. Midda aan muran ka joogini waxay tahay dhinac
kasta ha ka yimaadee inuu sodcaalkiisii Cadan soo maray oo dhawr
bilood joogey. Ammintaasna Soomaali badan ayaa magaalada Cadan
degganayd, dhaqaalaha dalka Soomaaliyana aad buu Cadan ugu
xirnaa.

SAY ID MAXAMAD IYO BERBERA

Berbera waxay ahayd magaalo fil weyn oo magac dheer. 1884kii
ayaa dawladda Ingiriisku maamulkeeda qabsatay. Turki baana uga
horreeyey oo waxay ka dhiseen masaajiddo iyo meelo cilmiga lagu barto
diinta islaamkana tusaale u ah. Waxay kaloo ahayd magaalo ganac-
siga adduunka caan ku ah, badda casna fure u ah, xagga berrigana
aan magaalooyin kale ka xigin Adari mooyee. Soomaalida badan-
keedana magaalay u ahayd oo meel kasta waa uga soo safri jireen.
Sidaa daraaddeed ayaa waxa lagu tilmaami jirey ama ay ahayd ma-


gaalo badda iyo berrigaba u furan oo culimo iyo caamo nin waliba
yimaado, gaar ahaanna culimada cilmi-doonka ahi soo tammadiso.

Xaaji Maxamad intaanu i-man waxa magaalada Berbera joogey
guuto culimo ah oo dariiqada Qaadiriya u badan. In kastoo dariiqada
Axmadiya ay dalka Soomaalida xoog ku lahaycl, haddana geesta wa-
qooyi itaal weyn kuma lahayn; in yar oo laanta Andaraawiya ka mid
ahayd oo Berbera joogtey mooyaane. Xaaji Maxamad oo dariiqada
Saalixiya wata ayaa Cadan doonni ka soo raacay, oo wuxuu ka soo
degey Berbera. War lagu kalsoon yahay wuxuu _sheegayaa markuu
xeebta yimid oo damcay alaabtiisii inuu qaato, ayaa nin Ingiriis ah oo
dekedda ka shaqaynaayay ku yiri, Alaabta cashuur ka bixi, adaan
cashuurtii bixinna alaabta qaadi maysid. Taasi Xaaji Maxamad wa-
xay ku noqotay la yaab iyo fejeciso, hase ahaatee wuxuu ku yiri, Adiga
yaa cashuur kaa qaaday markaad halkan ka soo degtey? Waddankase "
maadaa leh, maxaad cashuur iiga weyddiinaysaa ?.

Gaalkii wuxuu damcay inuu ninkaa amarkiisa diidey xiro. Hase
ahaatee turjubaankii iyo rag kaleeto oo meesha joogey ayaa ka masla-
xay oo waxay yiraahdeen, Wadaad waalan weeyee iska dhaaf. Waxa
la leeyahay magacaa la yiraahdc Mad Mullah halkaas buu ku baxay.
Dabadeedna gaalkii isagoo hadalkiisii la yaabsan ayuu faraha ka qaaday.

Magaalada Berbera 60 sano ka hor.

§


Xaaji Maxamad wuxuu dcgey Berbera, wuxuuna guursaday afo la
oran jirey Barni Xirsi oo u dhashay carruurtiisa wiilkii ugu weynaa
Mahdi Sayid Maxamad. Wuxuu halkaa ka abuuray majlis dariiqada
Saalixiya leedahay oo ijaasada(l) lagu bixiyo, wuxuuna bilaabay wacdi
iyo, waano fara badan oo diinta Islaamka fidinteeda ku saabsan, iyo
ammaanta dariiqada Saalixiyada. Taasina magaaladii waxay gelisey
bulaan iyo xiisad hor leh, wadaaddadii magaalada horey u joogeyna
waa laysku maandhaafay. Maxaa yeelay wadaaddada Qaadiriya ma
oggolayn in dariiqa cusub waddanka la soo geliyo. Hase ahaatee ga-
daalkii waxay noqotay in la wada hadlo, kutubtana la isu soo gurto
oo masalooyin diinta ah laysla wada eego. Culimadii markaa Xaaji
Maxamad ka soo hor jeeddey waxa ka mid ahaa Shiikh Cabdillaahi
Caruus, Shiikh Ibraahim Xirsi Guuleed, Shiikh Kabiir Aw Cumar,
Aw Gaas Axmed iyo culimo kaloo fara badan.

Xaaji Maxamad wuxuu ahaa nin aftahan ah oo siyaasad badan
dadkana soo jiidan og. Haddiiba magaaladii wuxuu ku yeeshay saa-
xibba u hiiliya iyo wedeeyo garab taagan iyo xer badan oo uu diinta
u mariyo oo isaga gaar u ah iyo rag kale oo dariiqadiisa raacsan. Bu-

Masaajid magaalada Berbera Turkigu ka dhisay

i) Waa hadal gaaban oo qofka la baro oo ballon qaad ah.


laankii iyo doodihii badnaa waxa ka dhashay inuu Xaaji Maxamad
yiri, Qaadka cuniddiisu waa xaaraan, gaalada in xiriir lala yeesho
ama meel lala dcgaana waa xaaraan*. Taasna culimadii kuma jeclaysaa.

1891 ayaa xeebta Berbera waxa ka soo degey ^Mission* Kirishtaan
ah oo diinta masiixiga mad-habteeda kaatooligga ah faafinaya oo ma-
gaciisa la oran jirey French Roman Catholic Mission. Waxaaaa
madax u ahaa Baaderi magaciisa la oran jirey, Father Cypriana,
dhalashadiisuna ahayd Beljik. Dabadecdna magaalada Bcrbera guda-
hegda iyo laba meelood oo dibadda ka ah oo la kala yiraahdo Dhay-
mooIe lyo Majacaseeye ayay ka fureen dugsiyo Kirishtaan ah oo
carraurta Soomaalida diinta masiixiga lagu baro. Xaaji Maxamad
Cabdille Xasan aad buu gaaladaa gumeysiga ah iyo waxyeelladoodaba
wax uga sheegay, dadkana uga digey.

Iyadoo arrintii halkaa taagan tahay ayaa waxa dhacay argagixise
fool xun oo Xaaji Maxamad siyaasaddiisii aad u taageertay. Taasoo
ahayd mid Berbera dabayl ka kicisay.

Waxa jirtey in Turkigii Xeebta Maakhirkoos u talin jirey 1865 ka
hor ay magaalada Berbsra ka dhiseen daar weyn oo dawladdu leedahay
iyo masaajid ku qabsan. Dabadeedna daartii waxa degey nin Ingiriis
ah, masaajidkana sida caadada Islaamku tahay had iyo jeer waa laga
acldimi jirey, waana lagu tukan jirey. Dhawr goor haddii gaalkii ka
cawday oo culimadii la hadlay oo ku yiri qaylada iga daaya, hase ahaa-
tee aan hadalkiisii dheg loo dhigin, ayuu maalintii dambe wadaadkii
masaajidka ka addimaayey xabbad ku dhiftay(l). Taasina aad bay
magaaladii u kicisay, Xaaji Maxamad wuxuu sheegaayeyna marag bay
u noqotay, isagana caro iyo caloolxumo bay u kordhisay, hadallo waa-
weynaa wuu ka geystey, isagoo dadka ku guubaabinaya dagaal, jahaad
iyo in gaalada la laayo. Hase ahaatee niman doxorayaal ah baa gaalkii
magaalada Berbera maamulaayey u tegey oo waxay ku yiraahdeen,
Wadaad dhiirran oo dawladda iyo dadka daacadda u ahba aad war
uga sheegay, ummaddana isku diraya ayaa jira.

Arrimaha weli raadkoodii sii nool yahay oo aan la allaawin wax*
ka mid ahaa wadaad la oran jirey Aw Gaas Axmed ayaa markuu ha-
dalladii Xaaji Maxamad eegay, fanfanka ka soo baxayana arkay, gaalkii

1) Arrintaa sheekaan ku maqallay ee wax qopxal ah iyo dad goob
joog u ahaa midna ma arag.

11


u tegey oo wuxuu ku yiri, Wadaadkaasu wax buu soo wadaa. Had-
daan haatan la qabanna meel fog baa laga dooni doonaa. Hase ahaa-
tee gaalkii hadalkaa dheg uma raaricin. Aw Gaas Axmed wuxuu wey-
diistey in hadalkaas uu sheegay loo qoro. Dabadeedna markii hadalkii
rumoobey Aw Gaas mushahar baa loo qoray, intuu noolaana waa qaa-
dan jirey.

KABIXIDDIISII BERBERA

Iyadoo arrintii sidaa u socoto, Xaaji Maxamad gadaalkii wuxuu
goostay inuu Berbera ka baxo oo reer baadiyaha dhex tago. Ujeeddada
weyn ee reer miyiga uu u doortayna waxay ahayd saddex hal :

1) Ammintaas Soomaaliya 99% waxay degganayd baadiyaha.

2) Dadka baadiyaha degganaa Ingiriiska wax xiriir ah ama he-
shiis ah lama lahayn.

3). Reer baadiyaha maskaxdooda lama qaldin oo gumeysiga iyo
xeeladihiisaba waa ka fayoobaayeen xaajiguna ujeeddadiisa
wuu dhacsiin karay.

Dabadeedna 1897 dabayaaqadiisii ayaa Xaaji Maxamad ka baxay
magaalada Berbera, isagoo koox wadaadda ahi la socdaan, wuxuuna
sii maray meelihii Mission ku degganaa, isagoo doonaya inuu ogaado
heerka arrinkoodu marayo iyo shaqada ay halkaa ka wadaan. Waxa
la weriyey Xaaji Maxamad inuu u yeeray wiil ku jira dugsiga Mis-
sionJka oo uu ku yiri, Magacaa?. Wiilkii wuxuu yiri, Magacayga
waxa la yiraahdaa Joon Cabdillaahi. Dabadeedna yaa tahay buu
ku yiri, wiilkiina wuuxu yiri reer Father baan ahay. Halkaa waxa
uga caddaatay in diintii la beddeley, carruurtiina la magacdoorlyey,
dalkiina la qaatay. Douglas Jardine oo arrintaas ka warramayna
wuxuu yiiri(1) :

To some extent this propaganda was assisted by the labour of
a French Roman Catholic Mission in Rerbera, which fed and educated
the starving and homeless child;-n of the country with a view to con-
verting them to the Christian Isligion.

THE MAD MULLAH OF SOMALILAND, by Douglas Jardine,
O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First
Edition; London 1923; p. 48.


Hadalkaas af Soomaali waxay loogu tarjami karaa sidatan :-

Inta badan, iidhehdaas fidinteeda waxaa si weyn u caawiyey
hawlihii baaderiyada Katooligga Faransiiska ee Berbera fadhiyey oo
cunto iyo tacliinba siinaayey carruurtii dalka ee bakhtiyeysey oo aan
hoyga lahayn, si loogu abaafciyo diinta Kirishtada.

Markuu meelahaa indha indheeyey, horay buu u sii dhaafay oo
wuxuu tegey Shiikh oo Dariiqo Qaadiriya ahi tiil. Culimadii joog-
teyna wuxuu kala hadlay gaalada diinta Masiixiga ah faafinaysa oo
dooneysa inay diinta Islaamka beddelaan. Dariiqada Shiikh hadduu
ka soo kacayna, wuxuu yimid Burco oo markaa ahayd ceel xooluhu
ka cabbaan. Dabadeedna wuxuu u dhaafay dhinaca Oodweyne oo uu
kula kulmay Suldaan Nuur Axmed Ammaan oo dalkaas magac weyn
ku lahaa. Halkaasna si wanaagsan baa Xaaji Maxamad loogu soo
dhoweeyey, Suldaankiina wey is-afgarteen.

DEGIDDII QORYAWEYN

Qoryaweyn waa Ceel magaalada Caynaba geesta galbeed ka xiga
oo hilaadda 29 mayl u jira oo aan saas biyo badan u lahayn, Sayid
Maxamadna halkaasaa ugu horreysey meel uu Daraawiish asaaskeeda ka
bilaabo, dariiqada Saalixiyana ka fidiyo.

1898 ayaa Sayid Maxamad Ceelkaa Qoryaweyn hooso ama waab
kgu tukado kutubtana lagu raacdo ka dhisay. Muddo gaaban ka dibna
wuxuu u rogey masaajid weyn wuxuuna dadka ugu baaqay in diinta
la barto, Dariiqada Saalixiyana la galo, xoolahana siyaaro laga bixiyo,
Daraawiishna la noqdo; wuxuuna bilaabay dicaayad iyo wax-ka- shee-
gid gaalada ka hor jeedda, si dadku u garto ugana digtoonaado gu-
meysiga iyo waxyeellada uu leeyahay. Muddo gaaban dhexdeed dad
fara badan baa u riyaaqay dariiqada Saalixiya, magaca darwiish la yi-
raahdana waa hirgalay dadkiina wuxuu siiyey duub cad iyo tusbax
KUUK ah. Digrigii dariiqada Saalixiya iyo tawasulkii Shiikh Ma-
xamad Saalax astaanta u ahaa baa halqabsi u noqday, taasina waxay
dhalisay inay meeshii xarun noqoto oo culimo iyo caamo nin waliba
yimaado isagoo reerkiisii wata, diintana baranaya.

Markuu reer baadiyaha dhex tegey wuxuu ku dadaalay inuu
xumaantii dadka ku kala dhex jirtey ka saaro oo heshiis iyo walaalnimo

13


dhex dhigo taasna aad baa loogu jeclaystay, waxaaba la yiri, Waa weli
Ilaah ummadda u soo diray.

Sayid Maxamad wuxuu gaar ahaan u muujiyey baahida uu u qabo
hub iyo fardo inuu helo, wuxuuna dadka ku waaniyey ninkii diinta
daacad u ahow ama janna doonayow buntuqaaga iyo faraskaaga da-
riiqada keen. Xeeladda labaad oo la yaabka leh oo uu ku kacayna
waxay ahayd ninba ninkuu k& waxtar roona ayuu si wanaagsan u soo
dhoweeyey oo gacanta qabsaday.

1899 waxa dhacday arrin sheeka lala yaabo leh. Waxa la yiri
dhawr nin oo ilaalo ah oo ciidammada Ingiriiska ka tirsan, ayaa Sayid
Maxamad u tegey. Nimankaas lama oga in Ingiriisku soo diray iyo in
kale. Markuu sooray aadna u maamuusay ayuu ku yiri, Dabkaad
sidataan, gaal baa leh ee maad daraawiishta kaalmo u siisaan ama naga
iibsataan?. Dabadeedna nin raggaa ka mid ahaa oo la oran jirey
Ducaale Xirsi ayaa hadalkii u guuxay oo buntukhiisii afar geel ah Sayid
Maxamad ka siistay. Ragga taariikhda qora qaarkood waxay yiraah-
deen markuu ninkaasu ka xog warramay, wuxuu war ku bixiyey in
buntukhii Sayid Maxamad ka xaday. Hase ahaatee daraawiishi waxay
tiri sidaa ma ahayn. Ninkaasi xogwarrankiisii wuxuu ku yiri, buntukhii
Sayid Maxamad baa iga xoogey. Si kastaba arrintu ha ahaato ama ha u
helee waxa hubaal ah in buntukhii Sayidka gacantiisa galay. Sida runta
ah hubka ey Daraawiishi ku dagaal gashay badankiisa wexey ka furteen
ciidankii ingiriiska, gaar ahaan labada goobood oo kala aahaa Beer-
dhiga iyo Cagaar-weyne. Buntukhaasina wuxuu ahaa kii ugu ho^-
reeyey ee gacantiisa gala, marka loo eego hubka ey furteen. Ninkii ma-
gaalada Berbera Ingiriiska u fadhiyey waraaq erayo kululi ku qoran yi-
hiin oo uu buntukhaa ku doonayo buu Sayidka u soo diray. Sayidkuna
wuxuu ugu war celiyey waraaq la mid ah oo uu buntukhii ku diidayo.

Labadii waraaqood waa kuwakanC1) :-

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E.
(Secretary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First
Edition; London 1923; p. 41-2.




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Warqad IngiriiskuSayid Maxamed u diray

k............... _

Warqad Sayid Maxamed Ingiriis ugu jawaabay


WARBIX1N QARSOON

Biiihii Daraawiishtu Ceelka Qorya-weyn degganayd waxaa la faa-
fiyey,, ama> la fidiyey, dicaayad guubaabo hanjabaad iyo faan
oo waxa la is dhexmariyey. Berbera waa la gubi gaalana waa
laga saari, baddaana waanu tallaabi, beri waxaanu dhigno ha la ogaa-
do iyo wax la mid ah. Sayidku waraaq buu u diray Suldaan Diiriye
Suldaan- Xasan, isagoo- uga digaya (in carruurtooda la gaalaysiiyo) wa-
raaqdaas markii' laga dhex akhriyey shir weyne Suldaan Diiriye ka ta-
linaayo. waxa kacay bulaan xagga diinta ah iyo dabayl bari ka soo dha-
caysa (Douglas Jardine) oo arrintaas wax yar ka qoray wuxuu yiri :

Do you not see, the Mullah wrote to the Aidagalla tribe in July
1899, that the infidels have destroyed our religion and made our child-
ren their children? With a religious revival in view he laboured, le-
gitimately enough, for four years from 1895 1899, but with scanty
success.

Bishii Luulyo 1899, Sayidku waraaq buu u diray degmada Ciidagale
isagoo ku leh, Saw ma aragtaan inay gaaladii baabi'iyeen diinteennii oo
carruurteennii ay ka dhigeen carruurtoodii. Sayidku isagoo doonaya
inuu sameeyo kacaan diiniya garna u leh afar sano oo ka bilaabata
1895 1899 ayuu ku hawllanaa, in kastoo aanu guul weyn ka gaarin.

Sayidku markii hore Siyaasaddiisa wuxuu ka bilaabay dhinaca
diinta wuxuuna ku kacay inuu masiixiga iyo maxamadiyada isku diro;
sida runta ah taasna guul buu ka gaarey. Waana arrinta qur ah oo uu
dadka ku kiciyey ama lagu raacay. Waagaas waxa jirtey haddii waraaq
daraawiish ka timi la helo badanaaba ingiriiska ayaa loo gudbin jirey
si kalsooni iyo xoolaba looga helo. Sida laga xigtey xog warran uu u
qoray qunsulkii guud ee markaa dalka Soomaaliya Ingiriiska u fadhi-
yey Taliyaha Guud ee Cadmeed oo shaqadiisu ku xirnayd.

Muddo ka dib ayaa waraaqdaas loo geeyey qunsulkii guud ka dibna
faalla dheer buu ka bixiyey wuxuse aad ugu dheeraaday mishinkii Ber-
bera fadhiyey dabadeed waraaqduu- diray 20kii Agoosto 1899 oo weliba
siyaasad qarsoon lagu diray waa tan(!):

(1) Waxaa laga dhex helay waraaqihii dagaallada Daraawiishta.

16


to:

Hex Majesty Principal Secretary of State
for Foreign Affairs
London.

Hargeysa, 20th August, 1899.

No. 69.

Political Confidential.
My Lord

I have the honour to enclose translation of a letter from the Mul-
lah Muhammad Abdullah to the Aidagalleh, as a specimen of the
manner in which he has been trying to seduce the tribes from their
allegiance to us. Although this letter has only now come into my hands
there is reason to believe that it reached Sultan Deria of the Aidagalleh
some two months ago, for the Sheikh Madar tells me that about that
time Sultan Deria sent a message to him saying that he had heard from
the Mullah and asking his advice as to whether he should join him
or not.

The allusion to making our children their children evidently refers
to the Roman Catholic Mission at Berbera, about which it is known
that Sultan Nur sent and took false reports to the Mullah, probably
with the view of ingratiating himself with him.

I may here explain that the Mission consists of three members -
two Fathers and one Brother and 69 boys. The mission has been
established for many years in Berbera, and though it was looked upon
with suspicion at first that feeling has worn off and the people are
now well accustomed to the presence of the Fathers, and pay little
attention to their educational proceedings. No boy can be received into
the Mission without the consent of a near relation who has to sign
a paper in the presence of the Vice-Consul that he leaves the boy of
his own free will and that he will not with-draw him before a certain
age, which is generally fixed at eighteen. As a rule the boys are brought
to the Mission by their parents to save the latter the expense of keeping
them. The fathers take great pains with the education of the boys but
they have not been altogether fortunate in those they have turned, out;
and in the case of the few converts they have made these revert to their
people. As Medical Missionnaries the Fathers have done a great deal of
good in dispensing medicines and healing the sick in the town, and
this is appreciated by the town people.

17


Attached to the Mission, but in a separate building, are a Lady
Superior and two Sisters. They never have more than three or four
small girls from the wive and trays of the town, who stay but a short
time with them. The institution is a failure; the Sisters are generally
ill, and I have more than once suggested to the Fathers the impropriety
of subjecting the Sisters to the deleterious effects of residence for con-
secutive hot weathers on the Coast for such poor results.

It is the hope of the Mission that they may be allowed to move
on to the upland of the Protectorate. Such a question, they have been
told, cannot be considered for some years to come.

I do not consider that the presence of this Mission in Berbera has
had anything to do with the movement that originated in the Dolbahanta,
though it is doubless a useful lever with which to try and raise disaf-
fection amongst our Mahomedan tribes. I showed the letter to which
allusion has been made above to Sheikh Madar, the head of the re-
ligious community here and he at once said Why, it is the writer who
is destroying our religion.

I have very little to report regarding the Mullah, he is still in

the neighbourhood of Bohotele, but Rumoyrs are current that he is
shortly making a move towards Burao. On the other hand the sections
of the eastern Habr Yunis who have all along been reported to be with
him, have now written in asking to be allowed to go to Berbera. They
have been told to send their headmen to Berbera where they will be
told the conditions on which they will be permitted to bring in their
caravans. I propose to allow these people to trade as usual with our
ports as it is my object to detach them quietly from the Mullah, but
in order to have a hold over them after the caravan season is over
I shall take a cash security from each section before it is permitted
to bring its caravans.

Habr Yunis tribes, where I shall be in close touch with Berbera and
better able to sift the reports from the eastern districts than I am here.

I have the honour to be

Your Lordships most obedient
Humble Servant
H. B. M. Consul General
Somali Coast Protectorate.

A copy of this Despatch is being sent to Cairo.

18


Warqaddaas waxa Af Soomaali loogu tarjumi kara sida soo socoto:

Ku : Xoghayaha Guud ee Boqoradda
ee Arrimaha Dibedde London

No. 69

Sir-qarsoon
Mudanahaygii,

Hargeysa
20kii Agust 1899

Waxaa sharaf ii ah inaati halkan kuugu soo lifaaqo tarjamad
wadaadka Maxamed Qabdulle uu u diray Ciidagale, gaar ahaan sida
uu isugu deyey inuu u beerlaxawsado oo ka gooyo daacadda ay noo
yihiin. Iyadoo warqaddaan ay haatan i soo gaartey, waxaa la maleyn
karaa in Suldaanka Ciidagale oo ah Suldaan Diiriye uu helay war-
qaddaas muddo laga joogo labo bilood, maxaayeelay Shiikhaa wuxuu
iigu sheegay warqaddiisa u uu ka helay farriin wadaadka uu ku wey~
diisanayo inuu kala taliyo hadduu ku soo biiri lahaa dariiqada iyo
haddii kale.

Marka uu leeyahay (Carruurtayadii ayey carruurtoodii ka dhiga-
yaan) wuxuu ula jeedaa Kaniisadda Masiixiga ah ee ku taal Berbera
taasoo la ogsoon yahay in Suldaan Nuur warar been ah wadaadka,
ka siiyey, lagama yaabo inuu naftigiisu damacsan yahay inuu wax la
qabsado wadaadka. Waxaan halkan kuugu tifaftiri karaa Mishinku
inuu ka kooban yahay, saddex qofood : Labo Baadri (wadaad) iyo
hal baadri ku xigeen iyo 69 wiil. Kaniisaddani waxay ka dhisnayd
Berbera sanooyin fara badan, intkastoo markii hore aad looga tuhun
qabay, haatan waxaad mooddaa dadku inuusan dan ka lahayn habka
waxbariddooda. Canugna loomo oggola inuu Mishinku qabto isagoo
eyan la socon wixii markaa ehel ugu dhaw, iyadoo weliba Qunsul
ku-xigeenka hortiisa lagaga saxiixayo warqad uu ku caddaynaayo in-
uusan ka saari doonin Mishinka ilaa uu ka gaaro 18 sano.

Waxaa caado ahayd in wiilasha ay keenaan Mishanka waalid-
kood, si ay ugu fursadaan kharashka korintooda iyo waxbariddooda.

Baadiriyaashu dhibaato xoog leh ayay kala kulmeen waxbaridda
carruurtaas, laakiin nasiibdarradu waxay ahayd, inta yar oo ay gaa-
leysiiyaan, marka ay reerahoodii dib ugu laabtaan ayay waxay ku
noqdaan diintoodii Islaamka.

Marka aan ka eegno hawsha Baadiriyaasha xagga caajimaadka,
waxay qaybshaan daawooyin, waxay daweeyaan kuwa jirran ee ma-
gaalada taasoo reer magaalku aad ugu qaddariyo.

19


Waxaa Mishinka la xiriira oo gooni u deggan saddex gabdhood
oo wadaadda ah (Soorrooyln) oo mldi madax tahay. Weligood ma
helin wax ka badan saddex ama afar gabdhood oo yaryar ah oo aan
waalid lahayn ama wax daba jooga, kuwaasoo ay ka soo kaxaystaan
dariiqyada magaalada, waxayna la joogaan muddo gaaban, ku abuu-
rista Mishinka halkan waa lagu khasaaray, gabdhaha wadaaddada ah,
inta badan waa bukaan, dhawr goor waxaan kula taliyey Baadariyaa-
sha, inay ka kaxeeyaan gabdhaha wadaaddada ah hawadan xeebta oo
aad u kulul, mar haddii natiijada ay soo saarayaan eyan u dhigmin
dhibaatada gaaraysa caafimaadkooda.

Mishinku wuxuu rajeynayaa in loo oggolaado inuu u guuro Max-
miyadda gudaheeda oo uu ka fogaado xeebta, arrintaas waxaa horny
loogu sheegay, inaan sannadaha soo socdota lagu tashan karin. Aniga
ilama aha joogista Mishinka magaalada Berbera iney lug ku leedahay
dhaqdhaqaaqa Dhulbahantaha, inkastoo aan shaki ku jirin iney taasi
ka careysiineyso muslimiinta raaciyadda inoo ah. Warqadda aan horay
u soo sheegnay waxan tusay Sheekh Madar, oo madax u ah dariiqada
halkan joogta, wuxuuna igu yiri markiiba Maxaa dhacay, ninka wa-
rqaddan soo qoray ayaaba duminaya diintayadiiye.

War fiican kama hayo wadaadka, laakiin war ku tiri ku teen ah
wuxuu sheegayaa in dhowaan uu u guur'i doono xagga iyo Burco.

Midda kale qolooyinkii reer Bari ee Habar Yoonis, oo horay u
raacsanaa wadaadka, haatan warqad bay soo qoreen oo ay ku way-
diisanayaan in loo oggolaado iney tagaan magaalada Berbera. Waxaa
loo sheegay iney u soo diraan madaxdooda Berbera, halkaasoo loogu
sheegi doono shuruudaha loogu oggolaanayo inay safarradooda soo
geshaan magaalada. Waxaan soo jeedinayaa in Habar. Yoonis loo og-
golaado iney ka ganacsadaan dekedahayaga ulajeeddadaydoo ah iney
ka soo go'aan wadaadka, ama aan gacanta ugu hayo, marka uu xil-
liga safruhu dhammaado, jilib walba waxaan ka qaadayaa dammaanad
lacageed, inta aan loo oggolaan iney safarradooda kaxaystaan.

Berrito qalcaddayda waxaan u rari doonaa xagga iyo H&bar Yoo-
nis galbeed, halkaasoo aan u dhowaanayo Berbera, si aan si hagaaagsan
ugu kala saaro wararka ka imaanaya degmooyinka Bari.

Waxaa sharaf ii ah inaan kuu ahaado Mudane, adeegahaagii daa-
cadda

H. B. M. Qunsulka Guud
Maxmiyadda Xeebta Soomaaliyeed

Nuqul ka mid ah warqaddan waxaa loo diray Qaahira.


Ugu dambaystii Mishinkii (Kirishtaanka) ahaa Soomaaliya waa
laga saaray, Kaniisaddiina waa la xiray, markii Ingiriisku saadiyey,
haddii Mishinku dalka ka guuro, dagaalka iyo werarradu waa dama-
yaan, hase ahaatee malahaasi waa beenoobey, sida uu sheegaayo arji
uu qoray nin Baadari ah oo Cadan fadhiyey 1911 kii isagoo dawladda
Ingiriiska weydiisanaya, in loo oggolaado inuu mar labaad, magaalada
(Berbera) kaniisad Kirishtaan ah ka furo taana waa laga diidey.

1899 bartamihiisii ayaa Sayid Maxamed isku dubba ridey dad

lagu qiyaasay hilaadda 5,000 oo qof oo rag iyo dumar isugu jira,
magaca daraawiisheedna wata, xoolo ku filan oo geel iyo fardo u ba-
danna haysta, iyo laba boqol oo buntukh. Dadkaasina wuxuu u bad-
naa dadkii Nugaal degi jirey. Arrimaha Sayidka ay u taageereenna
waxa ugu wacan laba hal :

1) Sayidka oo ka dhashay oo ey aqoon dheeraad ah u lahaa-
yeen, dadkana Diinta Islaamka iyo Dariiqada Saalixiya
ugu baaqay.

2) Iyagoo Ingiriiska wax xiriir ah ama heshiis ah aan la lahayn.
Xeebahana aan wax ganacsi ah la lahayn iyo iyagoo reer baa-
diya ahaa.

1899 bishii Abril ayaa Ingiriisku dhab u rumaystay in meeshaas
dhaqdhaqaaq iyaga ka soo horjeedaa jiro, hase ahaatee waxsaan la hu-
biin dhaqdhaqaaqaasu inuu horay u socon doono iyo in kale. Goor
gumeysigu damacsan yahay bal in rag ciidammada wardoonka ka tirsan
halkaas loo diro si loo ogaado waxa meeshaa ka socda ayaa daraawiish-
tii Qoryaweyn ka guurtay oo waxay u kacday dhinacaas bari. Geeddi-
gaasu wuxuu baabbi'iyey cabsidii Ingiriisku ka qabay mar haddii wa-
daadkii iyo wuxuu watay baadiyaha bari u guureen waxba tari maayaan.

Dariiqadii hadday Qoryaweyn ka guurtay waxay degtey balli la yi-
raahdo Dareemacaddo oo Buuhoodle dhanka waqooyi galbeed ka xiga.
Gugaa waxa loo bixiyey Tawasulley maxaa yeelay tawasulkii halku-
dheggiisu ahaa Shay Lillaahi Sheek Maxamad Saalax oo dariiqada
Saalixiya astaanta u ahaa ayaa aad u faafay, dadkii Ciid iyo Nugaal
degganaa iyagoo aan hambayn cidina ka harin ayay daraawiish noq-
deen. Dad kaloo culimo u badan oo muhaaiir ahina waa yimaadeen,
warkoodiina kor buu u kacay, dadkuna waa jeclaaday.

21


Sayidku wuxuu ku caan baxay Aftahamo, deeq, wax qaradnimo iyo
isagoo diinta islaamka aqoon dheer u lahaa markaasaa dadkii meel walba
uga yimid :si ay u dhegeystaan hadalladiisa murtida leh iyo waanadiisa ma-
caan, taasi waxay keentaay in la yiraahdo ninku waa weli xagga Eebbe
looga warramo.

Odayaal warkooda lagu kalsoon yahay waxa laga weriyey nin dan-
ley ah oo aan magaciisii la helin ayaa nin la oranjirey Firin Qodax
Faahiye oo hodan maal qabeen ahaa, geela u raaci jirey, waxana lagu
heshiiyey inuu gugii la arkaba qaalin geel ah hawl u siiyo. Hase ahaa-
tee markuu dhawr gu' geelii ilaalinaayey ayuu hawlkiisii weydiistey. Firin
wuxuu yiri, Waxba ku siin maayo. Taasna ninkii geeljirka ahaa
waa ka xumaaday. Dabadeedna wuxuu goostay mar haddii xaqiisii
loo diidey inuu xoolaha Firin wax ka dhaco. Wuxuuse ka yaabay in
laga daba yimaado oo la dilo ama dadka uu dhex marayaa waxyeello
u geystaan.

Markii dambe ayuu wuxuu sheeko ku maqlay iyadoo la leeyahay
wadaadka soo baxay wuxuu jecel yahay fardaha oo ninkii faras u geeya
wuxuu ka siistaa toban geela. Ninkii geela raaci jirey wuxuu goostay
inuu faras Firin leeyahay la baxsado, dabadeedna wadaadkaa u geeyo
oo geel ka siisto. Taasina waa u suura gashay, habeenkii dambe ayuu
Faraskii la tegey.

Firin Qodox waa raacdo galay oo wuxuu ninkii iyo faraskii ugu
tegey Dariiqadii, wuxuu arkay faraskiisii oo fardihii Daraawiishta ku
jira, wuxuu yiri, Faraskan anaa layga soo dhacaye ha lay siiyo. Nin-
kiina arrintu siday ahayd ayuu ka warramay. Dabadeedna waxaa Firin
Sayidkii ku yiri, Ninkanu xaq buu kuu sheeganayaaye ka gar bax.

Ninku hadduu wax ii sheeganayo Ferenjiga haw tago oo hayga
dacweeyo, anigase faraskayga ha lay siiyo Firin baa yiri.

Sayidkii wuxuu yiri, Mar haddaad gar qaybtii muslinka diiddey oo
tan gaalka oggoshahay, gaal baad tahay, oo waad xujawdey, sharciguna
waa ku dilayaa. Dabadeedna waa la diley, ninkaasaana ugu horree-
yey nin xaruntii daraawiishta ku dhinta, Garaad Calina wuxuu ahaa
ninkii labaad.

22


BILOWGII DHAQDHAOAAOA

Abbaaraha bishii Oktoobar 1899 ayaa daraawiishtii talo ku gaartay
mar haddaynu damacsannahay inaynu diinta noolayno, dariiqada
Saalixiyana faafinno, gaaladana ku jahaadno, dad iyo duunyo urur-
sano, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah inaynu garab iyo gaashaan ka
helno, degmooyinka galbeed Togdheer, Burco, Oodweyne iyo intii ka
dhaxaysa deggan. Dabadeedna hub iyo faras wixii markaa la heli karo
inta la urursaday ayaa waxa la guddoonsaday in galbeed shir loogu
baxo. Sidaasna waxa looga jeedey laba hal :

1) In gaalada la cabsi geliyo oo dhaqdhaqaaq la sameeyo.

2) Aadane waa indho kumiyirre e in Israacooda iyo wadajir-
kooda degmooyinka galbeed deggan ku soo jiitaan.

Beryahaasna waxa Daraawiishta dhexdeeda laga faafiyey ninkii
aan ina raacin oo waxaynnu wadno innala wadin waa gaala caawin
ee ha la xujeeyo, xoolahana ha laga dhaco. Si arrintaas loo beeniyo
darteed ayaa rag shan kun oo nin lagu qiyaasay, Sayid Maxamadna
hor socodaa ay galbeed u ambabaxeen. Dabadeedna colkii wuxuu te-
gey Beer, Burco iyo Oodweyne. Wuxuu dareemay mooyee, markii Beer
la maraayey ayaa Garaad Cali Garaad Maxamuud dib uga noqday.

Dadkii arladaa degganaa dhiilaa gashay oo waxay moodeen in iyaga
lagu soo duuley, hase ahaatee waxa lagu yiri, waxaan ku jahaadeynaa
gaalada iyo dadka raacsan, dabadeedna waxay gubeen dariiqo Qaadi-
riya ah oo Shiikh degganayd. Douglas Jardine wuxuu qoray: Waxaa
beryahaa la faafiyey in wadaadku Berbera gubi doono, Mishinkana
baabi'in doono, dabadeedna cabsi daraaddeed ayaa Hindigii iyo Ca-
rabtii maalqabeenka ahaa magaaladii ka qaxeen oo Cadan u dhoo-
feen(1).

In kastoo gadaalkii ballan fur foolxumi dhacay oo talo iyo
arrinba lagu kala boodey, haddana markaas aad baa loogu
dabbaal degey, daraawiishta ujeeddadeeduna waxay ahayd dhoolla tusad
iyo hanjabaad siday doonayeenna waa u meel martay. Iyagoo xoolo
siyaaro loo siiyey oo geel iyo fardo u badan wata ayay dib u soo
geddoomeen.

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E. (Secre-
tary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition;
London, 1923; p. 42.

23


Dayrta ia oran jlrey Tawasulle Gugeedii ayaa Daraawiishtii xag-
ga bari u sii guurtay, warkoodiina aad buu dalka ugu baahay, dadkiina
ugu riyaaqay, geeddigaasna waxa ugu wacnaa laba hal

1) Sayid Maxamad oo doonaayey inuu reer abtigii dhex tago
si uu garab iyo gaasbaan iyo gargaarba uga helo, iyo raggii
la socdey oo jiitey.

2) Ololaha daraawiishta oo dalka bariga deggan lagu fidiyo, la-
guna faafiyo dabadeedna dariiqadii waxay tagtay Dhuuglim,
Widhwidh iyo Hareerihiisa, dadkiina waa batay; dabadeedna
waxa la gartay saddex hal :-

1) In la abuuro niman magacooda la yiraahdo Qusuusi oo had
iyo jeer Sayidka la taliya.

2) In la sooco Gaarhaye xarunta gudaheeda iyo Sayidka ilaa-
liya.

3) Qofkii la garan waayo ama loo maleyo inuu Daraawiish
ka meel yahay ama doonaya inuu is hor taago marka hore
in la waaniyo oo lala taliyo, hadduuse taladaas iyo waanadaas
qaadan waayo in laga tashada.

Ingiriisku wuxuu sheegay : Bishii Oktoobar 1899, inay Boosaaso
u gudubtay dooni wadata calanka Faransiiska oo sidda banaatiikh iyo
saanad, waxa hubkaa iibsaday Boqor Cismaan, dabadeedna wuxuu u
gudbiyey Sayid Maxamad(1).

Haddaba haddaynu hadalkaas runtiisii baadi doono, Xaaji Xasan
Aw Faarax oo ka mid ahaa ragga ganacsatada waagaas taariikhda
Daraawiishtana aad ula socdey, wuxuu yiri :

Laba nin oo la kala oran jirey Xaaji Cismaan Cali Guuleed iyo
Cali-Askar Maxamad Meecaad ayaa Sayid Maxamad u geeyey labaatan
buntukh oo waxay ka siisteen midkiiba toban geel ah. Waxa laga yaa-
baa in nimankaasi dabka ka keeneen Jabuuti, waxase hubaal ah in ba-
naatiikhdu Daraawiishta Boosaaso uga iman jirtey mar hore iyo mar
dembeba.

Official History of the operations in Somaliland, 1901 1904
Vol I, p. 50.

24


DILKII GARAAD CALI

Garaad Cali Garaad Maxamuud oo ammintaas reer Nugaaleed Bo-
qor u ahaa iyo rag kale oo talada ku raacsanaa ama la talin jirey ayaa
run ahaan arrinta Sayid Maxamad wado diiddanaa oo dariiqada.
Dabadeedna rag xigaalo u ah ayaa loo diray oo waxa la yiri,
Bal Garaadka ha lala hadlo. Hase ahaatee Garaadka markii xaaja-
dii loo geeyey oo lagu yiri, Dariiqada qaado, jahaadkana nala
gala, wuxuu soo jeediyey talo ah : Wadaadku wixii diin ah ama diin-
ta ku lug leh ha xukumo. Wixii reer ah ama dadka Nugaal deggan
xaalkooda ah ha dhaafo, dhulkayagana gaalo ma joogto, tan xeebaha
iyo magaalooyinka lagu sheegayana dagaal ku doonaan mayno.

Maantii dambe ayaa Sayidkii Garaadkii cid u diray oo wuxuu ku
yiri, Garaad bal aan tashannee noo kaalay. Dariiqadana rag badan
oo Garaadka la dhashay ama la xidid ah baa jooga, isla mar-
kaa Garaadkii inuu dariiqada tago oo Sayidka iyo raggiisa la xaa-
joodo waa oggolaaday. Ammintii ballanku ahaa ayaa Garaadkii iyo rag
la socdaa dariiqadii yimaaddeen. Dabadeedna Sayid Maxamad baa yiri
Garaad labadeennu aan aqal gaar ah tagno oo wada hadallo
Hase yeeshee Garaadkii waa diiday oo wuxuu yiri, Anigu raggayga
kama faqo. Markaasaa Sayidkii ku dedaalay si uu u hagaajiyo aqal
weyn oo ragga wada qaada. Kolkaasaa Garaadkii xan wuxuu ku yiri,
Kabash-kabashley, wallee aniga iyo adigu Nugaal kama wada talino.
Hadalkaa ayaa Sayidkii loo sheegay. In kastoo hadal waayeel oo hufan
lagu wada hadlay Garaadkii wuxuu yiri, Nugaal iyo dadka deggan
anaa Boqor u ah. Taladooda nin iiga dambeeya maahee ninna uga
dambayn maayo!.

Bishii Oktoobar 1899 ayaa waxa sir lagu ogaaday in Garaadkii
laba warqadood oo kala duwan diray : middood wuxu u diray Bo-
qor Cismaan oo u talin jirey Gobolka Boosaaso iyo xeebaha Bari oo ku
yiri, Wadaad Ogaadeen ah oo dariiqo aan dhulkan laga aqoon wata
ayaa dunidii walaaqay, dadlciina kaxaystay. Dab iyo askarba ii soo
dir. Midkalena wuxu u diray Ingiriiska. Hase ahaatee waraaqdaa
uu Ingiriisku u diray waa la qabtayC1). Markii taa la ogaaday, horena
loo tuhumsanaa, waxa loo qaatay inuu daraawiish ka soo hor jeedo.
Dabadeedna rag baa loo diray oo waa la xujeeyey waana la diley isa-
goo war ma qabto ah.

l) THE MODERN HISTORY OF SOMALILAND, by I. M. Lewis,

London 1965, p. 70.

25


Taasi hadday dhacday, dadkii waxa gashay dhiillo, raggii madaxda
ahaa qaarkoodna waa ka xumaaday, Daraawiishtiina waxay ku sigatay
inay kala yaacdo. Markaasaa Sayid Maxamad iyo raggiisii waxay ka
baqeen in arrintu xumaato; waxayna la noqotay inay Nugaal ka guu-
raan oo Ogaadeen u kacaan. Kolkaasaa dariiqadii guurtay oo waxay
u kacday aria Ogaadeen.

DARAAWIISH IYO OGAADEEN

Daraawiishi Ciid iyo Nugaal hadday ka guurtay oo u kacday arlo
Ogaadeen, waxay saldhigtay Haradigeed oo ah bartamaha degmada reer
Subeer. Cabdi Maxamed Waal, o ahaa nin karmeed la yaqaan ayaa
daraawiishta hor maray, si wanaagsanna waa u taageeray, dabadeed-
na waxa Sayidka u dhisay walaashiis Tooxyar Shiikh Cabdulle. Si
maamuus iyo xarrago leh ayaa loo soo dhov/eeyey looguna soo shi-
ray. Markii Sayidkii u warramay, ujeeddadiisii iyo wuxuu da-
macsan yahayna u sheegay, aad baa werdigii dariiqada Saalixiya loo
qaatay. Waxa aad loola sii dhacay markuu degmooyin badan oo colaa-
di ka dhexeysey heshiis dhex dhigay, dadkiina wanaag iyo walaalnimo
loogu baaqay.

Markuu Haradigeed tegey wuxuu soo saaray xukun ku saabsan
Nabadgelyada dadka wuxuuna ku dedaaley inuu nabad dadka dhex
dhigo oo wixii xaq isku lahaa kala siiyo, ninkii xumaan geystana xa-
raasho. Taa waxaa marag u ah Geeraar uu markaa mariyey Xuseen
Dhiqle. Wuxuu yiri :-

Niman baa Cagaciidiyo, Camuudoo ka horreysey iyo

Cabaydhii Gacan-dhiille, Ciilkoodii la buka oo

Ku cadgoosan xaraashka, inaanaan cawsna ku tuurin,

Sayidii waa nagu ceebe caynkee baan tashannaa!

Muddo gaaban dabadeed, ayaa Sayidku dadkii dhulka degganaa
isugu yeeray oo wuxuu weydiistay in jahaad loo guntado, diinta iyo
dadkeedana loo hiiliyo, dab iyo faras wixii la hayana daraawiishta loo-
gu deeqo. Taasna dadka badankiisii waa u riyaaqay oo waxay la no-
qotay wanaag iyo samafal Ilaah loogu dhowaanayo.

Waxa jirtey in 300 oo Xabashi ahi Galbeed ka soo duuleen oo
Webi Shabeelle hoos u soo raaceen iyagoo doonayay inay dadka reer

26


guuraaga ah xoolo sed ah ka gurtaan. Dabadeedna dagaal baa dhex
maray Soomaalida xoolaleyda ahayd iyo colkii xabashida ahaa. Markaa-
saa Xabashidii waxa laga furtay 72 buntukh. Sayid Maxamadna wu-
xuu maqashiisnaa in dabkaas la hayo, ujeeddadiisuna waxay ahayd inuu
helo si uu ku helaba.

Sayid Maxamad shiddo badan kalama kulmin dabkaa heliddiisli.
Muddo dhawr toddobaad ka yar ayaa loogu keenay 72 qori iyo rasaas-
toodii iyo boqollaal far'lo ah. Taasina waxay Sayidka u kordhisay kal-
sooni iyo niyadsami siday isaga la ahayd. Markuu dabkaa, faraskaa
iyo rag badan oo raacsan helay, tolkiisna dhex joogo wuxuu la soo
baxay taba cusub oo aan la filayn, tabahaasna Wlbta ka mid ahaa :

1) Wuxuu yeeshay gaadh adag oo aan amar la'aan loo geli ka-
rin iyo rag ilaaliya.

2) Rag khaas ah oo uu gooni ahaan ula tashado.

3) Dil, dhac, xaraash iyo xukun Sayidka ku siman oo aan ninna
la tixgelin iyo arrima kale oo dadkii ka diday.

Markii Daraawiishtu Nugaal ka soo guurtay waxa muuqday inay
ka soo fogaadeen Ingiriis iyo dhulkuu taliskiisa sheeganaayey; hase yee-
shee Ingiriisku xabashiduu la hadlay oo wuxuu ku yiri, Nimankii fal-
laagada ahaa oo wadaadka waalani watay, dalka Ogaadeen ayey soo
galeen, waxaarinuna war ku helnay inuu degey Haridigeed. Waa inaad
ciidammo u soo dirtaan oo wax ka qabataan(1). Sidaa daraaddeed
ayaa boqorkii Xabashidu wuxuu Harar ka soo diray ciidan hubkiisii u
dhan yahay. Ciidankaas Xabashida ahi wuxuu weeraray degmooyin reer
baadiya ah oo degganaa Dhagaxbuur iyo hareerihiisa, kuwaasoo ay ku
tuhmeen inay daraawiish xiriir la leeyihiin, waxayna ka dhaceen xoolo
fara badan. Taasna waxay uga jeedeen inay dadka cabsi iyo baqdin
geliyaan, xoolihiina waxay geeyeen Jigjiga.

Daraawiishtii markay maqashay waxa meesha xabashidu ka geysa-
tay col bay abaabuleen oo duullaan bay humeen si looga hor tago ca-
dowgaas garadarrada u soo duuley oo dadka dhacay.

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas far dine, O.B.E. (Se-
cretary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition,
London 1923.


Bishii Maarso 5tii 1900, ayaa daraawiishta iyo Xabashida dagaal
ku dhex maray Ceelka Jigjiga. Si ba'an ayaa goobtaas laysugu diley.
labada geesoodna dad badan baa kaga dhintay. Ragga taariikhda qora
ee goobtaas ka hadlay waxay yiraahdeen, waxa xabashida laga diley
230 nin in ka badan, daraawiishna 170 nin. Xabashidu waxay ku
warrantay sidaas si ka duwan oo waxay yiraahdeen, faanna haw ahaa-
tee, Annagaa wax jebinnay oo daraawiish laynay, xoolihiina kaxaysan-
nay. Haddaba si kasta arrintu haw dhacdee, markii colkii Xabashida
laga soo noqday xoolihiina laga soo dhacsaday, hub doorana laga fur-
tay, ayaa daraawiishi xaruntii dib ugu soo noqotay. Goobtaasina waa
dagaalkii ugu horreeyey oo daraawiish iyo dawlad gumeysato ah dhex
mara.

Sayidku aftin iyo waraaquu u diray degmooyinkii degganaa Koo-
furta Bari ee Hargeysa, isagoo uga dhigaaya gumeysiga iyo tabihiisa iyo
kirishtaanka carruurta kaxaysanaya, waxaana la mariyey tixahan:

Ninkii heer u weynaa inuu hawsha galo baw eg,

Hal nin raray horseed uma ekee soo hitigin bow eg,

Ninkii aabbihii hawsha waday inuu hayaa haw eg,

Wiilkii halyeeyihii jahaad inuu holaa bow eg,

Gaalada in laga soo haraa habar magaadlow eg !.

Bishii Juun 1900, yaa daraawiishtu ku duushey beelo degganaa
Gaaroodiga u dhexeeya Hargeysa iyo Oodweyne. Kuwaasoo siday da-
raawiishtu sheegatay lagu tuhmay inay Ingiriiska xiriir la lahaayeen,
Geel lagu qiyaasay 2 kun oo halaad bay degmooyinkaa ka soo dhaceen.
Duullaankaasi wuxuu caan ku yahay oo loo yaqaan Dayax-weerar.
Ragga taariikhda sheegaa siday weriyeen kaasi waa duullaankii ugu
horreeyey oo daraawiish qalqaalo ugu kacdo, xoolo Soomaaliyeedna la-
gu dhaco. Iyadoo laysku ogaa in diinta kor loo qaado, dalkana gaalo
laga daafaco, ayaa colkaa la ambabixiyey. Nin Shiikh ah oo la oran
jirey Shariif Cabdulle Shariif Cumar ayaa ilaalo u ahaa, Sayidkuna waa
diray. Markii colkii dareeray, culimadii diintuna hor socoto geelaana
la soo dhacay ayaa nin arrintaas ka yaabay geeraar mariyey oo wuxuu
yiri :-

Col Shariif; waceysiyoo, Caalin reero dhacaaya,
Cilmi geel lagu qaado, Sayidkii Calmanaayow,
Cimri yuu ku simaayoo, ciribteeda ogaada!

28


Geela beeshaas laga helay iyo xoolo ka horreeyey oo dad iyo duun-
yaba lahaa oo banka Jigjiga laga soo dhacay ayaa daraawiishi xoog ku
yeelatay, tabarna ugu horreeyey, hase ahaatee markii dambe Sayidku
waa ka qoomamayey oo waa kii lahaa :

Ciida gale ma daaroo, an danqaabi maayoo

Duubigey calaamayn Diiriyaanu xididnoo

Dayax weerar jeer hore rag baa igu dukhuloo

Dagaalkii Jigjiga oo Xabashida lagaga gol roonaaday markuu dha-
cay gadaalkiisii ayaa Boqorka Xabashada oo ahaa Minilig talo Ingi-
riiska u soo jeediyey oo wuxuu yiri, Waxaan ku talinayaa in daw-
ladda Xabashida iyo dawladda Ingiriisku wadajir col u qalqaaliyeen si
loola dagaallamo nimankaa fallaagada noqday oo wadaadka waalani
wato, intayan dunida kharribin. Taladii Minilig Ingiriiska u soo jee-
diyey oo aanu soo xiganey waa tanO :-

In the meantime, the Negusa Negust King of Kings the Empe-
ror Menelik, more correctly styled Conquring Lion of the Tribe of
Judah, Menelik II, the Elect of God, King of Kings of Ethiopia, had
proposed a combined movement of British and Abyssinian forces
against the Mullah, and in November it was* decided to raise a levy
of 1.000 Somalis, including the mounted companies, with British Of-
ficers, under Captain Local Lientenant-Colonel E. J. E. Swayne, In-
dian Arrmy, to cooperate with the Abyssinians. The plan was that the
Abyssinians should drive the Mullah from the Ogaden, while our force
would attack him from Burao, should he retreat to Bohotle in accor-
dance with expectations. Thus, preparations were begun for the first
expedition against Somaliland's turbulent priest:

Hadalkaas waxa af Soomaali loogu tarjami karaa sidatan :-

Markay arrintii saas ahayd, Boqorkii Boqorrada Itoobiya Imbra-
door Menelik II oo badanaaba la yiraahdo Libaaxii Guusha ee qabiil-
ka fudah, kuu Ilaah Doortay wuxuu soo jeediyey in la dhiso ciidan ka
kooban Ingariis iyo Xabashi oo ka hor taga wadaadkaas. Bishii

x) THE MAD MULLAH OF SOMALILAND, by Douglas Jardine,
O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21), First
Edition; London 1923; p. 43.

29


Nof ember waxa lagu tally ey in la abuuro ciidan 1.000 nin oo Soomaali
ah ka kooban oo ay ka mid yihiin laba cuntub oo fuushan Fardooley
iyo rakuubley ah, ayna u taliyaan saraakiil Ingiriis oo uu madax u
yahay dhame, meeshaanse u ah Gaashaanle Sare, E.f.E. Swayne, oo
ka tirsan ciidamada hubka sida ee Hindiya oo ay iskaashadaan Xaba-
shida.

Taladu waxay ahayd inay Ciidammada Xabashidu Sayidka ka or-
yaan Ogaadeenya, Ciidammadayaduna ka weeraraan xagga Burco, had-
duu u baqdo dhinaca Buuhoodle sida laga filaayo. Sidaasaa lagu tabaa-
bulsheeyey colkii ugu horreeyey ee lagu saaro wadaadka Soomaaliyeed
ee manacgagga ah.

Ingiriisku intaanu taladii Minilig soo jeediyey jawaab ka bixin
ayuu bishii Sebtembar 1900, waraaq Sayid Maxamad ka helay digniin
ah; taasoo uu ku leeyahay dalkayga noaga guura oo dalkiinnii u kaca
ama waa idin la dagaallamaynaa ee ogaada. Taasina Ingiriiska waxay
gelisey welwel iyo cabsi oo weligood waxay ka baqaayeen in wadaadku
noqdo wadaadkii Soodaan ka kacay oo kaleeto A1-Sheekh Maxamad
A1 Mahdi, waraaqdii Sayidku dirayna waa tan(!):

From Mohammed Bin Abdulla Hasan to the English.

this is to inform you that you have done whatever you have de-
sired. You have oppressed our ancient religion without cause. Fur-
ther, to inform you that whatever people obey you they are liars and
slanderers.

Further to inform you that Mohammed, your Akil, came to ask
from us our arms; and we, therefore, send you this letter. Now cho-
ose for yourselves. If you want war, we accept it, but if you want

peace, pay the fine. This and salaams.

Iyadii oo Af Soomaali ahna waa tan

Waxay ka timid Sayidkii waxayna ku socotaa Ingiriis.

Waxaan ku ogeysiinayaa in aad wax kasta oo aad rabteen samay-
seen, diintaydii qadiimka ahaydna waad cadaadiseen sabab la'aan.
teeda kale waxaan idin ogeysiinayaa inay dadka idin raacsani yihiin
beenaalayaal iyo fidmad wadayaal. Waxaan kaloo ku ogeysiinayaa in-

THE MAD MULLAH OF SOMALILAND, by Douglas Jardine,
O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21), First
Edition; London 1923; p. 47.

30


uu caaqilkiinnii Maxamad noo yimi isagoo na weyddiisanaya hubkayaga.
Sidaa daraaddeed annaguna warqadan baannu kuu soo dirnay. Had-
daba kala doorta, haddaad dagaal dooneysaan waannu oggol nahay
laakiin haddaad nabad dooneysid sedo bixi. Intaas iyo nabadgelyo.

SHIRGOQLKII GURDUMI

Dadku wuxuu ahaa reer guuraa roobku u taliyo oo hadba meeshii
naq leh ama deegaantu u badato u guura; sidaasoo kale ayaa dariiqa-
duna u guuri jirtey. Iyadoo la yaal balliga Gurraati ayaa waxa xujoo-
bey sida la leeyahay iyagiyo ku allahoode nin la oran jirey Shide Dha-
barjilic, oo ragga madaxdaa ka mid ahaa, waana la diley. Dilkiisana
waxa sabab u ahaa: markuu Sayidku hubsaday inuu daraawiish xoog
leh haysto ama arkay sida yaabka leh oo loo raacsan yahay ama darii-
qada Saalixiya loo qaatay ayuu intuu kala batay culimadii iyo raggii
madaxda ahaa isugu yeeray oo wuxuu ku yiri, Waxa laydinka doona-
yaa in nin waliba beeshuu madaxda ka ahaa soo raro oo dariiqada
keeno. In kastoo taassi arrin cuius ahayd, haddana rag baa yeelay,
ragga badankiisiina waa diiday, waxa la weriyey Shide Dhabarjilic oo
sheekadiisu gadaal ku iman doonto inuu ka mid ahaa raggii taladaas
si caddaan ah u diiday, dilkiisiina iyadaa sabab u ahayd, Dabadeed
Sayidku wuxuu guddoomiyey in ninkaas la dilo; hase ahaatee waxa
loo diley si qaab daran oo laga jir naxo. Oo waa sidee? Inta markii
hore xabbad lagu dhuftay, ayaa meydkiisii fardo lagu tunsiiyey. Da-
badeedna qoobkii fardaha ayaa hilibkiisii googooyey.

Iyadoo ninkaas dilkiisii laga xun yahay, hase yeeshee la qabo in
diintu dishey ayaa sir qabiil ku lug lihi Sayidka ka fakatay. In kastoo
sheekadu isku mid tahay haddana weriyeyaashii waxay ku kala bay-
reen sidii arrintu u dhacday. Ragga taariikhda weriya qaarkood waxay
yiraahdeen Sayidka ayaa shir u qabtay dadkuu ka dhashay, waxaana
la fariistay dundun hoosteed, wuxuuna yiri, Shirkan nin aan Xaliimo
Geri iyo Sheekh Baahilaawe iska dhaleen mooyee nin kale caawa yuu
iman. Markii shirkii la fariistay ayuu wuxuu yiri, War Shide Dha-
barjilic Xasan-jiijiile maw aar galaa?. Waxa la yiri, Sayidii haa. Kol-
haasuu wuxuu yiri, War nin aan buti ahayni meesha ma joogaa?. Bal
nin walbowba ninka ku xiga eeg. Haddii lays wada eegayna waxa la
yiri, Sayidii waxa inala fadhiya Duux Warsame oo weligiisba ahaa nin
inaga mid ah. Sayidkii wuxuu yiri, Wixii caawa meesha lagaga had-
laa waa ballan Ilaah, ninkii sheegaana ballankii Ilaah buu furay.

31


Dhuux Warsame waxa laga weriyey : wixii habeenkaa meeshaa la-
gaga hadlay Shide Dhabarjilic Xasan-jiijiile ma u aar galaa? oo bal-
lanka ka horreeyey maahee inta kale aboor baa iga jeexi kara. Wa-
xay ku dareen hadalkii wuxuu u sheegay Xuseen Iljeex Xuseen Xirsi
Dalal. Rag kalena waxay weriyeen sidaas si ka duwan oo waxay yi-
raahdeen : Sayidka oo faras la yiraahdo Caynab-sonkor la daba taxaa-
bayo, koox jifidiisa ahina la socoto oo aan filayn in hadalkiisa cid kale
maqlayso avuu wuxuu yiri, War Shide Dhabarjilic Xasan-jiijiile ma u
aar galaa?. Isla markaa waxa gadaalkiisa taagan, hadalkana maqlaaya
Xuseen Xirsi Dalai Iljeex. Sayidkii intuu naxay ayuu wuxuu yiri,
Xuseen, Xuseen. Xuseen! toban faras iyo boqolbaa xalay barkinka
kuugu soo baxay ee ha qaadan aqoon waayin. Bal Caynab-sonkor ama
Qaac guddoon, sagaalkii kalena ha qaadan waayin Markaa ka dibna
fadhiyo badan buu la qaatay si aanu warkaas u sheegin, wuxuuna ku
dedaalay inuu Xuseen xoolo ku qanciyo, hase ahaatee Xuseen ma yee-
lin hadalkiina ma qarin ee wuxuu u sheegay rag Shide ay ilma adeer
ahaayeen; taasina waxay dhalisay aammin-ka-bax.

Iyadoo hurgomooyin badan oo taasi ka mid tahay la qabo, dabkii
iyo faraskii hore loogala wareegeyna laga qoomamaynayo, ayaa nin la
oran jirey Xasan Bidde Khalaf Dalai oo ragga madaxda ah ka mid ahaa
sidiisana nin karmeed ahaa habeenkii oo dhan loox quraan ku dhigaa-
yey. Subaxdii baa looxii oo khaddii qoyan tahay wiil Sayid Maxamad
dhalay sacabka mariyey oo Quraankii ka baabi'iyey. Markaasaa Xa-
san intuu carooday wiilkii dhirbaaxo ku dhiftay. Markaasuu wiilkii
sida kubbadda u duulay. Sayidkii markuu qaaqdii maqlay ayuu intuu
aqalkii ka soo boodey, wuxuu yiri, War yaa wiilka diley? Markaasaa
dadkii Quraanka dhiganaayey oo boqollaal kor u dhaafay dhammaan
waxay yiraahdeen, Sayidii Xasan Biddaa diley. Kolkaasuu aqalkiisii
dib ugu laabtay. Waxa la weriyey Xasanbidde intuu kacay oo aqalkii-
sii tegey ayuu jiifsaday. Hase ahaatee saacad dabadeed ayaa waxa u
tegey Axmed Xassan Yuusuf oo wuxuu ku yiri, Waaryaa ma og tahay
inaad saaka xujawdey?. Wuxuu yiri, Waan ogahay, maxaanse yee-
laa?. Markaasaa Axmed wuxuu yiri, War kacoo isxuja furfur, da-
badeedna aan tashanno?.

Rag xaajo ma maarayn waayo e Xasan intuu kacay ayuu marada
dacalkeeda wuxuu ku qaatay guntin saanad ah oo wuxuu la wareegey
ooddii aqalka Sayidka ku meersanayd. Waxa la yiri, Sayid Maxamad
fardaha waa ka arag dheeraa. Wuxuu arkay Xasan oo marada dacal-
keeda wax ku sida oo oodda la meeraya. Markaasuu, wax u sheeggay

32


lama yaqaannee. intuu af labadii yeeray, wuxuu yiri, War ninka gaar-
ka ahow^ Xasanbidde ii soo daa. Markaasuu ka wareegay. Waxa la
yiri kolkuu Xasan aqalkii soo galay, ayaa Sayidkii wixii marada ugu
guntanaa ku boodey oo wuxuu ku yiri, War maandhow ma saanad
baa?. Wuxuu yiri, Sayidii haa. Wuxuu yiri, Maandhow ma qo-
rigii baad waagii dhoweyd ka reebtay?. Xasan wuxuu yiri, Sayidii
maya ee nin gabar annaga ah qaba ayaa Adari iiga soo dhiibay oo xa-
lay baa la ii keenay. Markaasna Sayidkii dhawr goor wuxuu ku
noqnoqday Cimrigaaga allaha dheereeyo, cimrigaaga alaha dheeree-
yo, war maandhow bahasha iigu dedaal. Habeenkii baa waxa isu
tegey labadii ballanku ka dhexeeyey oo ahaa Xasan Khalaf Dalai iyo
Axmed Xasan Yuusuf. Biyo kodoy u dhacaan, hadalna dan buu u
go'aaye waxay ku heshiiyeen in Sayid Maxamad laga tashado.
Dabadeedna waxay taladii ula tageen Maxamed Xasan Geeddi oo ahaa
nin waaya arag ah. Marlcay u sheegeen waxey doonayaan ama ay da-
macsan yihiin, Maxamad wuxuu yiri, War bal korkayga eega. Der-
madii aan ku jiifey oo aan feker daraaddii ku galgalanaayey ayaa jir-
kayga murxisay oo sidaa u gashay. Dabadeedna waxay ku tashadeen:

Ninka Sayid Maxamad la yiraahdaa wuxuu sameeyey wax ka daran buu
soo wadaa ee inta goori goor tahay aan iska qabanno. Taas haddii
laysla gartay waxay kaloo ku heshiiyeen inay ku dedaalaan in taladaas
la meel mariyo. Haddii arrintii la hogahogeeyey oo dhawr toddobaad
la waday waxa kaloo laysku af gartay laba hal inay lagama maarmaan
tahay:-

a) In si qarsoodi ah loogu sheega ragga ay ku kalsoon yihiin.

b) Arrinta in degdeg loo fuliyo intaanu wadaadku dhulka ku
xididdaysan.

Isla markaa waxay bilaabeen hebel u sheeg, hebelna u yeer, taa-
sina waxay qaadatay dhawr bilood. Maantii danbe ayaa nin magaciisa
Igau tibaaxay Calikilin oo talada wax ka ogaa hase ahaatee arrinta
fulinteedii raagsadaya waqtigiina u dheeraaday, geeraar mariyey oo wu-
xuu yiri :-

Ogaadeen habilaawow,
Hiil waxaan geli hayninow,
Hugladii ban ku tuloo,
Darmaan heenso wanaagsan,

Ohey way iyo

Ina hoos ka le'eedow,
Geed weynaan har lahaynow,
Har qooley an ku deeqinow,
Aan orodkii hollinaynow,,
way eey!.

33


Dabadeed Sayidkii markuu geeraarkaas maqlay dareen baa gala;
hase ahaatee meeluu wax u qaado ayuu garan waaye^. Dabadeedna
colkiisii gaarka ahaa ayuu faray inay feeyigaadaan, aqalladiisiina waa
isu soo raray.

Muddo ka dibna waxa is-helay 80 nin oo kala danui iskuna kai-
soon. Dabadeedna waxay ku ballaraeen saaddambe in laysugu yimaad-
do Balliga la yiraahdo Gurdumi, nin walibana hubkiisa soo qaato, fa-

raskiisana soo heensaysto.

Haddii taladii loo fariistay waxay gooyeen sidii rag kale looga qayb
gelin lahaa iyo sidii arrinta loo fulin lahaa, waxayna isla garteen in
nin waliba ninkuu aamminka ku qabo talada gaarsiiyo, Iaguna dedaalo
inaan xogtooda la ogaan, muddona waa inoo maalintaas iyo meel hebla.

Waxay arrini hadba geed harsataba, wax Sayidka iyo dariiqada
madaxa la tusaba, dayrtii arxinta la bilaabay dayrteedii kale ayaa siiir-
kii ugu dambeeyey la qabtay. Markii la hubsaday inay habboon tahay
ayaa lays weydiiyey sida ugu fudud oo arrinta loo fulinaayo ama loo
maamulaayo. In kastoo ujeeddadu isku mid tahay waxa la weriyey
labo siyood oo kala duwan :

1) Rag waxay weriyeem iyagoo taladoodu u qorshaysan tahay
ayay Sayidka la hadleen oo waxay yiraahdeen : Sidaad noogu
timid kuuma aan11 dabbaaldegm. waxaannu garannay inaan da-
riiqada u soo shirno oo kuu dabbaaldegno ee muddo noo qa-
bo. Markaasuu muddo maalin la yaqaan ah u qabtay, sidaa-
sayna dariiqada ku yimaadeen.

2) Rag kalena waxay yiraahdeen : Dabbaaldeg ma jiro ee toos
bay u soo shireen.

Si kastaba arrintu haw dhacdee ugu dambaystii rag dhawr boqol
tiradiisu gaarto ayaa waxay guddoonsadeen inay berri oo kale is ugu yi-
maadaan balliga la yiraahdo Gurdumi oo biyihiisu gamashi yihiin dad-
kuna daba goosanayo. Isla maalintaas sidii awelba caadada u ahayd,
ayaa Sayidka, khusuusida iyo daraawiishta gaarka ka ahi waxay yimaa-
deen balligaas oo salaaddii duhur ku tukadeen. Markaa wa-

34


xay ku tashadeen intay fardaha soo fuulaan inay balliga tagaan oo sida
la sheegay Sayidku waa war jecel yahay, intay u yeeraan oo ku yiraah-
daan war baannu helnaye kaalay, markay gooni ula soo baxaan afar
waran isu dhaafiyaan.

Iyadoo talada lagu socdaa ay sidaa tahay ayaa markii Balliga Gur-
durai la soo galay, Maxamad Xasan Geeddi wuxuu arkay, Cabdi Ga-
raad Yuusuf oo talada laga qarshay asaan laga maarmi karin oo daraa-
wiishta ku dhex jira. Markaasuu wuxuu ka baqay markay qarxato in
la dilo. Kolkaasuu intuu raggii ka leexday Balligii qarkiisa la wareegay
oo Garaadkii dhegta afka u saaray oo wuxuu ku yiri, War shirqool la
doonayo in Sayidka lagu dilo baa jira e, meessha ka soo bax. Mar-
kaasaa Garaadkii intuu naxay wuxuu arkay ragga horraantiisii oo Sa-
yidkii kaabiga u jira iyo iyagoo u yeeray. Markaasuu intuu sidii Hbaax
u boodey, Sayidkii gacanta ku dhegey, Sayidii in lagu dilaa loo dan
leeyahaye meesha ka baxso. Markaasaa Sajddkii intuu boodey oo da-
raawiishtii gaarlca ahayd ku dhex dhacay wuxuu yiri, War cabbaysta,
war cabbaysta. Kolkaasay Aw Cabbaas oo meeshii duhurka lagu
tukuday fadhiya waran ku dhufteen oo waxay yiraahdeen, xujoy ku
har. Isla markaas laba saf baa loo kala dillaacay, maydkiina wuxuu
noqday sida lcashkaashka. Dabadeedna qoladii shirqoolka wadday waa
baqeen, waana la kala qaxay, galabtaasna ninba wixii xoola ahaa oo
uu gacanta la helay ayuu horay u kaxaystay ama u buubsaday.

Daraawiishtii intay is-uruursadeen ayay qaxii ka daba duuleen. Wee-
rarkiina waxay gacanta ku dhigtey geela la baxay Garbacase, goobtaas
waxa loo yaqaan kala kicii Gurdumi, gabaya badan baa laga mariyey.

GONDAGOOYE

Qalalaasihii Gurdumi hadday dhaceen kaddib ayaa daraawiishtii
raqdii ka guurtay oo waxay degtay meel la yiraahdo Dhiita oo
laba geeddi-guur u jirta Gurdumi, kana xigta dhanka waqooyi. Rag
talo kama dhammaatee, haddii dib laysugu noqday oo xaajadii la hilee-
yey waxa nimankii shirqoolkii abaabulay ku tashadeen in daraawiish
ergo loo diro, si wixii dhacay looga wada hadlo, loogana heshiiyo, da-
badeedna 32 nin oo caqli iyo codkarnimaba rag laga xulay ayaa loo di-
ray, hase yeeshee taladaas guuli kama dhalan oo markay dariiqadii ta-
geen ayaa labo labo laysugu xiray oo lugaha bir lagaga jebiyey. Daba-
deedna Sayidkii farduu diray oo waxa la faray inay raggoodii u shee-
gaan, wuxuuna yiri, Waxaa ku tiraahdaan, ragga furta oo waxaad ku
furataan labo buntukh do iaraawiish galabtii Gurdumi lagala cararay.

- 55


iyo ninkiiba 100 halaad, hase ahaatee iyagaaba Sayidka geel ka doonayei
Muddana waa u qabtay, muddadiina laguma iman. Haddana muddo ka
laa loo qabtay, taana waxba waa la keeni waayey. Dabadeedna muddi
saddexaad buu u qabtay, markii waxba laga waayay waxa nimankii lag.
xukumay in la laayo, taana waxa loo yaqaan Gondagooye(1).

Waxa la weriyey, subaxda la layn doono habeenkeeda Sayidku wu
xuu ku taahaayey :

Cashadu Aw Cabbaas ila ballamay, caaway saw maaha.

Raggii la laayey waxa ka mid ahaa, Cabdi Maxamad Waal oo
Sayidka walaashiis qabay, waxa la weriyey Tooxyar waxay ku dadaa
shay inaan ninkeeda la dilin, hase ahaatee qob iyo qadan midna kum
helin, markii la dileyna waa oydey dabadeedna wax la yiri naa yaai
lagu dilin, aamus waxayna marisay buraanbur waxay tiri :-

Bilaawahalcan daabka la hayaa ha hadduu i dilo

Daclkiiba idlaaye aakhira haddaan u dego

Cabdi haddii la igu daro derejadee ka roon.

Dariiqadii waa guurtay oo waxay degtey balliga la yiraahdo Caa-
do, rag Xuseen Xirsi Dalai Iljeex wato ayaa Xabashi qayla
geys ugu kacay markay ka war heleen in raggii la laayey. Da
badeedna Amxaarada ayaa col Adari ka soo qalqaashay, col'
kaasuna wuxuu soo maray jid aan laga filayn, garwadeennaa waxa u
ahaa niman Soomaali ah. Intay Xabashidii marin geddiyeen oo hoos iyo
Doollo ka wareejiyeen ayay arladii daraawiishi degganayd geesta bari
kaga keeneen.

Ammintaas Xabashidu hub fiican ma haysan, waxay ku dagaal ga-
shana waxa u badnaa seef qalloocan iyo buntukhii jikraha ahaa, da-
raawiishuse buntukha xoog bay u haysatay, waase saanad la'aayeea
Hase ahaatee, intay xoolihii qaxiyeen ayay baqe-beenle ku dagaal ga-
ken. Si kastaba arrintu ha u dhacdee daraawiishtu waa baqatay, xoo-
lo aan yarayn oo mood u badanna waa ka carareen. Waxay u kaceen
Nugaal iyo dhulkay markii hore ka yimaadeen.

1. Garaad Cali waa tii la diley.

2. Jigjiga waa tii Xabashida lagu weeraray.

3. Dayax-weerar oo ka danbeeyey baa la dhigay.

4. Kala-kicii Gurdumi baa dhacay.

Maxaa xigi.....?

x) Waxa jira gabay yaab leh oo Cabdi Xirsi Gondagooye ka tiriye]
ee doon.

36


In kastoo Daraawiishi nabaddii geed dheer eo aan laga so rogi
karayn ku laashay, haddana Nugaal bay dib ugu soo laabtay. Maxaa
taa ka dambayn? ...... Dariiqadii waxay degtey Baaraan ... oo magaa-
lada Laascaanood koonfur Hawd ka xigta. waana xarunta la baxday
Fadhiweyn, dabadeedna dabayshoodii ayaa dhulkii gilgishey. Waxa
la ogaaday, in Ingiriisku col soo dumay oo dagaal ku qalqaalo jiro,
inuu daraawiish ku duulana goostay, dhaqsana u soo bixi doono. Hase
ahaatee taas Daraawiishi heegan bay u tahay.

V




QAYBTA LABAAD

Qaybta labaad waxay ku saabsan tahay, dagaal-
ladii dhex maray Daraawiish iyo Ingiriis, 1901 tan iyo
1904, bilowgiz dagaalka iyo shantii goobood oo da-
gaa/lada ugu waaweynaa, ama ugu caansanaa, Afba
kayle, Fardhiddin, Beerhdiga iyo guushii /aga gaaray,
Cagaarweyne iyo wixii ka dhacay, Daratoole, Faan
iyo Gooddi, tabaabu/shihii Jidbaale, goobtii Jidhaale
iyo wixii ka dhacay, qaxii gaala-eri, degiddii Eyl,
faal/a gaaban iyo waxyaa/a kale oo la xiriira.




DAGAALLADII DARAAWIISHTA

arkaannu waraysannay odayaashii dagaallada ka qayb ga-
^^lay, badankoocluna ku dhaawacmay iyo raggii goobjoogga
ka ahaa kuwii la sheekaystay, ama aannu akhrinay kutubtii
dagaalladaas laga qoray iyo gabayadii iaga mariyey, markaan-
nu tagnay meelihii dagaaiku ka dhacay oo raisaastii daadatay
iyo qashirkii weli yaal, haarihii iyo calaamooyinkii weli ka
muujqdaatti, [markaan toyannay raggii goobaha lagu diley ti-
radoodii iyo raggii madaxda ahaa magacyadoodii, waxaannu hubinnay
in meeshaa guuldarro weyni ka dhacday oo rag go'ay, guryo badanina
ku rogmadeen, guutooyinna ku hoobteen.

Taa waxaa marag cad u ah tuducyo ka mid ah gabay calaacal all
oo uu mariyey darwiishkii Isrnaaciil M.ire, oo dagaalladaa ka qaybga-
iay, wuxuuna yiri :

Gumburo iyo Cagaarweyne iyo Geedkii Daratoole
Goobtii JidbaaUyo Xargaga guuldarradii joogtey
Gembigii ka dhacay Ruugga iyo gudurigii haagay
Gabooddeeda Beerdhiga wixii la isku gooraamay
Meydkii gabraday seerigey Good ku tumanaysey
Gawarkaad maraysaba laftaad galayaxaa mooddc

Coobihii dagaalladu ku dhex mareen Ingiriis iyo Daraawiish waxa
tiradooda lagu sheegay 42 ku dhowaad dagaalladaasna badankooda si
weyn baa dad iyo duunyaba loogu dhintay ama loogu dhaawacmay.

Qaybtan oo ah 1900- 1904, waxaannu wax kaga sheegeynaa da-

gaalladii Ingiriis iyo Daraawiish dhex maray lixdii ugu waaweynaa,
kuwaasoo lagu kala magacaabay :

Afbakayle, Fardhiddin, Beerdhiga Eeragoo, Cagaarweyne
Gumburo, Daratoole iyo Jidbaale.

4t


Goobahaasu magacyaday la lecxeen iyo meeshey goobtu ka dhac-
day iyo taariikhdii dagaalku dhacay waxaa loo t;lmaami karaa sida tin.

MAGACA GOOBTA TAARIIKHDAY DHACDAY
Afbakayle saamaale . ... 3 Juun 1901
Weyla xir.......
Caana xarigle......
Kur-garaad.......
Oodagooye......
Fardhidin...... . 16 Luulyo
Buurihiili........ ... 6 Okoobar
Beerdhiga eeragoo> . ... 4 Abriile
Cagaarweyne (Gunburo) . ... 17 Abriile 1903
Daratoole....... ... 22 Abriile
Yeed........ ... 30 Maajo
Taaragooye.......
Jidbaale........ ... 10 Jannaayo 1904
Jiidali......... Maarso
Ilig-daldala....... ... 12 Arbiile 1905
Xallin......... < .
Higlagaab.......
Baran........
(Ruuga (Dulmadoche) . ... 9 Agoosto 1923
Berbera ........ ... 12 Maarso 1917
Shimbibiris....... ... 27 Noofembar
Indho ......... ... 8 Oktoobar 1917
Oog........ ... 18 Oktjoobar 1919
Yanqarax....... .
Badweyn .....
Mirashi........ . 23-3 Diseemnbar
Galbarabuur...... ... 25 Jannaayo 1910
Jiidali.........
Creel dheer.......
Baran........ ... 28 Jannaayo 1920
Taleex......... Febraayo
Bixin...... . Febraayo 1921
Shiniile ...

42


Haddaynu dhinaca Ingiriiska eegno iyo wuxuu dhaqdhaqaaqa da-
raawiishta ka qabey arna fikradduu wadaadka ka haystay iyo siduu
u arkaayey, aad buu uga dareen qabay in meeshaa olole xoog lihi ka
socdo, in lagu duulaa la ay lagama maarmaan tahay, inteyan dhulka
ugu fidin, hase ahaatee waxaan la hubin inta dagaalkaasi socon doono.
Dadka warka kcena qaarkood waxay Ingiriiska ugu warrami jireen,
meesha waxa joogaa waa wadaaddo keliya oo aan macna lahayn,
maalin keliyana la kak eryi kara. Qaar kalena waxey ugu warrami ji-
reen, meesha rag xoog leh oo dagaal geli karaa jooga!, hase ahaatee
1900 dabayaaqadiisii ayaa la hubiyey in dhaqdhaqaaq run ah oo Ingi-
riiska ka soo hor jeedaa hilkaa ka socdo. Sidaa daraaddeed ayey la-
gama maarmaan u noqctay in ciidan ka hortaga lagu saaro.

Aan marag u soo qaachnno hadal uu qoray H. F. Prevosi Battersby
oo ku saabsan afartii duullaan ee ugu horreeyey, oo Ingiriisku daraa-
wiishta ku soo kiciyey wuxuu yiri :-

The Four Expeditions(J)

With the Mullal^'s power thus objectionably declared we were
forced to assert ourselves. In November 1900, at the instance of the
Consul-General, as oir representative in Berbera was then called, an
expedition was determined on to cope with the offender.

In order to illustrate the conditions obtaining in the country, which
Richard Cor field was expected to keep in order but the mere passing
shadows of 100 men, it will be useful to give a brief summaray of the
expedition sent against the Mullah during the next four years.

There were, first of all, the two Anglo-Abyssinian Expditions in
1901. The first started in January, was composed of 10.000 men, and
marked into Ogaadeen; bi t owing to defectipe supply and water dif-
ficulties, hardships was forced to halt ay GeGrlogubi. not havivng
met th Mullah.

The second, of 14.000 men with 2 British officers, started in May,
marched by Gerlogubl to Galadi and Bur, and, after suffering great
hardships from lack of food and water, returned to Harrar in July
having accomplished nothing but a little raiding.

l) Richard Corfield of Somaliland, by H. F. Prevosi Battersby, London

1914; p. 35.



43


Hadalkaas waxa af Soomaali loogu tarjami karaa cida tan:
Afartii Duullaan

Ayadoo xooggii wadaadku si aan loo dul qaadan Jcatin a muuq-
day ayaa waxa lagama maarmaan noqotay in aannu annaguna ismuujin-
no oo tallaabooyin qaadno.

Bishii Nofembar 1900, ayaa waxa la goostay in duullaan lagu ki-
ciyo fidmawalaha iyadoo ay taasi waafaqsan tahay codsashadii wakiil-
kayagii markaas Berbera joogey, sidii xilligaas lagu magacaabi jirey,
Si loo caddeeyo xaaladaha markaas dalka ka taagnaa ee Koofil lagQ
sugaayey inuu wax ka qabto isagoo boqol nin oo keliya wata, waxa
habboon in la soo koobo duullaamaddii wadaadka lagu saarq
muddo afar sano ah gudahood:

Ugu horrayntii waxa jirey laba duullaan oo ay u wada jireen In-
giriiska iyo Xabashidu. 1901 dii. Kan hore oo bilawday bishii
fannaayo wuxuu ka koobnaa 10.000 oo nin wuxuuna u kacay dhulka
Ogaadeeniya; hase ahaatee ayadoo ay ugu wacnayd dhibaatooyin ah
xagga biyaha iyo sahayda ayay ku qasabtay inuu Garloogube ku joo[>-
sado isagoo aan wadaadkii la kulmin.

Kan labaad oo ka koobnaa 14.000 oo nin laba sarkaal oo Ingiriis
ahi la socdaan wuxuu bilawday bishii Mey, wuxuuna dhex qaadq
Garloogube, Gallaadii iyo Buuro, dabadeedna markii dhibaatooyin
badan oo biyo la'aan iyo cunta la'aan ahi ay soo gaareen ayuu Ham
ku soo laabtay bishii Lulyo isagoo wax u taray aysan jirin dhac aan
macna lahayn \maahee.

Markii la ecgo ciidamacla Xabashida iyo sida loo tabaabtilsheeyey
ama heshiiska Xabashida iyo Ingiriisk u dhexeeya, waxa qof waliba
garan karaa in Xabashidu dagaalkii Daraawiishta qayb weyn ka qaada-
tay, hadaaba taasi v/ax lala yaabo ma aha, maxaa yeelay colaadda Xa-
bashidu Soomaalida u heyso mid cusub ma aha ee waa colaad ab ogaa
ah, waxaana saldhig u ah diinta Islaamka soo geliddeedii geehka (Afrika)
oo ay Soomaalidu fidinteedii qayb weyn ka qaadatay .

BILOWGII DAGAALKA

Waxa habboon intaynaan dagaalka ka warramin inaynu in yar
ka tusaalayno bal siduu Ingiriisku markaas daraawiish u arkaayey iyo
waxay iyagu kolkaa ku sugnaayeen. Daraawiishtu markii ay Doollo
ka soo guureen waxay degeen dhulka Nugaaleed, maalinba maalinta ka

44


dambaysana xoog ayaa u sii kordhaayey. Ingiriisku isagoo xaaladda
daraawiishta aad uga war hayey ayaa waxa u sii caddaatay in siyaa-
saddiisii Soomaaliya ku saabsanayd khatar gashay markii uu arkay fan-
fanka daraawiish ka baxaaya ama uu maleeyey waxa ka iman kara
nimankaas wadaadku hor socdo ee ragga iyo hubka urursanaya. Bi-
shii Nofember 1900 ayaa barlamaanka Ingiriiska waxa laga gooyey
talo ah in nimankaas khatarta ah la dabar gooyo inta aanay dadka
iyo dalkaba ku faafin, dhaqdhaqaaqooditna uusan taabbagal noqon.

Waaligii Ingiriiska ee waqtigaa Berbera fadhiyey waxay la ahayd
in ciidammadoodu goor barqo ah caeta marinaayaan wadaadka ivn
wuxuu wato, dabadeedna say doonaan arlada ugu talin doonaan, taasi
ma ahaan, malah^asina rsee: mn acqon. Markii la guddoomiyey
in Daraawiish lagu duulo. Waaligu waraaq dardaaran ah buu u qoray
ammaanduulihii ciidammada wadaadka ku duulaayey, intaan duullaan-
ku bixin ka hor isagoo talooyin iyo tilmaamo siinaaya, wixii markaas
gumeysigu ku shaqaynaayey wax ka tusaalaynaaya. Waxaa wax ka
soo qaad leh saddex hadal oo la yaab leh oo waraaqdaa ku qoran :-

1. Waaligu wuxuu yiri, waa in wadaadka la qabtaa, Daraawiish

dhaqdhaqaaqcedana dadka dhexdiisa laga drib tiraa.

2. Waa in dawladda looga qaandhabo xoolaha wadaadka laga
soo dhaco kharashka badan ee dawladda duullaankan kaga

baxaaya.

3. Iyadoo aan la filayn in wadaadku isdhiibo wax shuruud ah
oo laga oggolaan karo ama noloshooda dambe loogu ballan
qaadi karaa ma jiraan, isaga iyo kuwa la jira.

Aan isweydiinee, maxaa ka dambeeyey, sidee bayse arrimi noqo-

tay ? Waraaqdii waaligu qoray ee dardaaranka ahayd waa tan :

Berbera, April 11th, 1901C1)

Sir;

I have the honour to address you in connection with the opera
Hons you are about to undertake against the Mullah Mohammed bin
Abdullah. The object of the expeditions is to capture or defeat the
Mullah and to put end to his movement in the Dolbahanta. Your ope-
rations will accordingly be directed against the Mullah and those who
may now be found to be actively supporting him.

*) Official History of the Operations in Somaliland. 1901-1904
Vol. I p. 54.


Of the tribes who are now reported to have dealings with the
Mullah, with the exception of the Ali Gheri, who may be expected to
stand by him to the last, it is not certain which will continue to main-
tain his cause once he is confronted with our force. I enclose a note
I have drawn up of our dealings with the tribes after the disturbances
of 1899, and I have noted therein, so far as information is available,
the present attitude of the Dolbahanta tribes from the reports which
have from time to time been received. This you will be able to check
with informatioin you will yourself acquire. But little reliance can be
placed on the reports received as to the attitude of the Dolbahanta tri-
bes, and it is probable that accurate information as to the attitude of
the respective tribes will not be obtained till the expedition enters the
country. It is, however, believed that, with the exception of the Ali
Gheri and possibly other sections of the Girad Farah, the majority of
the people who have joined the Mullah in Dolbahanta have done so
either through fear of him or for personal gain, and that a large sece-
ding from his following may be expected when our expedition takes
the field.

/ have briefly recorded in the note our past dealings with the
tribes in order that you may know what settelments were arrived at.
and in the case of those who are not now actively supporting the Mul-
lah take no action which will conflict with those settelments.

For instance, the past mis deeds of the Habar Toljaala and eastern
Habar Yunis tribes have been dealt wih, and unless any of them now
actively support the Mullah, which I do not anticipate if all goes well
they should not in any way be interfered with.

Several of them have to settle up for loots, but this is a matter
not immediately connected with the expedition and which can be at-
tended to afterwards.

The past and present conduct of the Ali Gheri necessitates that
they should be punished, and I propose to inflict a fine of 1.000 ca-
mels on them, should be punished, which you can proceed to enforce
after the Mullah has been dealt with. As regards the Ararsamah, the

Ba Ararsamah and the Barkad, much will depend upon the attitude
they assume when our expedition is in the field. If they do not acti-
vely support the Mullah, I should be inclined to deal leniently with
them, our object being to suppress the Mullah and restore order.

46


The chief danger of a large coalition of the Dolbahanta against
us will lie in the possibility of our expedition being looked upon as
an Ishak invasion of the Dolbahanta country.

You will doubtless take all possible measures to allay any suspi-
cion of the kind; steps in this direction have for some time past been
taken here. With your knowledge of the country and people I need
hardly warn you that any looting by our people of tribes who, though
formerly with he Mullah, have since left him. and are not now oppo-
sed to us, besides being impolitic, would create a dangerous scare and
play into the hand of the Mullah by giving him the very means to ef-
fect a powerful combination against us which he is seeking, and which
it might seriously tax our resources to meet.

It is for this reason that it is specially desirable to confine our
operations to the Mullah and those tribes who are now found to be
actively supporting. Above all, those who secede from the Mullah
and assist us against him must be protected, even if the tribes who
accompany our force have any claims against them. These will be
matters for settelment after the conclusion of the expedition.

There are many claims by our tribes for damage done by the Mul
lah and his followers; it is reasonable that Government should be re
imbursed, if possible, and portion of the heavy expenses incurred in
connection with the expedition; and the force will expect something
in the way of prize money. These should be met from any loot which
is found with the Mullah, or the tribes now actively supporting him.
and I am inclined to think tha a fair proportions would be one third
to the force, one-third to satisfy claims for damage done, and the
remainder for Government. This question is, however, a very subsi
diary one, and you will doubtless not allow it in any way to prejudice
the main object of the expedition.

So far as is known the Mijjarten are hostile to the Mullah. But
information was received yesterday that four emissaries of this tribe
have been received in secret conference by the Mullah. The object of
their visit is not known. Despatches have lately been sent by the Vice-
Concul for Italy at Aden to the Consul-General for the country, who
is now at Ras Alula, to move the Mijjerten under Sulan Osman Ma-
hammud and Sultan Yusuf Ali to cut off the Mullah's retreat should
he attempt to escape to the coast through their country. And I have

47


lately addressed the Resident at Aden with a view to similar warnings
being given to the chiefs on the southern Arabian littoral.

I shall be glad to know if there is any further action which it may
occur to you can now be usefully taken from here to promote the ob-
ject of the expedition.

In the unlikely event of the Mullah offering to surrender, in his
case and in that of the following-Ahmed Warsamah know as Haji Su-
di), Deria Arale, and Deria Gure-only an unconditional surrender sho-
uld be accepted, no guarantee of any kind as to future treatment being
given. Nur, the late Sultan of the Habar Yunis, may be guaranteed
his life.

I have, & c.

(Signed) J. Hayes-Sadler

Waraaqdaas waxa af Soorsa?.:: loogu tarjami karaa sida tan :
Saab,

Waxaa sharaf ii ah in aan kuu soo jeediyo arrin la xiriirta wee-
rarka aad ku qaadayso wadaadka Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan. Ujeed-

clada ololaha dagzalkuni wuxu yahay in la qabio ama la jebiyo wadaad-
ka, dhaqdhaqaaqiisana laga ciribiiro Dhulbahantaha dhexdiisa. Wee-
rarradaadu waxay toos u abbaari doonaan Wadaadka iyo kuwa haatan
sida muuqaia ugu gargaaraya isaga.

Qabaa'ilka xiriirka la leh Wadaadka, marka laga reebo Caligeri
pa la filayo inay la jiri doonaan ilaa iyo ugu dambaysta, lama hubo
intooda la sii jiri doonta marka ciidammadeennu ka hor yimaaddaan.

Waxaan halkan kuugu soo lifaaqayaa waraaq aan ku muujiyey
sidaan wax uga qabannay qabaa'ilka qulquladihii 1892kii ka dib. Hal-
kaas waxaan ku caddeeyey ujeeddada Dhulbahante leeyahay imminka,
sida lagaga war hayo xcgwarrankii hadba waqti na soo gaarayey. Wa-
xaad kari kartaa inaad taas la kaashato wararka aad adiguba heli doon-
to. Hase yeeshee, kalsooni weyn lama siin karo wararka imminka
la hayo ee la xirilra ujeeddada Dhulbahante. waxana laga yaabaa in
aan war dhab ah laga helin ujeeddada qabaa'ilka kale ilaa duullaanku
dhulkooda gaaro. Waxa la ogyahay marka laga reebo Cali-Geri iyo
malaha qolooyin Garaad Faarax ah, giddiba dadka Dhulbahante ee
Wadaadka raacay waxay saas u yeeleen cabsi ay isaga ka qabaan ama
danaysi gaar ah. Waxa kale oo la filayaa in qayb weyni ka soo fakato
dadka isaga raacsan marka duulaankeennu goobta qaato.

_ 43 _


Waxaan si kooban ugu qoray lifaaqa sida aannu horay wax uga
qabannay qabaa'ilka. Ujeeddadoo ah inaad ogaatid heshiisyadii la gaa-
rey. Sida daraaddeed waxba ha yeelin dadka aan haatan Wadaadka
si muuqata u raacsanayn si aan heshiisyadaasi u baabbi'in.

Ka soo qaad Habar Jeclo iyo Habar Yoonista bari, xumaantii ay
faleen waa loo ciqaabay, markaa haddii aan midkoodna imminka Wa-
daadka si cad u raacsanayn, taasna aanan filayn inay dhacdo haddii
wax weliba hagaagaan, haddaba yaan sina arrimahaas loo fara gelin.
Qaarkood waa inay dhac habeeyaan, taasise ma aha mid degdeg ah oo
duullaanka ku xiran, waana mid dib laga samayn karo. Wixii Cali-
geri ku kacay ama haatan ay ku kacayaan ayaa qasab ka dhigaya in
la ciqaabo, waxaana soo jeedinayaa in 1,000 halaad lagu ganaaxo; taa
soo aad adigu fulinteeda leedahay ka dib marka Wadaadka wax laga
qabto. Xagga Ararsame, Bah-Ararsame iyo Barkad, sida wax looga
qabanayaa waxay ku xiran tahay hadba meeshay iska taagaan markuu
dullaankeennu dagaalka galo. Haddii aanay caddaan Wadaadka ugu
gargaarin. waxaan oran lahaa si debecsan ha loola dhaqmo, ujeedda-
deenna oo ah Wadaadka oo la baabi'iyo iyo xasilloonida oo la soo ce-
liyo.

Khatarta ugu weyn ee dhalin karta isbahaysiga Dhulbahante waxa
weeye iyadoo loo qaato in duullaankeennu uu yahay mid Isaaqu dhul-
ka Dhulbahantaha ku soo kiciyey.

Haddaba waa inaad ka qaaddo tallaabooyin kasta oo suuragal ah
sidii loo baajin lahaa tuhunka noocaas ah, waxana jirtey tallaabooyin
horay looga qaaday arrintaas iyada ah.

Adigoo eiqoon u leh dalka iyo dadkaba looma baahna inaan si
cidag kaaga digo dhicidda qabaai'lkeena oo markii hore Waaadka la jirey,
haatanse aan inaga soo horjeedin. Haddii ay taasi dhac-
do, foolxumo ka sokow, waxay abuuri kartaa waxyeello halis
ah oo innaga hor yimaadda, taasoo ah siduu wadaadku doo-
naayo, iyo dhaqaaleheenna oo kharaj weyni fuulo. Sababtu waa
taas, siiba tan loo baahan yahay waxay tahay in dagaalkeennu ku
koobnaado Wadaadka iyo qabaa'ilka imminka, sida bareerka ah u raac-
san isaga; ugu horrayntii waa in la ammaan geliyo qabaa'ilka ka goos-
tay Wadaadka ee imminka innaga ina gargaaraya, in kastoo qabaa'ilka
ciidammadeenna la socdaa ay iyaga qaan u sheeganayaan. Arrimahaas
waxa laga heshiin doonaa marka duullaanku dhammaado kaddib.

49


Waxaa jirtay dacwooyin badan oo ay qabaa'ilkeennu ka qabaan
waxyeelladii ay u geysteen Wadaadka iyo kuwa raacsan; waxaa gar ah
in dawladda looga qaandhabo, haddii ay suurtowdo, qayb ka mid ah
kharajkii badnaa ee ku baxay duullaanka, iyadoo ciidanka naftiisuna
ku xisaabtamayo abaalgud lacageed. Kharajka waa in laga bixiyaa
maalka laga soo dhaco Wadaadka ama qabaa'ilka bareedhka u raacsan,
waxayna ila tahay saamiga xaqa ahi inuu noqdo saddex-dalool (1/3) oo
ciidammada la siiyo. saddex-daloolna khasaarihii lagu kabo. inta soo
hartana dawladdu qaadato. Arrintani waa mid ishaafalato ah, adiguna
waa inaadan sina ugu oggolaan inay waxyeesho danta ugu weyn ee
duullaanka laga leeyahay. Taniyo hadda inta la ogyahay Majeerteenku
Wadaadka, waa la col. Ha yeeshee war shalay naloo keenay wuxuu
sheegayaa ergo afar ah oo Majeerteen ahi inay kulan qarsoodi ah Wa-
daadka la yeesheen, ujeeddada imaatinkoodana lama yaqaan. Ku-xi-
geenka Danjiraha Talyaaniga ee Cadan fadhiya wuxuu dhowaan wa-
raaq u diray Waaliga Talyaaniga oo haatan jooga Raas-Caluula si uu
Majeerteenka Suldaan Cismaan Maxamuud iyo Suldaan Yuusuf Call
ay xukumaan loogu dhaqaajo inay jidka gooyaan Wadaadka, hadduu
holliyo inuu xeebta u cararo oo dhulkooda dhex maro. Anigu waxaan
dhowaan u sheegay Waaliga Cadmeed : digniin taas oo kale ah in la
siiyo boqorrada Xeebta Koonfurta Carbeed.

Waxaan jeclaan lahaa in aan ogaado hadday jirto tallaabo kale oo
u baahan in laga qaado tabaabulshaha duullaanka, adigana kugu soo
dhici karta.

Iyadoo aan loo malaynayn marnaba in Wadaadku isdhiibo, had-
dana isaga iyo kuwa raacsan oo kala ah : Axmed Warsame oo loo ya-
qaan (Xaaji Suudi); Diiriye Carraale iyo Diiriye Guure waxa qur ah oo
laga oggolaan karaa isdhiibid aan shuruud lahayn; wax sugan oo bal-
lanqaad ah oo noloshooda dambe laga siin karaa ma jirto. Ha yeeshee
Nuur oo ah Sudaanka Habar Yoonis, nabadgelyada naftiisa waa loogu
ballan qaadi karaa.

(Saxiixay)
J. Hayes Solder


AFBAKAYLE

Afbakayle waa goobtii ugu horraysey goobihii badnaa ee dagaalku
ka dhex maray Ingiriis iyo daraawiish. 1901, bishii Juun 3dii ayaa
gocbtaasi dhacday, waxay ka dhacdy meel balli ah oo hilaadda 45
mayl Laascaenood u jirta, kana xigta dhinaca galbeed. Haradaas waxa
waagii hore la oran jirey Afbakayle, hase ahaatee tan iyo maantii da-
gaalkaasi ka dhacay iyo haddaba waxa loo yaqaan Haradhiig; maga-
caasna waxay kula baxday wixii dhiig dad ahaa oo ku daatay maalin-
taas.

Ciidaraada Ingiriiska waxa diyaar laga dhigay, bishii Janaayo bar-
tameheedii, taladuna waxay ahayd in markaasba Daraawiish lagu duulo,
hase ahaatee waxa muddada dib u dhigay, xilligii roobku di'i jirey oo
gadaal u dhacay, sidaa daraaddeed waxa laga baqay in colka biya la'-
aani ku dhacdo, Daraawiishta qudheeda taasi waa u fiicnayd, maxaa
yeelay xoolaley bey ahaayeen oo jiilaashinka dagaalku waa ku xumaan
lahaa.

Dabadeed, bishii Abriile, sannadkii 1901 ayaa Ingiriisku col saddex
madax ah soo saaray. Colkaas ciidankiisu wuxuu isugu jirey caddaan
aan badnayn, Hindiga Banjaabka la yiraahdo. Sood^n, Sawaaxil iyo
Soomaali. Dadyowgaasi waxay aahaayeen kuwii, markaas, Ingiriisku
dhulalkooda gumeysiga ku haystay. Waxa ciidammada Ingiriiska
Ammaanduule u ahaa oo dusha sare ka xukumaayey Gaashaanle Dhexe
(Swayne) oo gadaalkii Daraawiishtu u bixisay Suweyn Cawar, waxa tira-
doodu ka koobnayd ama u habaysnaayeen siduu qoray Xoghayihii maa-
mulka Ingiriiska dalka Soomaaliya (Douglas Jardine) wuxuu yiri:

Nin colka Ingiriiska dagaallaminayey wuxu yiri:

The numbers and dispositions of the two opposing forces were as
follows on }une 1st.(!) :

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E. (Secre-
tary of the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition;

London, 1925 p. 76.


BRITISH FORCES

Main Body Somali Levy under Swayn
50 Mounted Infantry
20 Camelry
1,200 Infantry
3 Maxims
Two 7-pounder Guns
1,000 Transport Camels

At

Wadamago

Reinforcements, 3rd King's African Rifles

400 Mounted Infantry
and Camelry
50 Infantry

On the March
from Burao to
Wadamago.

DETACHED SOMALI LEVY

450 Rifles

Operating from the
Haud towards
Bohotle.

GARRISONS

150 Infantry

1 Maxim
One 7-pounder Gun
100 Infantry
1 Maxim

Burao.

La Dureh Blockhouse

MULLAH'S FORCES

12,000 Horsemen
1,500 with rifles
3,000 Foot, with livestock
and families

Near Baran (i.e. the
Barai in the south).
Moving southward?
from Damot.

52


CI1DAMMADA INGIRIISKA

50 Ciidanka lugta oo fardooley ah, \

20 Rakuubley ah, J

1.200 oo ah ciidanka lugta ah, f Intaasi waxay

3 Madfac oo xabbaddoodu 7 I fadhiday Wadaamagoy.

rodol tahay, |

1.000 Rati oo gaadiid ah, )

COLALKA laad IYO KAN 2aad

Gargaarrada, ciidanka 3aad (King's African Rifles)

400 Ciidanka lugta oo fardooley \ Waxay ka yimaadcen
iyo Rakuubley ah, f Burco iyagoo u

50 Ciidanka lugta, [ jeeda Wadaamagoy.

CIIDAN GOONI AH OO DALKA SOOMAALIDA LAGA QORAY

450 Buntukh oo ka dagaal gelaaya
Hawd iyo Buuhoodle.

CIIDANKA (GARRISONS)

150 Ciidanka Lugta

1 Madfac oo xabbaddiisu 7
Rodol tahay, f Burco.

100 Ciidanka lugta ah, [ Laas-dhuure

1 Boobe.

CIIDANKA WADAADKA

12.000 oo fardooley ah,
1.500 oo dabley ah,
3.000 oo wada xaasaska
iyo xoolaha.

Waxay joogeen
Baran waxayna u
socdeen dhinaca
koonfur iyo Docmo.

53


Nin colka Ingiriiska dagaallaminaayey wuxuu yiri:

On the 6th, despite the sudden panic on the left, the compaines
had rapidly recovered, as has already been shown, but during the 7th
the seventy of the fighting had sunk deep into minds already imbued
by a superstitious awe of the Mullah.

In kastoo bisha lixdeedii, dhinaca bidixda argagax iyo jaah wareer
ku dhacay, cuntubyadayadu clhaqsay uga kabteen, sidaannu marar badan
u tusaalaynay, hase ahaatee 7dii bisha dagaalkii kharaaraa wuxuu saa-
meeyey dadkii ay maskaxdooda ka buuxday cabsida iyo sheekooyinkii
wadaadka laga qabey.

Ciidammadaasu waxay wateen hub wanaagsan iyo wareego ku filan
oo loogu talagalay inay intii muddo ah ay ku dagaallamaan, maxaa yee-
lay arladu jidad ma lahayn, ammaanna ma ahayn wax-isgaarsiintuna
dhib bay ahayd. Waxaa ammaanduule u ahaa oo dusha sare ka xuku-
mayey nin gaashaanle ahaa oo la oran jirey Swayne Soomaaliduse wa-
xay u tiqiin Suweyn-cawar. Gaadiidka ciidanka Ingiriisku watay
wuxuu ahaa awr labo jaad ah, mid rakuub ah oo la fuulo iyo mid la
rarto, fardo iyo buquul. Wuxuu ka soo ambabaxay waddada kiridh,
w xuuna ka soo biyo qaatay ceelka Caynaba. Saldhiggiisa laga maa-
mulana wuxuu ka dhigtay balliga Afbakayle maalintaas dabadeedse loo
bixiyey Haradhiig.

Xarunta Daraawiishtu waxayl degganayd meel la yiraahdo Baaraan
oo magaalada Laascaanood dhinaca Hawd ka xigta, hilaaddana
labaatan mayl u jirta. Kolkii ay ka war heleen colkaas soo maahmaah-
day ayaa Daraawiishi isu ciidansatay, waxayna u gurmatay rugtii cii-
danka Ingiriisku fadhiyey. Hub badan ma wadan, waxay haysieenna
waxa ugu waxtar roonaa qiyaasta 200 oo qori oo isugu jira Maadhin-
yare, Jikre, Labasuul, Saddexmaar iyo Labomaar. Dabkaas intiisa badan
xabashi ayaa laga furtay dagaalkii Jigjigaad ee dhacay 1899, intiisa
kalena Sayidka ayaa degmo reer Qabridaharre ahi siyaaro ugu keenay.

Bishii Juun 3dii, sannadkii 1901 ayaa laysku hor fariistay, food-
dan a laysku gashaday balliga Haradhiig goor barqo ah. Ninka
darwiishka ahi wuxuu rumaysnaa labo hal midkood; in cadowga laga
adkaado oo uu hub wanaagsan furto, dabadeedna isagoo lib wata
xaruntii ku noqdo iyo in goobta lagu dilo oo uu jannadii Ilaahay galo,

Qorraxdu markey nin jooggii leekayd ayaa dagaal kharaar lay-
su qar saaray. Ingiriisku qorigiisii girligaanka ahaa wuxuu saaray buur
yar dusheed geed qurac ah oo ku yaal hoostiis, askartiina wuxuu u kala

54


jecdiyey afarta gar jaho si uu uga feeyigaado weerar lama filaan ah oo
meel waiba ka iman kara. Waxaa la weriyey in daraawiishi saacado
yar ka dib xeradii cadowga ugu galeen iyagoo aan cabsi innaba lagu
ogeyn.

Geeridu labada geesood hayb ma yeelan, hase yeeshee, daraawiiscn
waxay goc&taa ku weyday rag badan wax la diley, iyo wax la dhaa-
wacay Ingiriiska iyo dadkuu wateyna dad badan baa halkaas kaga qur
baxay.

Xogwarran Ingiriisku. qoray waxa lagu sheegay in Daraawiishta goob-
taas khasaaraha ka gaarey ahaa 200 oo laga diley iyo 300 laga dhaa-
wacay(l), hase ahaatee Daraawiish waxa laga hayaa ragga naga dhintay
50 kama badnayn.

Bung la yiraahdo Thaa'ir Mina-Soomaali oo ay wada qoreen
Xaaji Cabdiraxmaan Sayid iyo Cabdisabuur Marsuuq waxa ku yaal in
daraawiishta goobtaas 70 lagaga diley, 20 ninna lagaga dhaawacay,
Ingiriiska iyo dadkii la jireyna 70 lagaga diley, 80 ninna lagaga dhaa-
wacay.

Gabayadii Sayidka haddaynu u noqonno waxaynu garan karraa inay
goobtaasi ka mid ahayd goobihii waaweynaa, oo Ingiriisku ku baraa-
rugay oo garansiisay in daraawiishi xoog leedahay. Waa kii Sayidku
lahaa isagoo goobihii gabay ku soo koobahaya :-

Ajbakayle nimankii kufrigci uraya ii keenay

Ee Oodagooyiyo i dhigay ay da Daratoole.

In kastoo ciidammadii Ingiriiska nabarro waaweyn loo geystey,
haddana dib uma noqon ee ciidan cusub oo sii xoogeeyey ayaa lagu
soo kordhiyey, dabadeedna waxay isku dayeen inay dadka reer beeda-
ha ah oo daraawiishta taageersan xoolaha ka dhacaan. Daraawiishi kol-
kaas buuraha Laascaanood geesta bari ka xiga bay u qaxeen, cii-
dankoodiina heegan bay u reebeen.

Tan iyo bishii Mey dabayaaqadeedii ee isla sannadkaas waxa dha-
cay goobo yaryar oo ay ka mid ahaayeen: Waylaxir, Caanaxarigle, Kur-
garaad iyo Oodagooye.

(V Official History of the Operations in Somaliland, 1901-1905.

55


FARDHIDDIN

Fardhidin waa goobtii labaad, ee ka mid ahayd goobaha caanka ah,

waxay ka dhacday hawdka Garoowe iyo Laascaanood u dhexeeya.

Dagaalkii Afbakayle ee aynu horay uga soo sheekaynay si doora
u\aa Ingiriiska iyo Daraawiishtuba uga faa'iideysteen. Kolkii uu Ingi-
ri'sku ogaaday Daraawiishta xooggeeda, dabkeeda iyo ragga dagaallama-
ya, geesinnimada iyo tirada ragga iyo fardahooda wuxuu goostay inuu
xarunta weerarro iyadoo war maqabta ah. Dabadeedna wu-
xuu qalqaalay duullaan lixaad leh oo ka kooban ciidankii Afba-
kayle ka dagaal galay iyo mid lagu soo kordhiyey, markuu ogaaday
xaruntii inay deggan tahay (Fardhiddin) oo 50 mayl Laascaanood xagga
bari ka xigta ayaa duullaankii la bixiyey. (Fardhiddin) v/aa meel doox
ah, buuraha Hawdka dhexdooda ah oo afar dul leh, gees walbana
waxa ka xiga bookh bannnan oo laga galo; lagana baxo.

Sida la weriyey ama la garan karo, Ingiriisku dhuka reer miyigu
dego iyo dabeecadda Soomaalida ma aqoon. Sidaas daraaddeed
waxa horsocday dad Socmaali ah oo garwade u ahaa oo hawd-
ka aad u yaqaan. Daraawiishtu waa ka war qabeen colkaasu markuu
soo ambabaxay. Waxa la weriyey in labo dumar ah oo Soomaaliyeed
daraawiishta soo war geliyeen kolkii ay dhaqdhaqaaqii cadawga da-
reemeen, sidaasaa daraawiishtu u kor socotey intii uu ciidanka Ingiriis-
ku waddada ku soo jirey oo dhan.

Bishii Lulyo 16dfi 1901 ayaa colkii Ingiriisku goor arooryo ah
meeshii xarunta daraawiishtu ahayd soo weeraray, hase ahaatee habeen-
ka gelinkiisii hore ayaa daraawiishtu meesfoii ka guurtay oo maaU-
dii iyo xoolihii ka qaxiyeen. ciidankoodiina heegan ka dhigeen, Labo
buurood oo waddadii colka Ingiriisku soo mari lahaa labada dhinac ka
xigta, hawdna ah ayay kaynta dhexdeedii u galeen. Markii waagu dil-
laacay oo ay himhimow tahay ayaa ciidankii cadawga oo raaba-raabeu
vocdaa waddadii soo maray, isagoo ku tala jira inuu. xarunta qabsado.

Hase ahaatee dagaal bay ku bilaabeen, kalana hormareen. Ilaa iyo
barqo dheer ayaa rasaas laysku qasaayey ka dibna gacanta laysula tegey,

In kastoo labada geesoodba geeridu eyan hayb lahayn haddana
Daraawiish ayaa goobtii u hartay, dab iyo maal wixii gaalku watayna
waa ka meersadeen iyagoo lib iyo gallad toona nina uga hayn.

56


Daraawiish dagaalkaas ka qayb galay Alia ha u naxariistee,
eo la oran jirey Xaaji Jaamac Ismaaciil Dhoon wuxuu weriyey sfoee-
kadan soo socota, wuxuu yiri, Gaal aannaan magaciisa garanayn, asay
daraawiishtu u bixisay Afcarbeedle, oo colka Ingiriiska aad u dagaal-
lamaninayay ayaa darwiish la oran jirey Xaaji Maxamuul Dheri oo gee-
sinnimo loo ogaa, ka dibna dagaalkii Cagaarweyne lagu dilcy
ayaa ku dhaartay inuu ku janno tago dhibaato kasta ha kala soo gud-
boonaatee. Xaajigii intuu qorigiisii garabka gashaday; seeftiisiina ga-
canta midig ku qabsaday ayuu colkii dhex qaaday isagoo baraad la' oo
aan la moodin in geeriyi u qoran tahay. Inkastoo Afcarbeedle uu Xaa-
jigii dhawr xabbadood oo bastoolad ah ku riday, haddana dan iyo daa-
rad toona uma geline, intuu hoosta ka soo galay ayuu seeftii madaxa
kaga gooyey. Xaaji Jaamac oo sheekadaan weriyey wuxuu yiri, La-
badayada indhocd waxaan ka qaaday isagoo darwiishkaasii madaxii
gaalka v/ata oo uu luqunta faraskiisa ka laalaado, isaguna ku joogo.

Sheekadaas Xaaji Maxamuud Dheri waxa laga garan karaa tilmaa-
mihii ay daraawiishi lahayd, baqdin la'aantoodii iyo sidii ay mabda'ii
ay ku heshiiyeen ugu adkaayeen, kuwaasoo ahaa badbaadinta diinta iyo
la dagaallanka gaalada dadka iyo dhaqankiisa dhalan rogaya. Wa-
xaannu ku doodi karnaa in qofkii Xaaji Maxamuud Dheri iyo boqol-
laal la mid ahaa oo daraawiish ah uga qiyaas qaataa uusan gefin ee uu
hagaagsan yahay, maxaa yeelay, haddaad odayaasha waaweyn waray-
sato, waxay kuu sheegayaan sheekooyin badan oo taas la mid all ama
ka daran oo dagaalladii daraawiishta la xiriira.

Haddaynu goobtii Fardhiddin dib ugu noqonno, in kastoo Ingiriis-
ku dafiray, Daraawiishi goobtaas guushay ka heshay oo yiri wadaadkii
waa la eryey, Daraawiishi libin bay ku geeraartay cadowgiina hub badan
bay ka furteen; hase ahaatee haddana intii laga diley ama laga dhaa-
wacay wax si tifaftiran u sheega ma arag. Ingiriiskuse wuxuu yiri
waxaanu ka diley 69 Xaajiyaal iyo Mashaa'ikh u badan, qaar kalena
intaas in ka yar bay sheegeen; runtuse waxay tahay tirsi kastaaba ha ka
geeriyoodee, in dagaalkaasi taliskii Ingiriiska cabsi iyo caloolxumo weyn
u kordhiyey. H. F. Prevosi Battersby oo arrintaa hadal gaaban ka
qory wuxuu yiri: C1)

These defeats, such as they were, had no effect on the Mullah.

(1) RICHARD CORFIELD OF SOMALILAND, by H.F. Prevosi
Battersby, London 1914; pp. 36.


He was raiding again by the end of December, and in January was
within twenty-five miles of Burao, committing atrocities on men, women
and children, and looting vast quantities of stocks

Hadalkaas waxa loo tarjami karaa sida tan:

Wadaadku waxba kama dhigan guuldarradii goobahaas ka soo
gaartey. Wuxuu bilaabay inuu duullaan ku soo qaado meel 25 maj
Burco u jirta dhammaadkii bishii Disember iyo Jannaayo, isagoo si fool-
xun u laynaya rag, naago iyo carruurba, xoolo aad u tira badanna dha-
caya.

Dagaalkii Fardhiddin markuu dhacay ka dib Ingiriisku ciidam-
madiisii wuxuu ku ururshey Nugaal si uu uga fiirsado tallaabada labaad

00 uu qaadi doono. Swayne oo ciidammadii Fardhiddin iyo kuwii ka
dagaal galay Afbakayle madax u ahaa ayaa markuu arkay khatarta
Daraawiishta iyo kalsoonida ama niyadsamida ay naftooda ku qabaan
dagaalna heegan u yihiin, Soomaali oo dhanna in gaalada lala diriro
ugu baaqeen, wuxuu dawladdiisii u qoray xogwarran gaaban oo uu ka-
ga faalloonayo wadaadka xaaladdiisa iyo daraawiish khatarta ka soo so-
cota, waraaqdiina waa tan: 0

1 was impressed with the danger of the Dervish movement. Until

1 actually saw the Mullah's men fighting, I had no idea that a Somali
could be so influenced by fanaticism. J am speaking of the Dervishes,
the men who, following the custom of the Suakin Dervishes, have thro-
wn over father and mother and their own tribe to follow the Mullah,
They have passwords, wear a white turban and special bravery, anil
have sworn to throw up all worldly advantages. Of course a certain
number even of these Dervishes have joined the Mullah simply for the
sake of loot, but there are, on the other hand, a considerable numb
who are pure fanatics. At Ferdiddin and at McNeill's Zeriba these
were the men who led and who were shot down. At Ferdiddin, aftet
the others had fled, a number of these men remained behind to fight
to end, and were shot dhown as we advanced.

When recording the name of the enemy's dead, I found that a
large number were Hajis or Sheikhs.

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E.
(Secretary of the Administration Somaliland, 1916 21) First
Edition; London 1925 p. 71.

58


Iyadoo af Soomaali loo tarjameyna waa tan :

Anigu waxaan la yaabsanaa khatarta dhaqdhaqaaqa ciidammada
daraawiishta. Intaannaan arag ciidanka Sayidka oo dagaallamaya ma
aan malayneyn in jeceylka diintu Soomaalida sidaas oo kale u saamey-
naayo. Anigu waxaan ka hadlayaa daraawiishla Sayidka raacsan ee
aabbe iyo hooyo iyo qabiilba xoortay iyagoo raacaya caadadii daraawiish-
tii Soodaan. Erayo baaqida bay lahaayeen, duub cadna waa xiran jireen;
werdi iyaga khaas u aahna waa lahaayeen, waxayna ku dhaarteen inay
hand adduun oo dhan tuuraan. Run ahaan, in badan oo daraawiish-
taas ka mid ah ayaa Sayidka u raacay inay xoolo dhacaan, hase ahaa-
tee waxa jira rag badan oo jacaylka diineed u raacay. Raggaasi waxay
ahaayeen kuwii madaxda ahaa ee qaarkood lagu laayay Fardhiddin'
i-.'O sariibaddii McNeill's. Markii ragga qaarkii ay dagaalkii Fardhiddin
ka cararcen, raggaasi waxay ahaayeen kuwii haray si ay dagaalka u wa-
Lz:.n ilaa iyo ugu dambaysta; waana la wada toogtey intaannu weerar-
ka wa'.nay. Markaannu qoreyney magacyada raggii cadawga ka dhin-
tay, war: aannu ogaannay in badankoodii xaajiyo iyo shiikhyo ahaayeen.

Inkastoo ingiriisku sidaas daraawiish u arkaayey, gu'gaas waxa dhacay,
jaah wareer, dhac iyo duullaamo, iyo weerarro cusub, oo dagaalka da-
raawiishta iyo ingiriiska dhex maray loogu gabaday, hase ahaatee,
laguma liibaanin.

59


BEERDHIGA

Beerdhigi waa goobtii saddexaad oo goobaha waaweyn ka mid
ahayd waxay ka dhacday meel la yiraahdo Xodayo oo Gaalkacyo wa-
qooyi ka xigta una jirta hilaada 70 mayl.

Dagaalkii (Fardhiddin) oo aan hore uga soo sheekaynay ka dib da-
raawiishi waxay u guurtay hawdka dhinaciisa koonfur iyo Mudug xag-
giisa Sare. Dantay ugu guureenna waxay ahayd tigaaddii oo dhankaa
u badatay iyo iyagoo ku tala jirey inay dagaal isu diyaariyaan.

Isagoo ciil hore qabay, canaan kululina ku dhacday ayaa Suweyn-
cawr duullaan lixaad leh, oo dhawr madax u kala socdaa Nugdal
ka soo ambabixiyey oo daraawiish ka daba duuley. Xilliga markaa
la joogaana wuxuu ahaa kaliil gu oo sammadda iyo kulaylka ka baxaya
(haadka duulaa bakhtiyo. Hase yeeshee ciilkii iyo caradii wa-
daadka iyo daraawiish loo qabay daraaddeed, ayaa ciidanka Ingiriiskii
la koran waayey inta xilligu isbeddelaayo.

Cadowgu isagoo isku kalsoon, ilaaladii garwadaha u ahaydna
hor socoto ayuu kaliisha bartamaheedii Flawd soo dhambalay oo togga
Eeraggo, xagga isare kaga soo dhacay. Isagoo raabe isu daba jooga
ama u kala socda wuxuu saldhiggiisii ka ootay meel la yiraahdo
Sallax Eeraggo oo ceelka (Roox) waqooyi galbeed kaga aaddan.

Daraawiishi iyagoo dagaal u darban colkaana tallaabo tallaabo ula
socda ayay ciidankoodii afar madax ka dhigeen oo xaruntii iyo xoolM
ba halkii colka laga filaayey uga dibad baxeen,

In kastoo Swayne Golaha Sare ee Ciidammada Ingiriiska aadloo-
ga soo canaantay sababta ciidammadooda Fardhiddin loogu jebiyey aw
geed ayaa haddana hub, ciidan iyo wax alia wuxuu u baahnaa intaba loo
soo diray waxa amar buuxa lagu siiyey inuu daraawiish ku duulo; cii-
dankuu wataana wuxuu ka koobnaa sida hoos ku qoran :-

At the time of the action at Erigo the troops in Somaliland undei
Colonel Swayne's command were as follows:(J)

') THE MAD MULLAH OF SOMALILAND, by Douglas Jar dine,

O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland 1916-21) Firsl

Edition; London 1923; p. 88.

60


At the time of the action at Erigo the troops in Sm&lilind under
Colonel Swayne's Command were as follows:

Intaas oo af Sooinaali ahina waa tan-:

Markii dagaalkii Eerago dhacay askarta Soomaalida ee Gaashaanle
Sare Swayne uu u talinaayey tiradoodu waxay ahayd sida hoo ku
qoran :-

QAYB Corps j Nationality j TOL Strength TIRO
1st Batt., King's African' Rifles Ururka laad Kings African Rifles ! Sikhs 60
2nd Batt., King's African Riflei Ururka 2aad Kings African Rifles Yaos 300
6th Batt., King's African Rifles Ururka 6aad Kings African Rifles Somali 5#0
Local Levies Ciidammada dalka laga qoray Somali 1500
1st Bombay (now 101st) Grendien Ururka laad ec Bambada qarxiya oo Bumbey (haatan ah kan 101 aad) : ; Hindi 270
1st Company, 3rd Batt. King's African Rifles Ururka laad Ururka 3aad K.A.R. Soodaaa 100
5th Batt., King's African Rifles Ururka 5aad King's African Rifles Sikks 100
1st Batt., King's African Rifles Ururka laad King's African Rifles 320 Yaos 50 Sikhs 370
2nd Batt., King's African Rifles Ururka 2aad King's African Rifles Yaos 345
Tira Guud : 3,549

61


Ilaalada iyo wararku waxay xarunta u soo gaarayeen si isdaba-
joog ah oo dhaqso leh, dhaqdhaqaaq kasta oo colka gaalku samee-
yana wey kor joogeen aadna waa ula socdeen. Daraawiish qaarkood wa-
xay ku warrameen inaan Ingiriisku ogeyn, kana war hayn in arrimihii-
sa lala socdo, dagaalkiisana laga digtoon yahay.

Nin kastaa ha gabbado, nin kastaase ha gooddiyee, lixdii bishii
Oktoobar 1902, ayaa jilibka laysu dhigay balliga ia baxay Xodayo iya-
doo immintu arooryo tahay. Dagaalkaas ba'ani wuxuu socday tan iyo
habeenka gsliinkiisii dambe, inkastoo rag badan daraawiish laga laayey
guushii iyagay raacday. Swayne-cawar hawaduu qabeyna waa beenow-
dey, hub iyo maal wuxuu watayna gacantaa daraawiishi ku dhigtay,

Cawar, naanaystaa co dabadeed (Swayne) loogu magac darayna maalin-
taasey baxday, xabbad nin darwiish ahi soo riday ayaa isha kaga dhacday
saa isagaa galabsaday. Wixii Fardhidin ka qabsaday wax laba iyo toban
jeer ka daran ayaa dagaalkaa dambe ka qabsaday.

Ciidammadii Ingiriisku khasaarooyin aad iyo aad u weyn baa
dagaalkaas loogu geystey, rag iyo maal badanna goobtaas waa ku
waayeen, taliskoodiina waxay ku noqotay waxaan la filayn iyo sharaf
dhac. Bal qabsoo waxaa dhegta dhiigga loo daray kun iyo dheeraad
nin, waxaana laga dhaawacay sagaashan ay badankoodii isla goobtii ku
dhinteen. Ingiriisku wuxuu qoray ciidammadooda in laga diley 150
nin oo 3 caddaan tahay Daraawiishna 62 nin oo 6 muqadimiin
tahay, (1) hase ahaatee, Eebbe mooyee wax sheegi kara ma. jiraan
dadkii goobtaas ku dhintay gees kastaba ah ka dhintee. Wa-
xay daraawiishi goobtaas cadowgii kaga furatay 400 oo rati oo
rasaas, sahay iyo khamro ku raran tahay, laba madfac oo waa-
weyn iyo laba qori oo ah kuwa girligaanka loo yiqiin. Hase ahaatee
daraawiishtu 200 rati oo khamro ku raran tahay dib ayay gaalkii ugu
celiyeen, say waxba ku fali maayaane.

Daraawiishtu, in kastoo ay goobtii heleen, haddana guushaas dhi-
baato la'aan kuma helin, iyaguna taas fili mayn. Xaaji Jaamac Ismaaciil
Dhoon waxa laga weriyey, Habeenkii ayadoo meydkii daraawiishta
la aasaayo, Sayidku wuxuu ku maansa-boolyaayey qasiido Carabi ah oo
laga hayo labadan beyd :-

') THE MAD MULLAH OF SOMALILAND, by Douglas Jardine,

O.B.E. (Secretary of the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First

Edition; London 1923; p. 83.

62


J ,r.UHJ UJLaIj ^ Jtliil j-Jl! ^a CuIj^Ij

Kuwayagii dhintay ayaa ugu khayr roon inta qabuuraha ku jirta,
adduunka joogtana waxaa ugu khayr roon kuwayaga nool.

Dagaalkii Beerdhiga ee daraawiishi ku adkaatay markuu dhacay
ka dib ayaa warkii bari, galbeed, koofur iyo gees walba loo tebiyey oo
durba waxa la isu sheegay liibaanta daraawiishtu heshay. Markaasa dad
badani safro dhar iyo dabba leh u soo> rareen iyagoo< weliba ugu bo-
gaadinaya guusha weyn ee daraawiishtu gaartay. Safrahaa dariiqada
tegey waxa ka mid ahaa 40 rati oo banaatiikh, rasaas iyo dhar sida oo
ka timid reer Boqor. Intaa waxa dheeraa gabayo qoomammo iyo ia-
ciilkaambi ah oo rag daraawiish ka fogaa oo inay goobtaas joogaan
jeclaa mariyeen, waxaana ka mid ahaa gabay uu mariyey Yuusuf Shar-
ma'arke Cismaan oc ka mid ahaa lataliyayaasha Boqor Cismaan; wu-
xuuna yiri :-

Ragga yimi risaalada la sido libinta rooraysa

Oo Sabarradii Rcox ka yimid saaka lagu reeye
Anigaa ragaagaye raggii tegey ka liibaanye
Reerkoodii waxay dhcajsadeen raaxo aakhiro e
Maantana in gaaladii la rogey rayllcu noo yimiye
Nimankaa kufriga rccbayaan ahay rajiiqoode
Hortii baan rabbi gay tuugi jirey inuu rakeeyaaye
Ragcadahaan tukaday iyo sunaha faralka raacaaya
Werdigaan raiibay iyo tusbaxa raatubka aan haysto
Ruugga ha dhigtee wean la rabay riiqashiyo ceebe
Reer guurey reer negi qedbiga waa iska raaccaye
Anigana rikaab suul gclyoo waa i ruxayaaye
Sayid Maxamad ruunkuu fadhiyey rugihii loo jeelye
Rayraye ii qabo qalbigad raba daraawiishe/(,)

Dhowaan waxaan soo xusnay dagaalkii Beerdhiga kaddib in safro
badan oo dab iyo dhar wadaa ay reer Boqor iyo Bari ka yimaadeen oo
(xaruntii) tagcen. Safrahaas iyo raggii waday hadday muddo dhawr
bilood ah xar>jntii joogeen, xurmo iyo wanaagna loo galay Sayid-
kii wuxuu soo jeediyey inuu reer Boqor la xidido oo la siiyo Qaali
Boq or Cismaan; taasna wuxuu uga jeedey xididnimo meeshii soo gashay
in lays xurmeeyo, lana kala xishoodo. Iyana taa waa cggolaadeen oo

x) Yuusuf Sharma'arke Cusmaan.

63


Sayidkii gabadhM waa la siiyey. In kastoo aan Boqorku mceshaa joo-
gin haddana waxa xeer ika ah in gabadha adeerradeed iyo ilma adeer-
radccdba bixin karaan. Sayidkii wuxuu gabbaati u bixiyey 277 halaad
halkaasna waxa ka dhacay heshiis xididnimo iyo mid tolnimo oo is-
huwan.

Ergada wixk xoolo ahaa ec la siin lahaa ijo wixii loogu tala galay
markii loo dhammoeyey ayaa gabaygan wigootiga ah lagula ballamay,
waxaana mariyey Xuseen Dhiql, sida la sheegay Sayidku markaa ga-
bay ma aqoon. Sidaa daraaddeed ayaa Sayidku yiri Xuseen safraha
la ballan, Xuseea Dhiqlena jfabay buu kula ballamay oo wuxu yiri:

Sodcaalladatan joogow berraad socod damceysaane
Safar yahayow salaama e haddaad saaka naga guurto
Saagootigii iyo haadday sooryo idin raacdo
Saraar yeelan meel siman bannaan suudi iyo guure
Jidku waa sursuure e haddii eebbe idin saabsho
Sabadii baddii waxaad u dhixi laba siddeedaade
Hadday idin salaamaan kiwii sahanka dhawraayey
War hgddii lagaa sugo adoo daal la socon waayey
Sunne maaha xaajaduye yey idinka seer aar in
Abtiyaal sidaan idin fariyo sawd yar naga geeya
Ku salaama boqorkii adduun seegid baw darane
Gabay waa nin seegiyo nimuu saabka kaga yaalle
Sakhilaa la mariyaa birtaan soo fa kicinayne
Wean kala sifneeyaa sidii saayaqoo kale
Afartaa ma sarmseerinine siin ma ka higgaadshey
Sawd kalena waa kad&l yaraan sixi akhbaartiisa.
Sallux Eeragoo maalintay samadu gaadootey
Sumuc iyo jikraa maaylintay saannadu isdhaaftay
Saraakiisha maantuu tukuhu saabka kaga joogey
Ee suunniyaalow kufrigu baqaha siigeeyey
Waa siin Ilaahay wuxuu gaalku noo sidaye
Ingiriis sidii loo galiyo saxalka Iidoora
Sanbab dooxan iyo xiidma sayan sabar wixii yiilley
Saf dhan baa la gawracay sidii sadaqo reeroode
Cawar waxa surkii lagaga jaray sulub dharaareede
Saddex alifleyaashaan gudneyn sedatey naartiiye
Sumuca iyo seefaha dabkiyo saanadda aan taabnay

- o -

Tagoo seeddiyaal kaga warrama suuqa iyo xeebta

64


Ku sayaxa safkii ferenjigiyo saaxilka kharaabay
Ku salaama boqorkii adcluun seegid baw darane
Sucdigeynu leennahay haddaan anigu suureeyey
Sifadooda reer Boqor halaan yare ku soo sayray
Niman yahaw sokeeyaynu nahay saxar la'aaneede
Saalixiya diinteedu waa ina simaysaaye
Satnaan iyo kalgacal Eebbahay wayna kala siine
Sayidkuna jeclaa idinka iyo socotadiinniiye
Soomaali hadalkeedu yuu suruq inoo yeelin^.

Dagaalkaasi wuxuu soo jiidey in ammaanduulihii Suweyn lagu ma-
gacaabi jirey jagadii laga qaaday, iyadoo lagu eedeeyey maamul-xumo
iyo tabaabusho darro. Ninkaasi wuxjju eersaday dagaal aqoontii iyo
geesinnimadii daraawiishta, waxaana halkiisii la keenay General Man-
ning oo isagu dagaalka afraad ee Cagaarweyne ama Gumburo la baxay
ciidammada Ingiriiska ammaanduule u ahaa.

DUULLANKII SADDEXAAD

Duullaanka saddexaad waxa loo habeeyey si ka duwan habkii duul-
laamadii hore, waxaana lagu wadey in duullaankaasi guul kama dam-
bays ah soo hoyn doono oo Daraawiish la xasuuqi doono, hase ahaatee
ciidammadii Ingiriiskaa la xusuuqay.

Intaa waxa u dheeraa xirribtii iyo xeeladdii cadowgu doonayay
iyo habkii dagaalka loo maamulaayey si daraawiish maalintaa loo qabto
oo Ingiriisku ku male khasaaray. Ammaanduulayaashii ciidammada
Boqortooyada Ingiriisku waxay garteen in daraawiish duullaan saddex
madax ah lagu isaaro si eyan dhinacna ugu qaxin.

Midka kowaadna waa inuu badda maraa oo Hobyo ka degaa, da-
badeedna Mudug iyo Ceelcad ka soo baxaa oo daraawiish dhinaca
koonfur ka weeraraa.

Midka labaad waa inuu Berbera ka ambabaxaa oo waddada
Buuhoodle maraa, daraawiishna dhinaca waqooyi ka weeraraa.

Midka saddexaadna waa inuu Jigjiga ka ambabaxaa oo waddada
Dhagaxtuur maraa, dabadeedna daraawiish dhanka galbeed iyo Doolla
ka weeraraa.

Isla markaa Ingiriisku qorshayntaa uu damacsan yahay wuxuu u
sheegay Talyaaniga si taladaa loo meel mariyo. Waxa jirey heshiis
dihex maray laba !a dawladood 1897 oo ku saabsanaa in laga wada sha-

65


qeeyo wixii xuduudda u dhexaysa ka dhaca. Markii taa laysla oggo
laaday ayaa waxa Talyaaniga loo hawl saaray inuu Suldaan Cali Yuusul
'ob Hobyo u talin jirey u sheego in col Ingiriis ah oo daraawiish k
duulayaa Dekedda Hobyood ka soo degi doono, wixii taageera ah oo
colkaasi u baahan doonaana Suldaanka la dhammeeyo, dabadeedo;
Qunsulkii Talyaaniga ee Cadan u fadhiyey ayaa Suldaankii u yeeraj,
wuxuu weydiistey inuu oggolaado ciidankaas oo la damacsan yahay
in Hobyo laga rogo, dabadeedna Mudug dhex mari doona, wixii 1
baahdo oo gaadiid, ama hilib ahna la siiyo, intaa wuxu u raacshe;
in nin Talyaani ah oo danaheenna ilaalinaayaa Hobyo ka raaci dooDt
taasna Suldaankii waa oggolaaday.

Sidaasoo kale ayaa Xabashida arrintaa Ingiriisku ula dhammeeyey,
waxaana colka Xabashida la socdey oo Lataliye u ahaa laba nin ot
Ingiriis ah.

Bishii Disembar 26, 1902, ayaa markabkii ciidanka Ingiriiska si
day Hobyo tegey, dhawr toddobaad ayaa hubkii, rasaastii, raashinki
iyo alaabtii la dejinayey. Cali Yuusuf colkaa Ingiriiska waa ka xt-
maaday, ciidan u dhigma iyo wax itaal ah oo uu kaga hor tago midm
ma haysan, wax gacan ah iyo wax taageero ah midna ma heli kariii
Sidaas daraaddeed haddii colkii muddo bil iyo dheeraad ah fadhiyej
wax awr ahna aan laihayn ayay waxay dareemeen in Cali Yuusuf arm
ta ka xun yahay, wax gargaar ahna aan laga filayn. Sidaas daraad
deed, Ingiriiska iyo Talyaanigu waxay goosteen in la qabto oo la xiro
kaddibna arlada loo tashado. Dabadeedna maalin maalmaha ka mic
ah ayaa waxa lagu marti qaaday markabka dushiisa, talada qarsoonim
waxey ahayd in lagu xiro.

Isla markaas waa la qabtay, waxaana loo dhoofiyey Casab oo
ahayd dal markaas Talyaanigu gumaysto. Kaddibna waxa la booba;
wixii arlada joogey oo gaadiid ahaa. Sidaas ayaa colkii Ingiriiska ee
Hobyo ka soo degey Mudug uga soo ambabaxay isagoo laba qaybood
ah, Hobya wuxuu ka soo baxay bishii Maarso 1903. Sheeto
ku tin ku teen ah waxaannu ku maqalnay 40 fardooley ah oo daraa
wiisih ah ayaa Ceelgaala oo Hobyo u dhow ciidankaas Ingiriisika ka raao-
day. Markuu minqaad guuraba labay hore u diraayeen.

Colkaas saddexda madax ah si kastaba ha u socdeene ballankocda
guud wuxuu ahaa in 15ka Abril col waliba gaaro meeshii loogu tab-
galay. Amarradii ka soo baxay ammaanduulaha ciidammada Ingiriisks

66


oo la farayey Janaraal Manning oo ciidammada daraawiish la dagaal-
lamaya madax ka ahaa iyo tilmaamihii la siiyey waa sidan hoos ku
qoran(l), waxaana u qoray Field-Marshal, Earl Roberts, oo ahaa Ta-
liyaha Guud:

1 am to state that the object of your operations should primarily
be the expulsion of the Mullah from the oasis of Mudug, which has
formed the bases of this recent raids on the Somaliland Protectorate.

The Italian Government have made it a condition of their assent
to the disembarcation of a force of His Majesty's troops at a port with-
in the Italian sphere of influence, that so far as the Military situation
will permit, the direction and distribution of the troops in their sub-
sequent advance on Mudug should aim at preventing the Mullah from
retreating south-ward into the Webbi Shebeli valley. His Majesty's
Government have accepted this condition, as it is obvious that the reti-
rement of the Mullah into the Webbi might result in his ultimately
becoming a serious menace not only to the Italian Protoectorate, but
also to the Jubaland province of British East Africa. The details of
your final dispositions for the advance from Obbia to Mudug must,
however, depend on your latest intelligence as to the enemy's mo-
vements, and are, therefore, left entirely to your discretion.

If the Mullah should be driven from the Mudug, or should retire
there from without contesting your seizure of that district, you should
endeavour, if the conditions of the country and of your force permit,
to pursuise him with mounted troops; but his pursuit should not be
pushed to any greater distance than four or five day's march to the
south or westward.

The Italian Government are anxious, if possible, to establish at
Mudug some form of administration, and with a view to this it has
been agreed between His Majesty's Government and the Italian Go-
vernment that an Italian officer will accompany your advance from
Obbia as political officer. Probably it would be found expedient to
reinstate Yussuf Ali at Mudug, and to assist him in making his posi-
tion there secure for the future; but as to this you should be guided by
the views of the Italian political officer.

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E. (Secre-
tary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition;
London, 1923; p. 92.

67


You will be good enough to report to the Secretary of State for
War your occupation of Mudug and the results achieved by that oc-
cupation, with a view to further instructions being issued for your
subsequent guidance.

It is hoped that an Abyssinian force, accompained by two British
Officers, will occupy the eastern Abyssinian frontier, and thus act as a
stop to the Mullah should he retire in that direction. You will be in-
formed, however, by telegram later if the Emperor Menelik consents to
carry out this arrangement.

You will bear in mind that as the south-west monsoon will make
ire use of Obbia as a port dangerous, if not impracticable after the end
of April, it will be necessary to embark all troops and stores left at that
base before that date. The Commander in Chief considers, however,
that it will probably be desirable that the Obbia column should not
return to the east coast, but should march through the country, via
Bohotle, on Berbera. His Lordship is of the opinion that this movement
is likely to have a salutary effect on the tribes.

His Majesty's Government attach much importance to the constru-
ction of good roads and the improvement of water supplies by the
of the Haud. It is believed that if the country is opened up by these
sinking of wells in the Protectorate, especially on the northern fringe
means a feeling of security will be engendered, and the maintenance
of internal order much facilitated. For this reason it has been decided
to place a Pioneer Regiment on the Lines of communication from Ber-
bera to Bohotle in lieu of the Bombay Rifles and the remainder of the
Bombay Grenadiers originally proposed by you. You should, therefore,
impress the importance of this work strongly on the officer comman-
ding the troops in the Protectorate. The work is to be taken in hand
immediately on the arrival of the Pioneer Regiment from India. The
directioin of the roads constructed and the sites chosen for sinking
wells must be selected primarily having regard to military considera-
tions; but, subject to this limitation, the permanent development of the
Protectorate must be carefully borne in mind. On this point you sho-
uld consult with His Majesty's acting Commissioner for the Protec-
torate.

Finally, I am to remind you that on the termination of the opera-
tions it will be desirable that the British, Indian, and the greater part

68


of the African troops should return to their normal stations. You will
therefore consider carefully what should be the strength and compo-
sition of the future garrison of the Protectorate, and you will report
fully your views on these points for the consideration of His Majesty's
Government.

Waraaqdaas waxa af Soomaali loogu tarjabi karaa sida tan :

Amarrada soo socda waxa la siiyey Janaral Manning, waxayna ka
soo fuleen ammaanduulaha ciidammada Ingiriiska, Earl Roberts

Waxaan ku ogeysiinayaa ulajeeddada duullaankaasi inay tahay in
wadaadka laga eryo meelaha biyaha leh ee Mudug, oo ahaa saldhigyadii
uu dhowaan kaga soo duuley Soomaaliya aynu u talino.

Dawladda Talyaanigu waxay oggolaatay inay ciidammadeennu ka
soo degaan dekedaha Talyaanigu u taliyo, ciidammadaasoo ka dagaal
geli doona Mudug, shaqadooduna noqon doonto inay wadaadka u dii-
daan inuu Icoonfur iyo dhinaca Webi Shabeelle u qaxo. Dawladda In-
giriisku way oggolaatay arrintaas, maxaa yeelay waxa la ogsoon yahay
in wadaadka u kiciddiisa dhinaca Webi Shabeelle ayan cabsi gelinayn
dalka Soomaalida Talyaanigu u taliyo oo keliya ee Gobolka Jubaland
oo ka mid ah Afrikada Bari ee Ingiriisku u taliyana ay cabsi gelineyso.
Sidaas daraaddeed, ayaa bixitinkaagu ka bilaaban doona Hoobyo oo
aad Mudug ka soo aadeyso wuxuu ku xiran yahay ama ku xirraan doo-
naa hadba sidaad uga war heshaan meesha cadowgu ku sugan yahay.
sidaa awgeed adigay kula iirtaa hadba sidaad uga tashan lahayd ar-
rintaas.

Haddii wadaadka Mudug laga eryo ama uu iski uga baxo
isagoo aan kugula dagaallamin gobolka qabashadiisa, waa inaad isku
daydaa haddii ciidankaagu kuu suura geliyo inaad fardo ku erido, laa-
kiin waa inuusan cayriskaasu ka dheeraan masaafo afar ama shan maa-
linsocod oo ah dhinaca koonfur ama galbeed. Dawladda Talyaanigu
waxay ku tala jirtaa hadday u suurtawdo inay Mudug hub traamul u
samaysato, sidaas awgeed, dawladda Ingiriiska iyo Talyaanigu waxay
isla oggolaadeen inuu sarkaal Talyaani ah oo arrimaha siyaasadda maa-
mula ciidammadeenna Hoobyo ka soo baxaya raaco. Arrintu waxay
ku fiicnaan lahayd in Yuusuf Cali la siiyo awoodda talada Mudug lana
kaalmeeyo si aayatiinkiisa dambe loo sab at a bixiyo, laakiin taa waa in-
aad uga dambaysaa fikradda uu qabo sarkaalka Talyaaniga ee siyaasiga
ah. Waxa wacan warbixin ku saabsan qabashada Mudug iyo waxay

69


qabashadaasi dhaliso inaad u soo qorto Xoghayaha Dawladda ee Ar-
rimaha Dagaalka si mar dambe dhabba aad raacdo laguu soo siiyo. Wa-
xa la filayaa in ciidamma xabashi ah, oo laba sarkaal oo Ingiriisi la
socdaan ay ka dagaal galaan xuduudda bari ee xabashida, si ay isu
hortaagaan haddii wadaadku damco inuu dhinacaas u qaxo. Hase ahaa-
tee, taar baa lagugu soo ogeysiin doonaa haddii Boqorka Itoobiya ar-
rintaa oggolaado.

Waa inaad xusuusnaataa in bisha Abril dabayaaqadeeda ka dib
ay dabaysha moosinka ah ee ka dhacaysa koonfur galbeed khatar ka
dhigi doonto dekedda Hobyood, waa in askarta iyo alaabta saldhiggaa
ku hartay oo dhan la soo dejiyaa taariikhdaa ka hor. Ammaanduula-
ha waxay la tahay inay fiicnaan lahayd inaan ciidanka Hobyaad ku no-
qon xeebta bari, hase ahaatee uu dalka soo dhex maro oo Buuhoodfe
ka soo tallaabo ilaa Berbera. Waxay kaloo mudanaha la tahay inay
arrintaasi tusaale fiican u tahay qabaa'ilka.

Dawladda Ingiriisku waxay ku tala jirtaa inay Maxmiyadda ka
dhisto waddooyin wanaagsan, ceelalna ka qoddo siiba waqooyi hawd.
Waxa la ogsoon yahay haddii dalka sidaas loo furo in nabadgeliyadu
xoogoobeyso, taliska gudahana sahal noqonayo. Sidaas awgeed waxa
la guddoomiyey in ciidammada dhismaha oo Hindiya ay ka shaqeeyaan
waddooyinkaas war isgaarsiinta ee Berbera tan iyo Buuhoodle, iyagoo
ciidammadaasu beddelaaya kuwa Bumbay iyo kuwii ka haray oo aad
adigu markii hore ku talisay.

Waa inaad haddaba ka dhaadhiciso saraakiisha u talisa askartaa-
da maxmiyadda siday shaqadaasi muhim u tahay. Waa in shaqada
durba la bilaabaa markay Hindiya ka yimaadaan ciidammada dhismuhu
tubta waddooyinku raacayaan iyo meelaha ceelasha laga qodaayo. Waa-
na in la doorto iyadoo la fiirinaayo waxtarka ay u leedahay dhinaca
mileteriga. Laakiin waa in fiira gaar ah loo yeesho dhismaha guud ee
Maxmiyadda. Arrintaas waa inaad kala tashataa wakiilka dawladda
Ingiriiska u fadhiya Maxmiyadda.

Ugu dambeystii waxaan ku xusuusinayaa in dagaalka ka dib loo
baahan doono ciidammada Ingiriiska kuwa Hindiya iyo kuwa Afrika
badidoodu inay ku noqon doonaan saldhigyadoodii caadiga ahaa.
Waa inaad haddaba ku fekertaa tirada iyo nooca ay noqon doonaan
ciidammada joogtada u daafici doona Maxmiyadda, waana inaad war-

70


bixin abyan oo arrintaas ku saabsan soo dirtaa si ay dawladda Ingi-
riisku ula socoto arrintaas.

Ingiriisku kalsooni weyn buu ku qabay qaroomayntaas, wuxuuna
filaayay in colkaas saddexda madax u qaybsani guul soo hoyn doono,
daraawiish dhaqdhaqaaqooda dambena aan la arki doonin, sida laga
garanaayo talooyinka Janaraalka la siiyey; taana waxa ugu wacnaa
habka colalka loo maamulay iyo tiro badnaantaas ama tabaha cusub ee
ay ku dagaal galayaan iyo wareego ku filan oo loogu tala galay. Cii-
dankaa tiradiisu waxay ka koobnayd sida soo socota :-

The Third Expedition(*)

The expeditionary forces in Somaliland were to be composed as
follows :-

OBBIA FORCE (2,296 strong)

From South Africa :-

1 Company (141) Britsh Mounted Infantry.

1 Company (100) Boer Mounted Infantry.

From Berbera :-

1 Company (150) Punjap Mounted Infantry.

550 King's Afrikan Rifles.

From India :-

200 Bikanir Camel Corps;

1 Section Native Mountain Battary (2 guns).

The Second Sikhs.

1 Company Sappevs and Miners.

1 Native Field Hospital; and

1 Sectiion British Hospital.

BERBERA BOHOTLE FORCE (1745 strong) :-

Protectorate Flying Column, viz., 650 Sikhs and Yaos from the
Ist and 2nd Battalions King's African Rifles.

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E. (Secre-
tary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition;
London, 1923; p. 91

71


From India :-

I Pioneer Regiment (737)

3 Companies (300) Ist Bombay (Now 101 st) Grenadiers.
1 Native Field Hospital.

From England :-

1 Telegraph Section (58) Royal Engineer
The Commands and staffs are shown in Appendix (B).

Inaats waxa af Soomaali loogu tarjami karaa sidatan :-

Ciidanka Saddexaad

Ciidammada Ingiriisku Sayidka ku soo saaray waxay ka koobnaa-
y~en sida soo socota:

CIIDANKA HOBYO (2296 nin)

Ciiclanka waqooyi Afrika laga keenay :-

I Horin (141) ciidanka lugta ee Ingiriiska oo fardooley ah.
1 Hcrin (100) ciidanka lugta ee (Boer) oo fardooley ah.

Ciidanka Berbera laga keeiiay :-

1 Horin (150) ciidanka lugta ee (Pujaub) oo fardooley ah.
550 ^King's Africa Rifles*.

Ciidanka Hindiya laga keenay :-

200 (Bikanir) ah oo rukuubley ah.

1 Koox dalka laga qoray oo fardooley ah watana laba
madfac.

1 Koox takhtarra ah oo dalka laga qoray.

1 Koox tkhtarra ah oo Ingiriis ah.

Ciidanka Berbera Buuhoodle (1745 nin) :-

Ciidanka duula ee Maxmiyadda oo ka koobnaa:
650 Siikhis iyo Yaos lagana keenay Ururka kowaad iyo kan labaad ee
King's African Rifles.

Ciidanka Hindiya laga keenay :-

1 Guuto dhisne (737).

72


3 Horimood (300) ciidanka kowaad ee Bombay (haatanse
ah kan 10Id) ee bamka qarxiya.

1. Koox takhtarro ah oo dalka laga qoray.

Ciidanka (England) laga keenay :-

1 Koox siinley ah (58) Injaneerada reer Boqor.

CAGAARWEYNE

Cagaarweyne waxay ahayd goobtii afaraad ee goobaha waaweyn
ee daraawiishi Ingiriis kaga guuleysatay hub badanna kaga furatay.
Haddii dhinac kale laga eegana waxay ahayd goobta Ingiriis ku jabay,
colkiisiina ku riiqday, ciidammadiisuna garabka midig ku dhigeen.

Daraawiishi way ka war qabtey waana la socotey colalkaas saddex-
da madax ah oo foolka ku soo haya, intii itaalkoodu ahaana way u
tabaabulshaysteen, Ingiriiskuse taa kama war qabin oo wuxuu rabay
inuu kedo ku weeraro iyagoo xog moog ah. Maalintii bisha Abril 14ka
ahayd ayaa galabnimadii colkii Hobyo ka soo degey ceelka gallaadi yi-
maadeen, halkaana wuxuu kula kulmay nin darwiish ah oo awr dhaan all
v/ata. Haddii la waraystay wuxuu yiri, Anigu daraawiish kama war
qabo, dabadeedna waa xireen, hase yeeshee habeenkii buu ka fakaday.
In kastoo ilaaladu colkaas dul joogtey ninkii dhaanka watay daraawiish
war cad buu u geeyey, tiradooda, hubkooda, haasaawahooda iyo wixii
ay ku faalloonaayeen. 15kii Abril ayaa colkii tegey Gumburaha Ca-
gaarweyne, wuxuuna ka samaystay xero weyn oo uu ku gabbado. Dar-
wiishka la yiraahdo Cismaan Boos ayaa ilaaladii ugu dambeeyey oo
habeenkaa ka hoydey. Habeenkaa daraawiishi waxay ahayd rikaab-
kujoog, waxayna ku guddoonsadeen waagu markuu dhag yiraahdo in
jihaad lagu kiciyo, colkoodiina waxay ka dhigeen laba meelood.

(Douglas Jarine) oo colka Ingiriiska ka warramay wuxuu yiri(l) :

* Within the encampment there yvas a strange medley of men drawn
from maany different conrner of the Empire: From the British Isles,
from South Africa, from Frontier oflndia, from Kenya, from the Nile,

(1) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jardine, O.B.E. (Secre-
; tary of the Administration. Somalilan, 1916-21) Second Edition;
London 1923; p, 94.

73


from the uplands of Central Africa. Boers and' Sikhs aand Sudanese:
Their racc had batteled against the Empire not so many years be-
fore, but had since found contentement and prosperity under British
rule. Now they were to be united in an imperial adventure, that like of
which had seldom, if ever, been essayed bfore, in a campain against
an inscrutable enemy, whose, range, of movement extended from
Cape Guardafui to the equator, form the sea into Abyssinia, who of-
fered no target for attack, no city, no fort, no land, and no posses-
sions sav those of others which, if lost, could be replaced as easily
as they had been acquired. In short, there wajs no tangible military objec-
odds were in his favour and haw to scuttle across waterless and. barren
deserts when the odds seemed against him-

Hadalkaasna waxa loo tarjumi karaa sidatan:

Xerada waxa joogey rag laga keenay dalal badan oo Ingiriisku
u taliyo, dalka Ingiriiska, Koonfur Afrika, Hindiya, Kiinya, Webiga
Niilka. Afrikada Dhexe, Holand, (Boers), Siikhis^ Suudaan. Raggaas
dalalkoodii sanooyin aan fogeyn. dagaal. bay kala soo hor jeedeen daw-
ladda Ingiriiska, laakiin waagaas ka dib horukac iyo nabad. gelyey ku,
heleen xukunka Ingiriiska hoostiisa haatan waxay ku. wada. jiraan xil-
ligan aan isagoo kale marin oo ay taageerayaan dawladda. Ingiriiska,
waxayna la dagaallamayaan cadow ku meeraaya dhulka ka bjlawda
Raas Gardafiil iilaa dhulbarka iyo,. badda ilaa Xabasha, iyadoo aan
marnaba la ogeyn dhul laga qabsado, ama duunyo kale oo ay hays-
taan, in aan ka ahayn waxay markii laga dhaco markiiba si sahal ah-
beddelkoodii u heli karaan. Hadalkii oo kooban wax la hubaa oo la-
gu duulaa ma jiraan, intaan ka ahayn nin burcad ah oo isagu markuu
libinta haysto xeelad oo dhan yaqaan, markay arrintu ku xumaatana
si sahlan uga fakan kara ama u carara.

Waxaa la ogyahay in daraawiishi fardo badan haysteen, ku-
na dagaallami jireen, fardahana aqoon u lahaayeen jaad waliba mar-
kuu dagaalka ku fiican yahay. Sidaas daraaddeed ayay ku tashadeen
in jaadka Xamarka loo. yaqaan uu gelinka hore dagaalka galo, maxaa
yeelay qorraxda uma adkeysan karo, jaadka Baroorka la yiraahdana
g-'hnka dambe galo, jaadkaas oo adlfaysan iyo karti lagu yaqaan,.

16kii Abril 1903, aroornimadii ayay daraawiishtu ciidankii Ingi:
niska soo dul fariisatay. Kolkuu waagu dillaacay oo ay salaaddii
tukadeen ayay afarta geesood kaga dhufteen. Mutfdo yar kaddib da-

74


raawiishtii raasaastii waa joojisay oo nin waiiba inta buntukhiisa ga-
rabka gashay ablaydiisii gacanta ku qabsaday oo iyadoo xabbaddii sida
roobka u dhacayso oadowgii la dhex galay, gacantana laysula tegey.

Abbaaraha saacaddu markay ahayd 11.00 subaxnimo ayaa eiidaa-
kii kowaad ee daraawiishtu dagaalkii ciidankoodii labaad u bannec-
yey, kaasina isagoo carcartiisii qaba ayuu si habsami ah u dagaal
galay. Daraawiishta ciidankeedii hore wax bedqaba kama ay iman
ciidankii dambena wax nool kama uu iman.

Daraawiish badan oo dagaalkaas ka qayb gashay, waxay weriyeen
in Ingiriisku Giidankiisii silsikd bir ah lugaha ka geshay, oo labo la-
bo isugu xiray si ayna u kala baqan ama u eararin, taasina daraawiish
vax weyn bay u tartay, waxayna awood u siisay inay labo labo u gaWra-
caaft, 'oo ruuxna aanu goobtaa ka fakan.

Abbaaraha kowdii duhurnimo markay ahayd ayaa wax dhaq-
dJiaqaaq ah ama wax rasaas ah dhinac kasta laga waayey. Maxaa
wacay gacan baa dagaalkii tegey. Daraawiishi iyagoo gabayo iyo wel-
gooyin digasho ah ku maansoonaya, ayay dabkii, rasaastii girligaankii
iyo wixii maal ahaa ee gaalku watay gurteen.

Waxa la weriyey in eiidankii Ingiriiska ee dagaalka galay wax
nabad qabaa goobtii ka tageen lix nin oo keliya, sidaa waxa qoray
H. F. Pervosi Battefsby wuxu yiriC1) :-

After fighting magnificently, the British force, its ammunition
exhausted, was overwhelmed, only 41 men rejioning Colonel Cobbe's
column, of whom i>ut 6 were unwounded; our loss being British
officers and over 200 men.

Intaasna waxa loo tarjumi karaa sidan soo socota :

Si fiican markay u dagaallameen ayaa ciidammadii Ingiriiska laga
adkaaday iyadoo ay ugu wacnayd rasaastii oo ka dhammaatay, waxa ka
fakaday 41 nin oo keliya oo ciidankii Kornayl Cobbe ku soo biiray,
kuwaasoo lix nin ma ahee inta kale ay dhaawac ahaayeen; hasaarana
dayadu waxay ahayd 8 sarkaal oo Ingiriis ah iyo 200 nin in ka badan.

'J Richard Corfield of Somaliland, by H. F. Prevosi Battersby, London

1914; p. 38.

75


Douglas Jardine isna wuxuu ka qoray (2):

has already been stated, all the British officers with the force
had been killed. In addition to Plunked and Olivey, our dead included
Captain J.John-Stawart, Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, Captain
H.H. de B.Morris, Est Kent Regiment, Captain L.Mckinnon of the Not-
ts Derby Regiment, Lieutenent J.A.Gayonr 2nd Regnment. Our total
casulties were 9 British Officers killed, and 187 men killed and 29
wounded. There were only six unwounded survivors. But it had almo-
st Pyrrhic voctory for the Dervishes; nd the dead bodies lying in lea-
ps aroundthe spot where the square hd stood were a grim movement
to the gallnt defenders. Indeed, it subsequently transpired that, so far
from gaining prestige from Gumburu, the Mullah found that it was
not long before the rejoicings of his victorious Dervishes yilled to de-
pression as they grimly reflected that the small indeed force, before
being overwhelmed by vastly superior numbers, had inflicted a loss in
killed and woumeded hea vier than they hd ever suffered on any pre-
vious occasion.

Hadalkaasna waxa loo tarjumi karaa sidatan

Sidaannu kol hore u niri saraakiishi Ingiriiska ahayd oo dhan waa
la laayey, Plunket iyo Oliver, waxa kaloo la dilay kabtan J. fohonson
Stewart. Argyu iyo Suttarand Highlanders, Habtan H.H. de B. Morris,
East Kent Regiment, Kabtan L. MacKinnon of the Notes iyo Derby
Rejiment, Biytenent J. A. Qaymar, 2nd Regiment, tirakoobkii khasaara-
ha na soo gaaray waxa ka mid ahaa 9 sarkaal oo Ingriis ah iyo 187
askar ah oo la diley iyo 29 dhaawac ah, gootaas lix nin oo keliya oo
aan la dhaawicin baa nooga fakatay, laakin goobtaas guusheedii anna-
gaa lahayn meydkii goobtaas tuunsanaa wuxuu marag ka ahaa geesin-
nimada raggaas. Sida runta ah wuxuu wadaadkii dhaqso u ogaaday in-
ay an guusha daraawiishta Gumbura ka heshay ahayn mid sidaa u sii
weyn, maxaa yeelay ciidankaygii yaraa oo ay dhawr goor ka badnaa-
yeen dhaawac weyn oo aan hadda ka hor ku dhicin bay daraawiish ku
dhigeen intaan la baabi'in ka hor.

(2) The Mad Mullah of Somaliland, by Douglas Jaridine, O.B.E. (Secre-
tary to the Administration, Somaliland, 1916-21) First Edition
London 1925; p. 139.

76


In kastoo muraadkooda weyni uu ahaa aad hub furatiin, haddana
Daraawiishtu waxay gacanta ku dhigtey wax alia wixii gaalku watay
wax kastaba ha ahaadeene, sidaannu kol dhoweyd u soo sheegnay.

Ciidankii Ingiriiska wax nabad qaba oo aan la dhaawicin waxa
goobtii ka baxay lix nin oo keliya; daraawiishtuna goobtaas lib iyo
guul bey kala laabatay, Ingiriisna jab, calool xumo iyo baroor buu
kala laabtay.

Dagaalkii Cagaarweyne sidii aannu u soo sheegnay waxaa si weyn
ugu guuleystay daraawiish, waxaana ku riiqday ciidammadii Ingiriiska
iyo kuwuu soo urursaday. Goobtaasi waxay Ingiriis u noqotay cashar
aad u kharaar oo uusan horay u filayn, si hawlyarna u halmaami ka-
rin; daraawiishina baal dheer oo lib iyo geeraar leh bay ku gashatay. Ga-
bayo badan iyo sheekooyin kala duwan ayaa goobtaa laga tirshey; ama
laga mariyey; giddigoodna waxay muujinayaan guushey daraawiishi
halkaa kala laabatay.

SHEEKO LAYAAB LEH :-

Sheekooyinka Cagaarweyne ee layaabka leh waxaa ugu daran mid-
datan oo uu weriyey Maxamed Xaaji Xuseen oo ku magac dheer
Sheekaxariir; wuxuu yiri, Dagaalkii Cagaarweyne markuu dhacay
waxaan ahaa kuray yar, waxaannuna degganayn meesha la yiraahdo
Faaf oo degmada Qabridaharre ah. Xerada geelayaga raarteeda dambe
meel u dhow waxaa ahaa geed qurac ah, geedkaa waxaa ugaxi u
tiil gorgor. Sidii loo joogey ayaa gorgorkii la weeyey. aabbahay ayaa
wuxuu yiri, War gorgorkii geedkan fadhiyi jirey xaggee buu u kacay,
ayaantan lama arkine !

Wuxuu maqnaadaba dhawr casho ka dib iyadoo guriga raartiisa
la fadhiyo ayaa gorgorkii soo muuqday. Aabbahay iyo rag kale ayaa
kolkaas isweydiiyey meeshuu ku maqnaa. Intii hadalkii la hayey ayuu
geedkii ugaxdu u tiil ku degey, kolkaasay laantii la jabtay, dabadeedna
dhulkuu habsadey oo kici waayey, markaasey raggii yiraahdeen : War
culeys ku soo kordhay aawadiis baa laantu ula jabtaye, gorgorka dooxa
oo bal eega waxa ku soo kordhay.

Nin la oran jirey Maxamuud Gurey ayaa gorgorkii dooxay, wa-
xaana calooshiisii laga soo saaray 500 oo xiniinyo rag ah. Inta dha-

77


bannada la qabsaday ayaa lavs wada eegay oo waxa la yiri Warmaanta
geyiga Sooraaaliyced wax weyn baa ka dhacay oo aan horay loo arkin
bal aan war dhawrro!.

Laba maalmood haddii k joogcy ayaa warkii noo yimid oo naloo
soo sheegay in daraawiish iyo Ciidammadii Ingiriis ay isku birjab'een,
Cagaarweynana oo dagaal ba'ani ka dhaceen*.

Shcekadaasi waxay ina tusinaysaa guuldarrada goobtaas ka dhac-
day iyo wixii rag haadka loo goglay. Bal waxaa la yaab leh haddii uu
gorgor keliyi sidaas maydkii uga dhergey, inkastoo sheekadu maskaxda
ka fog tahay, maxaad mooddaa dugaaggii iyo haadkii kale oo raqdii
yimid saamigiisii !

Ingiriisku kolkii dagaal daraawiisheed uu u baxaayo wuxuu tumi
jirey teneg iyo -waxyaalaha dadka in wax jiraan lagu ogeysiiyo, waxa
dadka lagu oran jirey, Soo baxa daraawiish baa loo duulayaaye, cad-
daan. Hindi (Yamyam, iyo Suudaan dagaalyahan ah baa diyaar ahe.
Soo baxa, daraawiish aad geel ka hesheene. Soo baxa daraawiishi ta-
bar ma lehe; fardahoodu ruqo weeye oo weerar iyo raacdo toona ma
jeli karaan; rasaasna ma haystaan Soo baxa nin walib'a xero mug-
geed buu heli doonaaye!.

Nin magaciisa la oran jirey Qaaje Maxamed Giise, lagu naanaysi
jirey Qaaje^Balas, -ayaa hadalladaasi hodeen oo intuu run mooday ku
darmaday ciidankii Ingiriisku goobtii cagaarweyne u dumayey. Nin-
kaasi wuxuu ka mid ahaa raggii yaraa oo caradii iyo warmihii daraa-
wiisheed :ka nabad galay. ^ Markuu reerkiisii nabad tegey :ayuu gee-
raarkan mariyey, isagoo Eebbe weyne mahad u naqaya mar haddtiu
naftiisii badbaadiyey, Ingiriiskana haaraamaya ragguu damaca baas ge-
liyey oo beenta ku hoday; wuxuuna Qaaje yiri:- -

Raxanraadkiyo hawsba, kama raalli ahayne

Rag baas bay damciyey, Rabbina wayla iraaday

Ged baana raadi lahaa, waxba yaan timaydiisiyo

Ratigiisa rareeriyo, Ramaggiisa kaxayne,

Kol haddaan nibaddayda reerihii nabad geeyey
Rabbiyow mahaddaa !!!

7:S


Hindigaa ridi doona, Soodaantaa rogi doonta
Yamyamkaanrinjijiirsan, Rag cad baynnu u geyn
Reedhi baynnu, ahaan, Ruqe weeye farduu
Rasaastoodu ma fiicna, Rabbigay talin maayo
Rugtoodaynu galnaa, ninba reer ha kaxaysto
Sow wixii na hor roorayee, Raggii ay qoranaysiyo
Rogay gaalyada maaha eey !!!

Geeraarkaasi wuxuu ina tusayaa maragna uu. ka yahay sidii... cii-
dammadii Ingiriiska Cagaarweyne looga gpl roonaaday ama. hawadey
qabeen ugu beenowday. Hindiga, S.oodaanta iyo Yamyamku. waa um-
madihii berigaas Ingiriisku dalalkooda gumeysanaayey, wuxuuna u soo
urursaday dagaaikii Daraawiishta.

Xaaji Saalax Guuleed.oo ka mid ahaa culimada waaweyn oo. Boqorka
la fadhida, xagga diintana kala talisa waxa laga weriyey : Da-
gaaikii Cagaarweyne markuu dhacay gadaalkiisii ayaa Sayid Maxamed
Boqorka waraaq u soo diray; waraaqdaa hadalladii ku qornaa waxa ka
mid ahaa :

(jul^U^ Ihif^.. $ I3i %u.t o£*ijy \ ihl

Caddaankii waxaannu ka dilley lixboqol iyo xogaa, intii kalena
waxaannu ka dfiignay koronkorro la kala firdhiyey.

Dagaalkaasi wuxuu ku dhammaaday guul, dhinaca Daraawiishta,
guuldarro iyo gacna maran dhinaca Ingiriiska.

Waxa jira qasiida Carabi ah-oo Sayidku goobtaas ka mariyey iyo
gabayo.


DARATOOLE

Waa goobtii shanaad ee ciidammada Ingiriiska iyo Daraawiishi ku
kulmeen. Daratoole waa balli ka mid ah ballida Haraxagarrey oo Dan-
nood ugu magac dheer tahay. Ciidankii labaad ee Ingiriiska oo Ber-
bera ka soo baxay, looguna tala galay inuu Daraawiish dhinaca waqooyi
ka weeraro, waxa madax u ahaa Colonel Sweyn. In kastoo colkaasi
markii hore Berbera ka yimid, haddana Buuhoodle ayuu beryo ku ha-
kaday.

Bishii Abril 15dii 1903, ayaa colkaasi isagoo hummaysan ka amba-
baxay Buuhoodle oo Hawd Koonfur u kacay. 19kii Abril ayuu balliga
Dannood tegey isagoo aan wax war ah ka helin waxa Cagaar-
weyne ka dhacay iyo waxa colkoodii ku dhacay midna, maxaa yeelay
daraawiish baa ku kala dhex jirtey, halkaasuuna ka samaystay xero
ama gabbaad uu ku war helo, dabadeedna draawiish ka weeraro.

Taniyo Buuhoodle ama taniyo Berbera daraawiishi colkaa waa la
socdeen, waana ka war hayeen tiradiisa iyo taladiisaba. Habeenkuu
Dannood soo degeyna iyagoo digniin qaba waxay ka dab shideen bal-
liga Daratoole. 22kii Abril ayaa colkii Ingiriiska oo dumani u kacay
dhinaca bari ee ballida Haraxagarrey, si ay u hubiyaan waxa meelaha
jooga. Markay xeradii inyar ka socdeen ayay dad aroor ah heleen, daba-
deedna waxay ka war heleen in colkoodii Hobyo ka soo baxay Gum-
buro lagu jebiyey, daraawiish oo dagaal heegan u ahina hor fadhido
oo sugaayaan.

In kastoo rag ilaalo ah oo dusha sare ka eega loo diray; inarkii
hore daraawiishtu colkaa uma bixin, hase ahaatee iyagoo markay milic-
du kululaato oo cadawgu harraadka dagaalka la eeganyaa ayay afarta
geesood weerar kaga dhifteen, in kastoo saacadihii horeeto lays mari
waayay oo hadba gees laysula dillaamay duhurka dabadiisa markay
ahayd ayaa colkii Ingiriisku baqday.

Waxa qosol leh hadal uu ka qoray Dougls Jardine oo ahaa :-

Ciidnkayaga oo dagaalkii ku jira ayaa waxa la dhaawacay sarkaal
Ingiriis ah oo la oran jirey Captain Bruze. Markaasaa waxa la isku
dayey in ninkaas dhaawiciisii la qaado, isagoo buste lagu sido ayaa as-
kari Sikhs ah waxa lagu yiri, War awr ninka lagu qaado soo qabo.
In kastoo askarigii awrkii soo qabtay, haddana isagoo soo wada ayaa
rasaastii dhacaysey daraaddeed awrkii ka diday. Sidaas daraaddeed
ayaa nacaskii awrkii u sii daayey. Dabadeedna ninkii oo la sido ayaa
mar labaad xabbad kale ku dhacday, waana uu naga dhintay*.

80


Dagaalkaas rag badani daraawiish kagama dhirnan, goobtiina
iyagaa ku adkaaday, colkii Ingiriiskuna waa laga xoog roonaaday isagoo
baqe ah ayuu Buuhoodle ku noqday, isagoo aan war fiican ka hayn cii-
dammadii kale waa la jebiyey mooyee.

Aan marag ahaan u soo qaadanno hadal gaaban oo uu qoray H. F.
Prevosi Battersbq oo goobtaa ku saabsanaa, wuxuuna yiri(l) :

Three days later the Bohotleh Column, some 500 strong, under
Major Gough, reached Danod, 45 miles from Gumuru, ignorant of the
disaster. On the way of Daratoleh the mounted men under Majour
Gough, numbering about 200, were attacked, and after several hours
severe fighting forced to rtire to Danop; losing 2 officers and 13 men
killded and 4 officers and 28 men wounded.(,)

Hadalkaas tarjumaddiisiina waxa weeye :-

Saddex maalmood dabadeed, ciidankii Buuhoodle oo ka kooban
500 oo nin, madaxna uu ka ahaa Gaashaanle Gough ayaa Dannood
oo 45 mayl u jirta Gumburo soo gaaray isagoo aan khasaaraha dhacay
waxba ka ogeyn. Iyagoo ku jeeda Daratoole, ayaa rakuubleydii uu

Gaashaanle Gough ammaanduulaha u ahaa oo tirsigoodu ku dhow
yahay 200, la soo weeraray; saacado dhawr ah kaddib markuu dagaal
kululi socdeyna waxa lagu khasbay inay u cararaan Dannood iyadoo
laga diley laba sarkaal iyo 13 nin lagana dhaawacay 4 sarkaal iyo 28
nin.

FAALLA GAABAN:

Labadaa dagaal haddaynnu faallo gaaban ka bixinno, waraaqdii
ammaanduulaha Ciidammada Ingiriiska (Chief Commander) uu u qoray
Janaral Manning oo lagula dardaarmaayey waxa hadalladii ku qornaa

ka mid ahaa : ....... Haddii wadaadka Mudug laga eryo ama uu isagu

iskii uga baxo isagoo aan kugula dagaallamin gobolkaas qabashadiisa
waa inaad iskn daydaa inaad wadaadka fardo ku erido. Hadalkaasi
waa beenoobey (waxaad mooya qooqaaratiyo maluhu waa beene).

Douglas Jardine; wuxuu qoray: Goobtaas (Cagaarweyne) anna-
gaa guushii helnay; isla markaa wuxuu yiri, Wax aan la dhaawicin
lix nin oo keliya ayaa ka fakaday colkayagii. Haddaba labadaa hadal
markii la isbarbar dhigo ma suura geli karaan ? Wax nabad qaba lix

x) Richard Corfield of Somaliland, by H. F. Prevosi Battersby Lon-
don 1914; p. 39.

81


nin baa ka baxay iyo guushii annagaa hellay Waa laba hadal oo kala
fog. Dantii Ciidamraada Ingiriiska loo diray waxay ahayd laba mid-
kood :-

1. In wadaadka qudhiisa la qabto.

2. In ciidammadiisa la kala eryo si aanay dagaal dambe u soo
kicin. Labadaa midna lama helin. Haddaba waa maxay
guusha ay ciidammada Ingiriisku heleen ? Runtii waxa shee-
gay H. F. Pervosi Patlersby oo isaguna qoray(l):

After these two defeats, the worst that had ever been inflicted
upon a British force in Somaliland, General Manning, falling back,
moved across the Haud to Bohotleh, which was reached on 26th June.
The Mullah, feeling the pressure of the Abyssinians, crossed our fron-
tier between Bohotleh and Dannot and entered the Nogal with the
whole of his following.

So in the most unsatisfactory manner the campaign ended, the
most disastrous that had befallen the British arms

Hadalkaas waxa loo tarjami karaa sidatan :-

Markii ay dhaceen labadaas goobood oo ahaa kuwii ugu xumaa
ciidan Ingiriis ah oo Soomaaliya jooga kuwii la soo gudboonaada ayuu
Jeneral Manning dib u gurtay oo intuu Hawd dhex maray Buuhoodle
tegey, 26kii Juun. Isagoo wadaadku dareemaya culayska xagga Xa-
bashida ka saaran ayuu soohdintayada ka gooyey Buuhoodle iyo Doc-
mo dhexdooda oo Nugaal galay isagoo dhammaan dadkii raacsanaa
wata

Sidaas daraaddeed ayuu duullaankaasi ku dhammaaday habkii ugu
fool xumaa, wuxuuna ahaa khasaare ciidammada Ingiriiska la soo gaar-
siiyo kii ugu weynaa.

FAAN IYO GOODDI

In kastoo Ingiriiska dagaalladaas dhaawac xumi ku gaaray, hadda-
na wuxuu ahaa dawlad xoog leh oo aan jabkeedu muuqan, horaana
waxa loo yiri, Gaalo jabkeeda waa qarsataa; hase ahaatee Daraa-
wiishi libintaa yar oo ay gaartay waxay u ahayd guul weyn oo ay soo
hooyeen, sidaa daraaddeed, markuu dagaalkii dhammaaday ka dib ayaa

(1) Richard Corfield of Somaliland, by H. F. Prevosi Battersby,
London 1914; p. 39.

82