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“...Published by the Chefoo Schools Association CHEFOO r*01'SCHOOLS ASSOCIATION The Chefoo Magazine 2013 FEATURED IN THIS ISSUE Lone Scout, at Chefoo, by David 7 Chefusians go to War—in China, by Ian Grant with Robert McMillian Chefusians were not Immune from Child Abuse, by John Sturt Paul and Ray, by Frank Moore Our very own Cows, by Fisa Porter and Ruth Young The First Chefoo School Repatriation by Fred W'oodberry Full Table of Contents Profile—Robert mcmullan Robert McMullan, or Bob as he is known to our Toronto Chefoo community, has a Chefoo history like few others. He was born and raised at Chefoo by a prominent local family with deep roots both in missions, and in business. Apart from a couple of teen years in England to attend a school designed to train him to be a proper Englishman, with a proper British accent, that was rudely terminated at the outbreak of World War in Europe, he attended the Chefoo School as a day student. Upon completion of his schooling he left China in 1941, avoiding...”
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“...Page 2 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 Editor’s notebook may be surprised that you are receiving this magazine so early in the year, given it for over a decade now it has been distributed early in the fall. As I said in last issue, given that I tend to spend considerably more time in front of my computer our Canadian winters, and yearn to be outside in the fresh air in the summer, why not my seasons around and work on the Magazine in the winter. I am glad I have done And while I have been yearning for spring, I have constantly reminded myself that a cool March this year, when I am writing this editorial, is really in my interest. The question for me, when I made my decision last summer, was whether I would have enough material on hand to produce two magazines over a six-month period. Thankfully, that has not been a problem. Readers remind me from time to time that they are amazed that we continue to produce interesting stories about life at the Chefoo School, even though it has been well over sixty...”
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“...Page 3 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 C.S.A. ARCHIVES If you have pictures or documents related to Chefoo Schools, please consider passing them on to central archival locations: • In the UK, Rebecca Mackensie will assist you to place them in the CIM/OMF/CSA archive collection at the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies. Telephone Rebecca in London at 00 44 (0) 7944 393, or contact her by email at rebeccamackenzie(a)amail.com • In Australia and New Zealand, contact Marjorie Keeble by email at m.keeble(a)biapond.com. • In North America, Ian Grant will assist you to place your documents with the CIM/OMF/CSA collection at the Billy Graham Archives at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois. Chefoo(a)roaers.com CONTENTS FEATURE STORIES Chefusians go to War—In China By Ian Grant with Robert McMullan The First Chefoo School Repatriation By Fred Woodberry 10 33 SHORT ESSAYS Lone Scout at Chefoo, by David Parry 7 Some Chefusian Reminiscences 8 Chefusians were not immune from Child Abuse...”
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“...which enable me to not hear instructions that I don't want to hear. Sam Arendt, Canada, 1938-1932 I was happy to receive the latest Chefoo Magazine. I was intrigued by the origin of the Kuling name. I see that two more of my contemporaries are gone. The Clarks used to live in Wei-Hai-Wai. After the war Captain Cook, Calvin's father, sold his house in Shanghai to Mr. G.C. Willis for $6,000. I lived in it in 1946, before coming to Canada. Calvin had a brother Luther. Is he still living? (He passed away in December 2011—Ed.) On page 43, we do not know the name of Chefoo boatman. "Kansanpandi" means "boat caretaker," his job description. (Sam is referring to the report of the quiz at the September 2012 Chefoo reunion in London: 'What was the name of the Chinese boatman in Chefoo before the war?') Clarence Frencham, Australia, (Ed. In the 2012 issue of the Chefoo Magazine, preceding Clarence's letter to the editor, I erroneously reported that Clarence had passed away. Oh dear! I wrote to Clarence...”
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“...the internees. On the base of the monument we found Paul's name (in Chinese) along with all those who had been interned - eyes brimmed with tears here. The Weifang news media made much of Paul's return (the small boy returning as an old man to a place of hardship) allocating front page and the whole of page three to the story, and photos, and presenting each of us with a complimentary copy. Steve Harnsberger, President of the Kuling American School Association, whose father and uncle attended KAS. He is writing upon receiving the 2012 Chefoo Magazine, specifically the Editor's Notebook. Here is the story of Derek—the Chinese man reaching out to me in the last three days, coming to understand why he realized his 'American Dream," and thinking of the people who made that possible. It is incredible to see those Chinese re-assessing their own lives as far back as the 1940s to understand this and ask who played a role in their education. That is why I believe the work we are doing is a spiritual...”
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“...establishment and on-going development of the Lushan Institute. He has always welcomed members of the Chefoo Schools Association to participate in KASA events, including their reunion at Kuling in 2007, of which five Chefusians attended. In this book Sterling includes his life at school at Kuling. Thornton Wilder: A Life by Penelope Niven HARPERCOLLINS PUBLISHERS | October 22, 2012 Thornton Wilder was a student of the Chefoo School (1911-1912). His early life at the School is mentioned and elaborated on. From the back cover: "Art is confession; art is the secret told.... But art is not only the desire to tell one's secret; it is the desire to tell it and hide it at the same time. And the secret is nothing more than the whole drama of the inner life." -Thornton Wilder. Thornton Wilder: A Life, the first biography of the playwright and novelist since 1983, is also the first to be based on thousands of pages of letters, journals, manuscripts, and other documentary evidence of Wilder's life, work...”
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“...Page 7 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 A LONE SCOUT AT CHEFOO By David Parry This is an excerpt from David's unpublished manuscript, "The Beginning and the End of the Chefoo Schools; The Parry/Easton Connections with Chefoo". Editor's Preamble: At Kuling we were pretty well all assigned to a Cub, Scout, Brownie, or Girl Guide troop. At Chefoo only the Girls' School was formally organized as Guides or Rangers. From Wikipedia: "Lone scouts are members of the Scout movement who are in isolated areas or otherwise cannot participate in a regular Scouting unit. In order for a boy to become a Lone Scout, he must meet the membership requirements of the area's Scouting organization and have an adult counselor who may be a parent, guardian, minister, teacher, or another adult. The counselor instructs the boy and reviews all steps of scouting advancement. Lone Scouts can be in the Scout Section or sections for older young people, and in some countries in the Cub section or sections for younger boys. They follow...”
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“...Chefoo Magazine, 2013 Page 8 Three-leg racing By Grace (Woodberry) Bradley, Chefoo 1 938- 1 942 Some Chefusian Reminiscences Pa Bruce's daughter Jean was my sports buddy. She is the other half of that three-legged race twosome with me in my photo (Jean is the blonde girl ). Jean and I ran as one, and won every year until that last year ('42) in Upper One when she was sick. They tied me up with another girl, and no matter how I coached her after each spill, she would do the opposite. We not only lost, but came in last after falling down over and over! It took us as long to navigate the long length of the field it did for them to actually put the rope up again for us to cross when we finally arrived at the finish line with our skinned bleeding knees! I was so humiliated, but it was good for my pride. Good lesson to learn at newly 10 years of age! Butterfield & swire steamship company By john cooper, Chefoo 1936-1937 John's father was Lt. George R. Cooper, with the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Fleet...”
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“...unpublished manuscript, "The Beginning and the End of the Chefoo Schools," 2011. For those two months late in Tientsin in 19311 was a member of Eric Liddell's boys' Bible Class. One day two of us were invited to go to his study at the Anglo-Chinese College. It was a large room and it needed to be as it contained Eric's collection of trophies. This was, of course, just seven years since his great Olympic victory at Paris. There were drawers full of medals, large glass cases to house his big trophies, and his Scottish Rugby caps were arranged around the walls. It was almost too much for two young chaps to take in and all the time Eric was there telling us about everything with a lovely humble smile. It was only a little time after we left Tientsin that we learned of the wedding of Eric to Florence McKenzie, and knowing both of them, we were delighted. There is a sequel to this story. In 1981, Edinburgh was chosen to host the first showing of the film Chariots of Fire and our son kindly obtained...”
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“...Peartree Restaurant on Parliament Street. There was insufficient room in the 2012 issue of this Magazine to include the interview because so much of that issue was taken up with the 2012 Chefoo Schools Association tour to each of the locations of the Chefoo School in China. The interview for the Magazine this year is a bit more extensive than the Toronto reunion interview, and it also includes two contextual essays, one being an overview of the remarkable McMullan family in Shandong, and the other a brief overview of WWII, with special emphasis on the South West China theatre. These short essays are followed by Bob's interview. PARTI THE MCMULLANS OF SHANDONG James and Lily McMullan arrived separately in China in the mid-1880s. James was from a family of farmers in Northern Ireland, but he was not fond of farming, preferring to travel to distant lands. After spending a brief time as a pharmacist's assistant, he sailed to China in 1884 to serve as a missionary with the China Inland Mission (CIM)...”
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“...Chefoo Magazine, 2013 Page 11 Bobs and his wife Winnifred had expanded so that in 1899 James formed McMullan & Company. However, they still operated the Industrial Mission. Exactly a year after Gladys was born, James and Lily had a son, who they named Bobs. The Boer War in South Africa was going on at this time, and they following it closely. They were very proud of Lord Roberts, so they called their son David Frederick Roberts. David was never used, and Frederick was the full name of Lord Roberts, so they called their son Bobs. It was by this name he was always referred to. Over time the McMullans expanded their work. Around 1910, responding to a request of the local magistrate and other dignitaries, they opened an orphanage for the many homeless children in the district. Writes Gladys: Some wealthy Chinese were persuaded to donate towards building a section for the boys, another for the girls and destitute women. Here again my parents were matter-of-fact, setting up a class for the older...”
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“...Chefoo Magazine, 2013 Page 12 her sister would go out with them. At the end of the evening Bobs flagged a taxi to take her to her home in Douglaston, Long Island. That was the beginning of the end for a single Bobs McMullan. When his mother heard about it she was aghast, and immediately took a boat to Shanghai, across the Pacific, then across the USA, to investigate - too late! It was a very tense party of three that returned to Chefoo. Bobs' son Robert says, "My mother and sister were fairly horrible to her, but giving birth to me more or less remedied the situation." Or, as Gladys wrote more sedately: "She soon settled down in her new home, and made many friends." Before long Bobs had expanded McMullan and Company to include a range of Chefoo businesses: insurance, the Ford dealership, import/export, publications, and shipping agents. He was very active as a Rotarian, was a Freemason, and was leader with the Chefoo Chamber of Commerce. Perhaps the most significant, even dramatic, event...”
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“...leadership in Chefoo were almost immediately arrested and imprisoned, including P.A. Bruce, the headmaster of the Chefoo School, and of course Bobs McMullan. After three long months they were all released, except for Bobs. He was considered by the Japanese to be of prime importance due to his position as owner of the largest Chefoo business, and at the time he was the Grand Master of the Masons. He was taken to the provincial capital at Jinan. Eventually his wife received notice that he was returning home, but she was devastated when all she received was a box containing his ashes. It seems he died, at the young age of forty-two, following a brief illness. The details are not known. Chefusians are all familiar with the events of the next three and a half years - initial internment at Chefoo, then transfer to the concentration camp at Weihsien. Liberation came in the summer of 1945, and no sooner had the Japanese left Shandong province than the Communists moved in. Chefoo was closed to ...”
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“...Page 14 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 Economies were protected through high tariffs and by dumping of goods. Their colonies were also the source of raw materials, which bolstered large manufacturing and heavy industry in their homelands, and gained enormous riches through exporting goods to their colonies. This was the model that Japan sought to emulate, and they did so in Taiwan (which they had acquired from China in 1895), then Korea and then Manchuria. But two raw materials Japan still lacked were oil and rubber. They acquired most of their oil from the United States, and rubber from British Malaya. Alarmed by the Japanese belligerence in Manchuria, however, the United States sought to restrict Japan's expansion in 1940 by placing an embargo on oil and scrap steel to Japan. This was part of the impetus for Japan to expand at bewildering speed into Hong Kong, French IndoChina, Dutch East Indies, Malaya, Thailand, and Burma in 1941 and 1942. Although the colonial powers of Britain, Holland and...”
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“... and others with the British or American secret services. You will now find out more about this in my interview with Bob McMullan. PART III INTERVIEW WITH BOB MCMULLAN Chefoo Magazine (Q) You were born and raised at Chefoo. Bob McMullan (A) Yes, I was born in 1923 at the Temple Hill Presbyterian Hospital. When I was school age I attended the Chefoo School as a day student. Although we were permanent residents, every four years we would go on 'home leave' - an absurd term for families like ours. This always included Douglaston, Long Island, to stay with my maternal grandmother. On one leave I even enrolled in the local primary school. Although half American, I always maintained my Britishness. When we traveled, Canadian Pacific Steamships made special fares available to us because the family firm was CPR agents in Chefoo. We crossed the Pacific on Empress ships, and across the Atlantic on Duchess ships, all CPR. These reduced rates also applied to CPR trains across Canada, and to rental...”
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“...that P.A. Bruce went to as a youth. It was a shock because I had been used to having everything done for me at Chefoo. At this college the rules were very very tough. Q Yet this plan was eventually aborted by the outbreak of the War. A Yes, at the end of 1939 when I was 14. The War started on September 3rd of that year, and my mother in particular, being an American, wanted her little boy away from the bombs, so I did this little trip across the States and out to China. They met me in Yokohama. I completed my last two terms at the Chefoo School. Q You left Chefoo again in the summer of 1941. Up to that point, had you ever worked for your father's company? A Nothing. I remember going into my Dad's office and looking at what he did, which was sitting at a desk and such. And I thought: "This is incredibly boring." So that's all I had to do with it. Q Tell us more about leaving Chefoo. At school in England A I was incredibly lucky to have left early in the summer of 1941, because if I had waited...”
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“...Page 17 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 that went around was that I was supposedly to be flown over Paris and be dropped in and melt into the population - absurd, since I didn't speak any French. Q When you had completed your training you returned to your home-land, China. A Late in 1944 I boarded a ship for Bombay, then took a train to Delhi, and spent a few weeks at a place north-east of there, called Meerut, for my final orientation before being sent to China. From there I went to Calcutta, and then flew over "the hump" to Kunming. Q Asanaside, I have a vague recollection of taking that same flight a couple of years later - early summer 1946 - when with my mother, my two brothers and I, like you, took a ship from England to Bombay, then took the train to Calcutta where we were held up fora few weeks due to rioting in the streets, then got an old plane, with all the seats around the perimeter of the plane, not in rows, and flew to Shanghai to meet our father, via Kunming. A Oh, that is interesting...”
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“...chosen by General Wedemeyer to fly in with a group of GIs to the Weihsien concentration camp to liberate them, including, of course, all the Chefoo School internees. Now, you had as good or better qualifications than Jimmy Moore to do this, but of course you worked for the wrong side - the Brits, not the Americans. A Yes, that's true. Q Did you know Jimmy Moore in Kunming? A No, I didn't know he was there. But later I got a letter from him. Q I talked with him on the phone in 2005, not long before he died. He seemed a very humble, gracious man. A Yes, he didn't make a big deal about it. You know, in Chefoo the Moores were called "Moo Cow Moore" because they had the cows and distributed milk to missionaries. Q Yes, Jim told me about that. His father had been a bit of a cowboy back in Texas before he became a missionary (See profile of Jimmy Moore in the Chefoo Magazine, 2005). A About a month after Jimmy Moore went to Weihsien, my Uncle Jimmy flew in. Q Why did he go in? Was this a follow up because...”
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“...Page 19 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 General Carton de Wiart camp, or assistant to a general. I was the lowest rank, a Captain, and there was a Lt. Colonel, and at one stage there might have been a Major. The Lt. Colonel was his top man. Q This sounds fortuitous. How were you selected for this position? A When the War was over I was sent to Calcutta to wind up the accounts for our SOE office in Kunming. From Calcutta I flew to Kunming to refuel, and on to Chunking. This was January 1946. So, I turn up there, and the reason I got the job as number one was because my predecessor was due to be released from the army - a man called Donald Eckford, and the Eckford family, as you know, worked very closely with the McMullans in Chefoo and Tsingtao. Donald was another Chefusian. And the general said to Donald Eckford, you can't go unless you get a replacement, so that was me. Q What age was this Eckford compared to you? A Five years older. Q Were you good friends? A Oh, he was a lovely man. So I arrived...”
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“...Page 20 Chefoo Magazine, 2013 it tougher going down than going up; going down the steps is hard on the knees. (See side bar for the Lt General's account of this trip). Q You know, at Kuling, or Lushan as it is now called, they have a monument at the Gap, or main town, with the title "Kuling"... A Why do they call it Lushan? Q Well, Lushan is the mountain range, and Kuling was the main valley that Westerners developed. It is now, to a great extent, preserved for Chinese tourists who are attracted to it as an example of a Western community in the pre-liberation period. They have close to two million Chinese visitors each year. A Oh no, but how do they get there? They don't go up the steps? Q A road was built for Mao in the '50s. They go up by bus and get there in about twenty minutes from Jiujiang (formerly called Kiukiang), or they also can go up the back way from Nanchang, but that takes quite a bit longer - it depends whether you fly in to Jiujiang or Nanchang, which is the capital of...”