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“...THE CHINA MISSION YEAR BOOK 1918 (NINTH ANNUAL ISSUE) Issued under arrangement between the Christian Literature Society for China and the China Continuation Committee under direction of the following Editorial Committee appointed by the China Continuation Committee Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D. Rev. F. D. Gamewclf, LL.D. D. E. Hoste, Esq, Rev. E. G. Lobenstine Rev. J. W. Lowrre, D.D. Rev. D. MicGilIivray, D.D. Rev. G. F. Moshcr Rev. Frank Rawlinson, D.D. Rev. W. li^^FrT^ReQS, D.D. TuLt ^ -Rorts^TXD;:, EDITORS E* C Lobenstine" A* L* Warnshtfis Secretaries, China Cgij+inuation Committee SHANGHAI KWANG HSUEH PUBLISHING HOUSE \ 918...”
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“...famine and a world war, the Christian missionary work in China has continued and increased. This is the reason for another issue of the China Mission Year Book. The Book aims to give some description of the background of the missionary effort, and therefore the articles on the political and economical development of the country have a place. Moreover, the facts described in these articles are also a help or hindrance to the progress of the missionary work. So also it was necessary that the Book should this year contain chapters on the great floods in North China and 011 the plague epidemic. Each year it is planned that the Book shall contain one section which will be the distinctive feature of that issue. This year Part II is noteworthy as describing recent developments in ecclesiastical organization. Special mention might also be made of Part IV, which is a summary of the present situation as regards Christian Literature in China, and an indication of the large development anticipated in...”
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“...iv The China Continuation Committee is responsible for the China Mission Year Book only in that it appoints the Editorial Committee and the Editor. When articles in the boolc arc the expression of the policies or the views of the China Continuation Committee, this fact is made clear; in all other cases, the ivriter of the paper is alone respon- sible for the opinion expressed. To all the forty-two writers of these chapters, the editors would express their genuine appreciation of all their work. Many of these chapters contain the results of much research, and some of them of years of careful observation. It is the hearty cooperation of many busy workers that makes possible the publication of the Year Book. It would be invidious to mention a few where all have given of their best. Special acknowledgment, however, is due to the Rev. C. L. Boynton, who, as in previous years, has read all the proofs and is responsible for the typographical appearance of the book, as well as for-the statistical...”
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“...iii-iv CONTENTS v-viii CONTRIBUTORS ix-xii PART I. THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA Chapter Page I. Constitutional Development, 1917-18, L. R. O. Bevan 1 II. China's Commercial and Industrial Progress and Prospects.......................................... Julean Arnold 17 III. Lawlessness in China..........................Evan Morgan 29 IV. The North China Floods and Their Relief, 1917-18 J. B. Tayler 41 V. The Chinese Labourers in France and Y. M. C. A. Work for Them........................D wight W. Edwards 52 VI. The Opium Revival................................Isaac Mason 60 PART II. THE CHURCHES AND THE MISSIONS VII. The Third Meeting of the General Synod of the ChuxNg Hwa Sheng Kung Hwei.........L. B. Ridgely 69 VIII. Presbyterian Unionand a Sequel......J. C. Gibson 75 IX. One United Lutheran Church for China............... N. Astrup Larsen 87 X. The Development of Church Order in Connection with the Work of the China Inland Mission D. E. Hoste 93 XI. Developments in Mission Administration...”
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“... 159 XIX. Work for Moslems int China............0. L. Ogilvie 164 XX. Illiteracy in the Christian Church in China, and the Use of Phonetic Script ............................ S. G. Peill and F. G. Onley 16S PART IV. GENERAL AND RELIGIOUS EDUCATION XXI. Some Notes on Mission Education, F. D. Game well 176 XXII. The Bible Teachers' Training School for Women Ruth M. Brittain 183 XXIII. Fukien Christian University......Edwin C. Jones 187 XXIV. Supervision of Primary Schools.......... J. M. Espey 191 Editor's Note................................................. 196 PART V. MEDICAL WORK XXV. The Epidemic on Pneumonic Plague in 1917-18 Samuel Cochran 197 XXVI. The Work of the China Medical Board in 1917-18....................................Roger S. Greene 202 XXVII. Joint Committer on Medical Terminology R. T. Shields 208 XXVIII. Joint Council for Public Health Education S. M. Woo 211 PART VI. CHRISTIAN LITERATURE XXIX. Christian Literature Conditions in China To-day D. -W. Lyon 217 XXX. Pu...”
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“...to the Christian Movement in China....................................Alfred H. Swan 284 XXXVII, Special Emphases in the Work op the China Sunday School Union,...........E. G. Tewksbury 291 XXXVIII. The Progress op the Christian Endeavour Movement in China, Edgar E. and Mrs. Strotlier 297 XXXIX. The Salvation Army in China, Its Plans, Pros- pects and Policy ...............Charles H. Jeffries 301 PART VIII. MISCELLANEOUS XL. The Training op Missionaries in China......... Frank K. Sanders 311 XLI. The Place op Woman in the Protestant Mis- sionary Movement in China......Lnella Miner 321 XLII. Social Effort in Yangtzepoo, Shanghai............ D. H. Kulp 342 XLIII. Recent Developments in Chinese Education...... P. W. Kuo 348 XLIV. The Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund............ J. H. Blackstone 359 PART IX. OBITUARIES ...........................C. L. Boynton 367 PART X. APPElNDICES A. China in Recent Books and Mag azinesBibliography 375 B. Constitution of China Christian Literature Council...”
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“...Vlll CONTENTS Chapter Page Sheet ii. Statistics op Protestant Missions in China, 1917. D. Educational Work. Sheet iii. Statistics op Protestant Missions in China, 1917. E. Medical Work. Sheet iv. Statistics of Protestant Missions in China, 1917. F. Union Educational Institutions. G. Selected Statistics. Sheet v. Charts Illustrating the Task of the Church. Sheet vi. Phonetic Script Chart. INDEX 415...”
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“...Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, Hankow, Hupeh. Honorary Secretary, Religions Tract Society of North and Central China, Hankow. Secretary, China Christian Literature Council. Samuel Cochran, Esq., M.D. (1S99) The Epidemic of Pneumonic Plague in 1917r18. Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Hwaiyuan, An. Mrss Grace L* Coppocfc* (1906) Young Women's Christian Association. General Secretary, National Committee of the Young Women's Christian Associations of China, Shanghai. Rev* John Darroch, Lftt.D* (1887) The Tract Societies in 1917. Secretary for China, Religious Tract Society (London), Shanghai. Rev* W* Clifton Dodd, D,D* New Missions and New Stations. Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Chien-rung,. Yunnan. Dwight W* Edwards, Esq*, M.A* (1906) The Chinese Labourers in France and Y.M.C.A. Work for Them. Associate Secretary, Peking Young Men's Christian Association....”
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“...Supervisor of Educational Work, Central China Mission, Ameri- can Presbyterian Mission, Shanghai. Rev. Frank D. Gamewell, LL.D; <1881) Some Notes on Mission Education. General Secretary, China Christian Educational Association. Educational Secretary, Methodist Ediscopal Church, Shang- hai. Rev. J. Campbell Gibson, D.D. (1874) Presbyterian Unionand a Sequel. Senior missionary, English Presbyterian Mission, Swatow. British Chairman of Centenary Missionary Conference, /Shanghai, 1907. Moderator, Provisional General Assembly. Roger S. Greene, Esq. The Work op the China Medical Board in 1917-1918. Resident Director in China, China Medical Board of the Rockefeller Foundation, Peking. D, E. Hoste, Esq. (1884) The Development op Church Order in Connection with the Work op the China Inland Mission. Director of the China Inland Mission, Shanghai. Commissioner Charles H. Jeffries. (1918) The Salvation Army in China, Its Plans, Prospects and Policies. Commissioner for China, Salvation Army, Peking. Edwin C...”
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“...Association of China. Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission. Superintend- ent, Presbyterian Mission Press, Shanghai. Miss Ltiella Miner, M.A., Lrtt. D. (1887) Woman's Place in the Protestant Movement in China. Missionary of the American Board Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Dean of North China Union Women's College, Peking. Rev* Evan Morgan. (1884) Lawlessness in China. Missionary of English Baptist Mission. Editorial Secretary, Christian Literature Society, Shanghai. Rev. C. L. Ogiivie, M.A., B.D. (1911) Work for Moslems. Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission, Peking. Pro- fessor in Peking University School of Theology. Secretary, Moslem Work Committee of the China Continuation Com- mittee. Rev. F. G. Onley. (1909) (Joint author) Illiteracy in the Christian Church in China and the Use of Phonetic Script. Missionary of the London Missionary Society, Tsaoshih, Hup. Sidney G. Pelli, M.D., Ch.B., Esq. (1905) (Joint author) Illiteracy in the Christian Church in China and the...”
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“...Hankow, American Church Mission. Chair- man of the China Continuation Committee. Rev. Frank Knight Sanders, PhD. The Training of Missionaries, in China. Director of the Board of Missionary Preparation (for North America), New York City. Randolph T. Shields, Esq., B.A., M.D. (1905) Joint Committee on Medical Terminology. Missionary of the American Presbyterian Mission (South), Tsinan. Secretary of the Joint Committee 011 Medical Terminology. Rev* C. G. Sparham. (1884) Developments in Mission Administra- tion in the London Missionary Society. Secretary, Advisory Council, London Missionary Society, Shang- hai. Mr. & Mrs* Edgar E. Strother. (1909)The Progress of the Christian Endeavour Movement in China. Joint Secretaries, United Society of Christian Endeavour for China. Alfred H. Swan, Esq., B.S., B.P.E. (1912) The Contribution of the Physical Education Department of the Young Men's Christian Association to the Christian Movement in China. Secretary, Physical Department, National Committee...”
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“...PART I THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA CHAPTER I CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, J9I7--J9J8 L. R. O. Bevan The opening months of 1917 saw again the Preifdcntnt ^ executive ancl the legislature in full conflict, vs Premier As was recounted in the Year Book for last year the restored Parliament undertook the work of formulating the permanent Constitution, taking as its framework the instrument drafted by the committee that sat in the Temple of Heaven in 1913. Undeterred by the fate meted out to 1liat Constitution by Yuan Shili-kai, the same Parliament with the same spirit again ranged itself against the executive. The fight, though the same fight that has been waged since the overthrow of the Manchns in 1912, set itself forth with an added complication. Li Yuan-hung, during his office as Vice President, though unable to declare himself openly opposed to the centralizing and autocratic policy of Yuan, had sympathized all along with the radical elements of the parliamentary body. Pie was distinctly...”
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“...6 the general situation in china and bayonet. Li then took the step of dismissing Tuan from the office of Prime Minister and once again the two parties were at daggers drawn. Chang Hstm Then followed the remarkable Chang Hsun Episode episode. This may be dismissed in a few words, for it is an event really outside the course of constitutional development, though it directly led .to the establishment of the two governments, one in Peking and one in Canton. Chang Hsunthe old Mancliu leader, in command of a large army strategically posted across the Tsin Pu railway, often compared with the robber barons of medieval Europe, independent of control, undeniably ignorant of all questions of constitutional government, this rough soldier who understood nothing of parliaments and cabinetswas summoned to Peking to act as mediator, to find a via media that would reconcile the aspirations of extreme parliamentarians with the conservative estimate of government policies held by a reactionary executive...”
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“...8 THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA members of the dissolved Parliament gradually -collected in Canton until there was a sufficient number to form a quorum, and there was set up a provisional government, the legislative portion of: which claims to-day to be the only constitutional authority for the whole of China. The government thus formed in the South has refused to recognize the acts of the Peking Government as legal acts; it denies any legal standing to the legislative body that has been brought into existence in Peking; and it declines to recognize as constitutional the administrative acts of the Northern Government. There is in effect a separate and independent government administration with its present center in Canton, claiming to be, as far as is possible under the circumstances, the only legal inheritor of the powers of government as settled by the Provisional Constitution of 1912. The course of the administration in the ^Southern South has not run altogether smoothly. Party There...”
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“...and Parliament was opened in due form in September (1918). Two The existence of two Parliaments, one in Parliaments Peking and one in Canton, provides a curious and interesting situation. It is not that each claims to be the lawful authority for one of two separate states, for each one declares that it is the legal Parliament for the whole of the country. The situation is not by any means a simple one and the strict legal position is not easily stated. It is not to be expected that there is in China a judicial tribunal that would be allowed to decide between the competing claims, nor would the disputants be likely to abide by any decision that might be given. The writer does not pretend to offer an opinion, but i.t will be interesting to indicate possible lines of argument. If a strict interpretation of the exact The words of the documents known as the Nan- QuesHorfof kin2 settlement, or the Provisional Con- Election Laws stitution, is to be assumed as the one and only legal foundation of...”
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“...would function as a truly con- stitutional creation of the original Nanking settlement. With this wider view of the Provisional Constitution, arguments might be put forward supporting the legality of the present Peking Parliament and its claim to a lawful place in the state within the terms of the Provisional Con- stitution. Turning to the Parliament that is sitting foe Parliament Canton, it, in its turn, claims that it, and fn Canton ^ alone, is the legal legislature representing the whole of China. The argument is that it was elected in 1913 under the election laws made by the original National Assembly and that it has not yet come to its legal termination. No one can doubt that in the begin- ning it was the constitutionally elected legislature of the Republic. The doubts that are thrown on its present claims to legality are, first, that it has been dissolved, and second, that by the efflux of time it has ceased to be a legal Parliament even if the dissolution was no dissolution at all...”
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“...center of government influence. A suggested policy dare not be put into operation unless a sufficient assent has been given by those who are able to resist it. In former times the memorials of viceroy, governor, official and censor told the Son of Heaven and his advisers what might safely be attempted. At the present day it is the circular telegram of the military leader that informs the government whether it can act in this way or that. Yuan Shih-kai must bear the responsibility of fastening on' China this military incubus. He gained his ascendancy through the army, and only complete success would have justified his political action. Had he remained supreme and been able to keep within due bounds the instrument that he had created and used, there was the chance, and there is evidence that there was the intention, to introduce by gradual steps, and as circumstances permitted, real measures of constitutional...”
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“...16 THE GENERAL SITUATION IN CHINA government. But the instrument broke up into a group of masters, and with Yuan's fall the opportunity fell to 1 lie military leader. First one and then another has seized the opportunity as the occasion was favourable, with the result that there has been an unbroken series of failures to reach a solution. Constitutional arrangements which do not suit this or that general have fallen through. In the north, the center, and the south, the political situation has been over- shadowed and complicated and again and again made impossible because of the opposition and the action of a military leader and those who have rallied to his standard. Even should the legitimate political parties get together and devise some method of working in harmony, it would not be venturesome to expect that the military elements would quickly manifest themselves as a disruptive force and a hindrance to the smooth working of the political machine. This then is the problem of the coming...”
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“...AND PROSPECTS Julean Arnold China is now awakened and at the dawn Awake i;nay prove to be the greatest industrial and commercial development the world has yet witnessed. It represents a quarter of the world's population on a continent which can boast of more than half of the human race, and holds or has access to an unlimited wealth of natural resources. When given the implements of modern civilization, the resultants of the brain power of the West and with the development of organization, China will, with the aid of the West, make wonderful achievements in commercial and industrial expansion. Although the more significant develop- Progre-s ments in China are the unseen, the changes in the hearts and minds of the people, yet we need not look far for substantial evidence of progress. Wonderful strides have been made during the past two decades. Railways Thirty years ago, it was practically impossible to lay a mile of railroad or open a mine anywhere in China without arousing op- position...”
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“...populace throughout the country from the officials and gentry down appreciate their value. The European War has temporarily arrested railway develop- ment in China, but concessions for the building of fourteen thousand miles had been granted prior to its outbreak and are only waiting its conclusion before work shall begin. China will require tens of thousands of miles and the millions of China are ready for them. Ilunan in the heart of China was the last Minerals province to open its doors to foreign enter- prise. It now commands 80% of the world's consumption of antimony. Besides antimony, coal, lead, tin, zinc, and very recently, wolframite, are appearing in the list of products exported from this province. As a result, smelters and modern manufacturing plants are springing up. Hunan is destined to a big future in the new industrial China. Modern buildings, brick, stone and cement, are already rising on the streets of Changslia. The city wall is being torn down to make room for a boulevard...”