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“...THE
CHINA MISSION
YEAR BOOK
1918
(NINTH ANNUAL ISSUE)
Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature
Society for China and the China Continuation Committee
under direction of the following Editorial Committee
appointed by the China Continuation Committee
Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D.
Rev. F. D. Gamewclf, LL.D.
D. E. Hoste, Esq,
Rev. E. G. Lobenstine
Rev. J. W. Lowrre, D.D.
Rev. D. MicGilIivray, D.D.
Rev. G. F. Moshcr
Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D.
Rev. W. li^^FrT^ReQS, D.D.
TuLt ^
-Rorts^TXD;:,
EDITORS
E* C Lobenstine"
A* L* Warnshtfis
Secretaries, China Cgij+inuation Committee
SHANGHAI
KWANG HSUEH PUBLISHING HOUSE
\ 918...”
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“...famine and a world war, the
Christian missionary work in China has continued and increased.
This is the reason for another issue of the China Mission Year
Book.
The Book aims to give some description of the background of the
missionary effort, and therefore the articles on the political and
economical development of the country have a place. Moreover,
the facts described in these articles are also a help or hindrance
to the progress of the missionary work. So also it was necessary that
the Book should this year contain chapters on the great floods in
North China and 011 the plague epidemic.
Each year it is planned that the Book shall contain one section
which will be the distinctive feature of that issue. This year Part II
is noteworthy as describing recent developments in ecclesiastical
organization. Special mention might also be made of Part IV, which
is a summary of the present situation as regards Christian Literature
in China, and an indication of the large development anticipated in...”
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“...iv
The China Continuation Committee is responsible for the China
Mission Year Book only in that it appoints the Editorial Committee
and the Editor. When articles in the boolc arc the expression of the
policies or the views of the China Continuation Committee, this fact is
made clear; in all other cases, the ivriter of the paper is alone respon-
sible for the opinion expressed.
To all the forty-two writers of these chapters, the editors would
express their genuine appreciation of all their work. Many of these
chapters contain the results of much research, and some of them of
years of careful observation. It is the hearty cooperation of many
busy workers that makes possible the publication of the Year Book.
It would be invidious to mention a few where all have given of their
best. Special acknowledgment, however, is due to the Rev. C. L.
Boynton, who, as in previous years, has read all the proofs and is
responsible for the typographical appearance of the book, as well as
for-the statistical...”
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“...iii-iv
CONTENTS v-viii
CONTRIBUTORS ix-xii
PART I. THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
Chapter Page
I. Constitutional Development, 1917-18, L. R. O. Bevan 1
II. China's Commercial and Industrial Progress and
Prospects.......................................... Julean Arnold 17
III. Lawlessness in China..........................Evan Morgan 29
IV. The North China Floods and Their Relief, 1917-18
J. B. Tayler 41
V. The Chinese Labourers in France and Y. M. C. A.
Work for Them........................D wight W. Edwards 52
VI. The Opium Revival................................Isaac Mason 60
PART II. THE CHURCHES AND THE MISSIONS
VII. The Third Meeting of the General Synod of the
ChuxNg Hwa Sheng Kung Hwei.........L. B. Ridgely 69
VIII. Presbyterian Unionand a Sequel......J. C. Gibson 75
IX. One United Lutheran Church for China...............
N. Astrup Larsen 87
X. The Development of Church Order in Connection
with the Work of the China Inland Mission
D. E. Hoste 93
XI. Developments in Mission Administration...”
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“... 159
XIX. Work for Moslems int China............0. L. Ogilvie 164
XX. Illiteracy in the Christian Church in China, and
the Use of Phonetic Script ............................
S. G. Peill and F. G. Onley 16S
PART IV. GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION
XXI. Some Notes on Mission Education, F. D. Game well 176
XXII. The Bible Teachers' Training School for Women
Ruth M. Brittain 183
XXIII. Fukien Christian University......Edwin C. Jones 187
XXIV. Supervision of Primary Schools.......... J. M. Espey 191
Editor's Note................................................. 196
PART V. MEDICAL WORK
XXV. The Epidemic on Pneumonic Plague in 1917-18
Samuel Cochran 197
XXVI. The Work of the China Medical Board in
1917-18....................................Roger S. Greene 202
XXVII. Joint Committer on Medical Terminology
R. T. Shields 208
XXVIII. Joint Council for Public Health Education
S. M. Woo 211
PART VI. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE
XXIX. Christian Literature Conditions in China To-day
D. -W. Lyon 217
XXX. Pu...”
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“...to the Christian Movement in
China....................................Alfred H. Swan 284
XXXVII, Special Emphases in the Work op the China
Sunday School Union,...........E. G. Tewksbury 291
XXXVIII. The Progress op the Christian Endeavour
Movement in China, Edgar E. and Mrs. Strotlier 297
XXXIX. The Salvation Army in China, Its Plans, Pros-
pects and Policy ...............Charles H. Jeffries 301
PART VIII. MISCELLANEOUS
XL. The Training op Missionaries in China.........
Frank K. Sanders 311
XLI. The Place op Woman in the Protestant Mis-
sionary Movement in China......Lnella Miner 321
XLII. Social Effort in Yangtzepoo, Shanghai............
D. H. Kulp 342
XLIII. Recent Developments in Chinese Education......
P. W. Kuo 348
XLIV. The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund............
J. H. Blackstone 359
PART IX. OBITUARIES ...........................C. L. Boynton 367
PART X. APPElNDICES
A. China in Recent Books and Mag azinesBibliography 375
B. Constitution of China Christian Literature Council...”
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“...Vlll
CONTENTS
Chapter
Page
Sheet ii. Statistics op Protestant Missions in China, 1917.
D. Educational Work.
Sheet iii. Statistics op Protestant Missions in China, 1917.
E. Medical Work.
Sheet iv. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China, 1917.
F. Union Educational Institutions.
G. Selected Statistics.
Sheet v. Charts Illustrating the Task of the Church.
Sheet vi. Phonetic Script Chart.
INDEX
415...”
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“...Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society,
Hankow, Hupeh. Honorary Secretary, Religions Tract
Society of North and Central China, Hankow. Secretary,
China Christian Literature Council.
Samuel Cochran, Esq., M.D. (1S99) The Epidemic of Pneumonic
Plague in 1917r18.
Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Hwaiyuan,
An.
Mrss Grace L* Coppocfc* (1906) Young Women's Christian Association.
General Secretary, National Committee of the Young Women's
Christian Associations of China, Shanghai.
Rev* John Darroch, Lftt.D* (1887) The Tract Societies in 1917.
Secretary for China, Religious Tract Society (London), Shanghai.
Rev* W* Clifton Dodd, D,D* New Missions and New Stations.
Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Chien-rung,.
Yunnan.
Dwight W* Edwards, Esq*, M.A* (1906) The Chinese Labourers in
France and Y.M.C.A. Work for Them.
Associate Secretary, Peking Young Men's Christian Association....”
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“...Supervisor of Educational Work, Central China Mission, Ameri-
can Presbyterian Mission, Shanghai.
Rev. Frank D. Gamewell, LL.D; <1881) Some Notes on Mission
Education.
General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association.
Educational Secretary, Methodist Ediscopal Church, Shang-
hai.
Rev. J. Campbell Gibson, D.D. (1874) Presbyterian Unionand a
Sequel.
Senior missionary, English Presbyterian Mission, Swatow.
British Chairman of Centenary Missionary Conference,
/Shanghai, 1907. Moderator, Provisional General Assembly.
Roger S. Greene, Esq. The Work op the China Medical Board in
1917-1918.
Resident Director in China, China Medical Board of the
Rockefeller Foundation, Peking.
D, E. Hoste, Esq. (1884) The Development op Church Order in
Connection with the Work op the China Inland Mission.
Director of the China Inland Mission, Shanghai.
Commissioner Charles H. Jeffries. (1918) The Salvation Army in
China, Its Plans, Prospects and Policies.
Commissioner for China, Salvation Army, Peking.
Edwin C...”
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“...Association
of China.
Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission. Superintend-
ent, Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai.
Miss Ltiella Miner, M.A., Lrtt. D. (1887) Woman's Place in the
Protestant Movement in China.
Missionary of the American Board Commissioners for Foreign
Missions. Dean of North China Union Women's College,
Peking.
Rev* Evan Morgan. (1884) Lawlessness in China.
Missionary of English Baptist Mission. Editorial Secretary,
Christian Literature Society, Shanghai.
Rev. C. L. Ogiivie, M.A., B.D. (1911) Work for Moslems.
Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Peking. Pro-
fessor in Peking University School of Theology. Secretary,
Moslem Work Committee of the China Continuation Com-
mittee.
Rev. F. G. Onley. (1909) (Joint author) Illiteracy in the
Christian Church in China and the Use of Phonetic Script.
Missionary of the London Missionary Society, Tsaoshih, Hup.
Sidney G. Pelli, M.D., Ch.B., Esq. (1905) (Joint author) Illiteracy
in the Christian Church in China and the...”
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“...Hankow, American Church Mission. Chair-
man of the China Continuation Committee.
Rev. Frank Knight Sanders, PhD. The Training of Missionaries, in
China.
Director of the Board of Missionary Preparation (for North
America), New York City.
Randolph T. Shields, Esq., B.A., M.D. (1905) Joint Committee on
Medical Terminology.
Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission (South),
Tsinan. Secretary of the Joint Committee 011 Medical
Terminology.
Rev* C. G. Sparham. (1884) Developments in Mission Administra-
tion in the London Missionary Society.
Secretary, Advisory Council, London Missionary Society, Shang-
hai.
Mr. & Mrs* Edgar E. Strother. (1909)The Progress of the Christian
Endeavour Movement in China.
Joint Secretaries, United Society of Christian Endeavour for
China.
Alfred H. Swan, Esq., B.S., B.P.E. (1912) The Contribution of the
Physical Education Department of the Young Men's
Christian Association to the Christian Movement in
China.
Secretary, Physical Department, National Committee...”
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“...PART I
THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
CHAPTER I
CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, J9I7--J9J8
L. R. O. Bevan
The opening months of 1917 saw again the
Preifdcntnt ^ executive ancl the legislature in full conflict,
vs Premier As was recounted in the Year Book for last
year the restored Parliament undertook the
work of formulating the permanent Constitution, taking as
its framework the instrument drafted by the committee
that sat in the Temple of Heaven in 1913. Undeterred by
the fate meted out to 1liat Constitution by Yuan Shili-kai,
the same Parliament with the same spirit again ranged itself
against the executive. The fight, though the same fight that
has been waged since the overthrow of the Manchns in 1912,
set itself forth with an added complication. Li Yuan-hung,
during his office as Vice President, though unable to declare
himself openly opposed to the centralizing and autocratic
policy of Yuan, had sympathized all along with the radical
elements of the parliamentary body. Pie was distinctly...”
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“...6
the general situation in china
and bayonet. Li then took the step of dismissing Tuan
from the office of Prime Minister and once again the two
parties were at daggers drawn.
Chang Hstm Then followed the remarkable Chang Hsun
Episode episode. This may be dismissed in a few
words, for it is an event really outside the
course of constitutional development, though it directly led
.to the establishment of the two governments, one in Peking
and one in Canton. Chang Hsunthe old Mancliu leader,
in command of a large army strategically posted across the
Tsin Pu railway, often compared with the robber barons of
medieval Europe, independent of control, undeniably
ignorant of all questions of constitutional government, this
rough soldier who understood nothing of parliaments and
cabinetswas summoned to Peking to act as mediator,
to find a via media that would reconcile the aspirations of
extreme parliamentarians with the conservative estimate
of government policies held by a reactionary executive...”
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“...8
THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
members of the dissolved Parliament gradually -collected
in Canton until there was a sufficient number to form a
quorum, and there was set up a provisional government, the
legislative portion of: which claims to-day to be the only
constitutional authority for the whole of China. The
government thus formed in the South has refused to
recognize the acts of the Peking Government as legal acts;
it denies any legal standing to the legislative body that has
been brought into existence in Peking; and it declines to
recognize as constitutional the administrative acts of the
Northern Government. There is in effect a separate and
independent government administration with its present
center in Canton, claiming to be, as far as is possible under
the circumstances, the only legal inheritor of the powers of
government as settled by the Provisional Constitution of 1912.
The course of the administration in the
^Southern South has not run altogether smoothly.
Party There...”
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“...and Parliament was opened in due form in
September (1918).
Two The existence of two Parliaments, one in
Parliaments Peking and one in Canton, provides a curious
and interesting situation. It is not that
each claims to be the lawful authority for one of two separate
states, for each one declares that it is the legal Parliament
for the whole of the country. The situation is not by any
means a simple one and the strict legal position is not easily
stated. It is not to be expected that there is in China a
judicial tribunal that would be allowed to decide between the
competing claims, nor would the disputants be likely to
abide by any decision that might be given. The writer does
not pretend to offer an opinion, but i.t will be interesting to
indicate possible lines of argument.
If a strict interpretation of the exact
The words of the documents known as the Nan-
QuesHorfof kin2 settlement, or the Provisional Con-
Election Laws stitution, is to be assumed as the one and
only legal foundation of...”
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“...would function as a truly con-
stitutional creation of the original Nanking settlement.
With this wider view of the Provisional Constitution,
arguments might be put forward supporting the legality
of the present Peking Parliament and its claim to a lawful
place in the state within the terms of the Provisional Con-
stitution.
Turning to the Parliament that is sitting
foe Parliament Canton, it, in its turn, claims that it, and
fn Canton ^ alone, is the legal legislature representing
the whole of China. The argument is that
it was elected in 1913 under the election laws made by the
original National Assembly and that it has not yet come to
its legal termination. No one can doubt that in the begin-
ning it was the constitutionally elected legislature of the
Republic. The doubts that are thrown on its present claims
to legality are, first, that it has been dissolved, and second,
that by the efflux of time it has ceased to be a legal Parliament
even if the dissolution was no dissolution at all...”
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“...center
of government influence. A suggested policy dare not be
put into operation unless a sufficient assent has been given
by those who are able to resist it. In former times the
memorials of viceroy, governor, official and censor told the
Son of Heaven and his advisers what might safely be
attempted. At the present day it is the circular telegram
of the military leader that informs the government whether
it can act in this way or that. Yuan Shih-kai must bear
the responsibility of fastening on' China this military
incubus. He gained his ascendancy through the army, and
only complete success would have justified his political
action. Had he remained supreme and been able to keep
within due bounds the instrument that he had created and
used, there was the chance, and there is evidence that there
was the intention, to introduce by gradual steps, and as
circumstances permitted, real measures of constitutional...”
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“...16
THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA
government. But the instrument broke up into a group of
masters, and with Yuan's fall the opportunity fell to 1 lie
military leader. First one and then another has seized the
opportunity as the occasion was favourable, with the result
that there has been an unbroken series of failures to reach a
solution. Constitutional arrangements which do not suit this
or that general have fallen through. In the north, the
center, and the south, the political situation has been over-
shadowed and complicated and again and again made
impossible because of the opposition and the action of a
military leader and those who have rallied to his standard.
Even should the legitimate political parties get together and
devise some method of working in harmony, it would not be
venturesome to expect that the military elements would
quickly manifest themselves as a disruptive force and a
hindrance to the smooth working of the political machine.
This then is the problem of the coming...”
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“...AND PROSPECTS
Julean Arnold
China is now awakened and at the dawn
Awake i;nay prove to be the greatest
industrial and commercial development the
world has yet witnessed. It represents a quarter of the
world's population on a continent which can boast of more
than half of the human race, and holds or has access to an
unlimited wealth of natural resources. When given the
implements of modern civilization, the resultants of the
brain power of the West and with the development of
organization, China will, with the aid of the West, make
wonderful achievements in commercial and industrial
expansion.
Although the more significant develop-
Progre-s ments in China are the unseen, the changes
in the hearts and minds of the people, yet
we need not look far for substantial evidence of progress.
Wonderful strides have been made during the past two
decades.
Railways Thirty years ago, it was practically
impossible to lay a mile of railroad or
open a mine anywhere in China without arousing op-
position...”
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“...populace throughout the country from
the officials and gentry down appreciate their value. The
European War has temporarily arrested railway develop-
ment in China, but concessions for the building of fourteen
thousand miles had been granted prior to its outbreak and
are only waiting its conclusion before work shall begin.
China will require tens of thousands of miles and the
millions of China are ready for them.
Ilunan in the heart of China was the last
Minerals province to open its doors to foreign enter-
prise. It now commands 80% of the world's
consumption of antimony. Besides antimony, coal, lead,
tin, zinc, and very recently, wolframite, are appearing in the
list of products exported from this province. As a result,
smelters and modern manufacturing plants are springing
up. Hunan is destined to a big future in the new
industrial China. Modern buildings, brick, stone and
cement, are already rising on the streets of Changslia.
The city wall is being torn down to make room for a
boulevard...”
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